scholarly journals Successfully Dating Rock Art in Southern Africa Using Improved Sampling Methods and New Characterization and Pretreatment Protocols

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bonneau ◽  
R A Staff ◽  
T Higham ◽  
F Brock ◽  
D G Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Acid Base

AbstractWorldwide, dating rock art is difficult to achieve because of the frequent lack of datable material and the difficulty of removing contamination from samples. Our research aimed to select the paints that would be the most likely to be successfully radiocarbon dated and to estimate the quantity of paint needed depending on the nature of the paint and the weathering and alteration products associated with it. To achieve this aim, a two-step sampling strategy, coupled with a multi-instrument characterization (including SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy analysis) and a modified acid-base-acid (ABA) pretreatment, was created. In total, 41 samples were dated from 14 sites in three separate regions of southern Africa. These novel protocols ensure that the14C chronology produced was robust and could also be subsequently applied to different regions with possible variations in paint preparation, geology, weathering conditions, and contaminants.

scholarly journals Use of WetSEM® capsules for convenient multimodal scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and micro Raman spectroscopy characterisation of technetium oxides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Bailey ◽  
M. C. Stennett ◽  
J. Heo ◽  
N. C. Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Sem Imaging ◽  
General User ◽  
532 Nm

AbstractSEM–EDX and Raman spectroscopy analysis of radioactive compounds is often restricted to dedicated instrumentation, within radiological working areas, to manage the hazard and risk of contamination. Here, we demonstrate application of WetSEM® capsules for containment of technetium powder materials, enabling routine multimodal characterisation with general user instrumentation, outside of a controlled radiological working area. The electron transparent membrane of WetSEM® capsules enables SEM imaging of submicron non-conducting technetium powders and acquisition of Tc Lα X-ray emission, using a low cost desktop SEM–EDX system, as well as acquisition of good quality μ-Raman spectra using a 532 nm laser.

Cellulose-g-PAM Derived from Kenaf for Ethyl Orange Removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah Mohamed Razak ◽  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Nurul Jannah Arsad
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Microwave Irradiation Method ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis

A novel hybrid flocculant of acrylamide and cellulose was synthesized by using microwave irradiation method. Cellulose was extracted from kenaf by using TAPPI method. 57.4% of percentage grafting and efficiency has been obtained from the grafting process. There are additional peaks that appeared in FTIR spectroscopy analysis that show PAM was grafted into cellulose backbone. The flocculation behavior was studied by using ethyl orange wastewater. The result shows that hybrid flocculant (cellulose-g-PAM) has potential to be used as flocculant in treating dyes waste water.

Archaeological Evidence of Domestic Sheep in the Namib Desert During the First millennium AD

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kinahan
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Namib Desert ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Changing Economy ◽  
Fundamental Shift

Bones of domestic sheep dated to the early first millennium AD are described from the Dâures massif in the Namib Desert. The remains confirm earlier investigations which inferred the acquisition of livestock from indirect evidence in the rock art, suggesting a fundamental shift in ritual practice at this time. Dating of the sheep remains is in broad agreement with the dating of other finds in the same area and in southern Africa as a whole. The presence of suspected sheep bone artefacts, possibly used for ritual purposes, draws attention to the importance of livestock as more than a component of diet in the changing economy of hunter-gatherer society.

scholarly journals Region specific Raman spectroscopy analysis of the femoral head reveals that trabecular bone is unlikely to contribute to non-traumatic osteonecrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Pascart ◽  
Guillaume Falgayrac ◽  
Henri Migaud ◽  
Jean-François Quinchon ◽  
Laurène Norberciak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis

The thermal responses of rock art pigments: Implications for rock art weathering in southern Africa

Geomorphology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 132-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Hall ◽  
Ian Meiklejohn ◽  
Joselito Arocena
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Rock Art
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