Late Holocene fluctuations of Stoppani Glacier, southernmost Patagonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Menounos ◽  
Lyssa Maurer ◽  
John J. Clague ◽  
Gerald Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Lateral Moraine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glacial Expansion ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The U.S

AbstractSome lateral moraines contain a rich record of Holocene glacial expansion. Previous workers have used such evidence to document glacial fluctuations in western Canada, Alaska, and the U.S. Pacific Northwest, but similar studies in Patagonia are uncommon. Here we report on the late Holocene behavior of Stoppani Glacier, a 75 km2 glacier sourced in the Cordillera Darwin, southernmost Patagonia. Based on radiocarbon-dated wood and organic material contained in the glacier's northeast lateral moraine, we infer that Stoppani Glacier advanced shortly before 3.8–3.6, at 3.2–2.8, 2.3–2.1, and 0.3–0.2, and possibly sometime before 1.4–1.3 and 0.8–0.7 cal ka BP. These advances culminated at 0.3–0.2 cal ka BP, when the glacier constructed a prominent end moraine, marking its greatest extent of the past 4000 years. Although the timing of several of the advances overlap with the age range of glacial expansion recognized elsewhere in Patagonia, some do not. Asynchronous behavior observed in the glacial record may arise from the type of evidence (e.g., lateral stratigraphy vs. end moraine) used to document glacial fluctuations or variations in climate or glacial response times. A significant difference between the Stoppani record and some other Patagonian records is that the former indicates general expansion of ice over the last 4000 years, whereas the latter indicate a net decrease in extent over that period.

scholarly journals Toward a better understanding of climate and human impacts on late Holocene fire regimes in the Pacific Northwest, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K Walsh ◽  
Haley J Duke ◽  
Kevin C Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Clackamas County ◽  
Study Sites

In order to fully appreciate the role that fire, both natural and anthropogenic, had in shaping pre-Euro-American settlement landscapes in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), it is necessary to develop a more robust method of evaluating paleofire reconstructions. Here we demonstrate an approach that includes the identification of charcoal morphotypes (i.e. visually distinct charcoal particles), and incorporates both paleoecological and archaeological data sets, to more specifically determine both the nature of past fire regimes (i.e. fuel type and fire severity) and the likely ignition source of those fires. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by reconstructing the late Holocene fire and vegetation histories of Lake Oswego (Clackamas County), Oregon, and Fish Lake (Okanogan County), Washington, using macroscopic charcoal and pollen analysis of sediment cores. The histories were compared with climatic records from the PNW as well as archaeological, ethnographic, and historical records from the Lower Columbia River Valley and Southern Columbia Plateau cultural regions. Our results indicate that while centennial-to-millennial-scale climate change had limited influence on the fire regimes at the study sites during the past ∼3800 years, the use of fire by Native Americans for a variety of reasons, particularly after ca. 1200 calendar years before present (AD 750), had a far greater impact. Charcoal morphotype ratios also indicate that fires in the two watersheds were fundamentally different in their severity and impact, and led to major shifts in the forests and woodlands surrounding Lake Oswego, but helped maintain the ponderosa pine-dominated forest at Fish Lake. The elimination of fire from the two study sites during the past 100–300 years is likely the combined result of Euro-American contact and the arrival of disease in the PNW, as well as 20th-century fire suppression and grazing effects on fuel continuity, which has implications for future forest management and restoration efforts in the PNW.

scholarly journals “Jean Barman — Vernacular Historian”

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Heather Devine
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Indigenous Studies ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
French Canadians ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Vernacular History

Over the past year, several excellent new publications focused on the histories of mixed-race French-Canadian communities in western Canada and the Pacific Northwest. Of these books, Jean Barman’s French Canadians, Furs and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest merits special attention, because the author has successfully sought out, and integrated, vernacular voices as historical sources. And for this reason, Jean Barman is sometimes referred to as a “vernacular,” or grassroots historian. What is vernacular history? Is this genre a product of methodology or of one’s worldview? And can a vernacular approach to history help scholars navigate the increasingly politicised environment of indigenous studies? The author reflects on these questions, by sharing some of her personal experiences with Jean Barman that illustrate the complexity of the issues surrounding indigenous historical practice today.

scholarly journals 1055 PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF SPICES, TEA HERBS AND MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 579f-579
Author(s):  
Lon Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
The U.S

Concurrent with the development of the U.S. market for certified organically-grown produce, there has been a growth in the production and marketing of organically-grown botanicals. This activity has been centered in the Pacific Northwest for the past 20 years. The current global market for biologically-grown botanicals has been stimulated by public interest in alternative and traditional plant-based medicines. Trout Lake Farm has organized efforts to stimulate the production and marketing of medicinal plants and spices. The efforts include R&D, growing methodologies, quality assurance, drying, and processing. Research of many ornamentals has revealed potential uses for them other than strictly ornamental. Cultivation is necessary to avoid extirpation of fragile and threatened wild medicinals. The use of organic growing practices is necessary, particularly for specialty crops which have no EPA level inclusions for pesticides. Increasing domestic production of temperate and subtropical herbs and spices helps reduce U.S. imports.

scholarly journals Exploring the Stress and Strengths Arising From the Complexities Existing Within Grandfamilies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Catherine Tompkins ◽  
Alice Zic ◽  
Ellie Carlson ◽  
Ali Purvis ◽  
Loriena Yancura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
Online Panel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Score ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The opioid crisis and other social problems continue to increase the number of grandparent-headed households in the U.S. There are challenges and benefits that result from grandparents parenting their grandchildren. Grandparents often report the joy in watching their grandchildren grow but also report on the complexities that may lead to stress. Two-hundred forty-one grandparents were recruited using Qualtrics’ Online Panel Service. In addition to a standardized perceived stress scale and demographic questions, participants responded to open-ended questions related to the benefits and challenges of residing within a grandparent-headed household. This presentation focuses on comparing demographics, perceived stress, benefits and challenges of 108 current grandparent caregivers to 133 grandparents who were no longer the head of household at the time of the survey. Grandparents who currently were raising their grandchildren had a higher perceived stress score (p=.03) compared to grandparents who had raised their grandchildren in the past. An exploration of the demographic variances and responses to the open-ended questions, will begin to explain this statistically significant difference in reported stress. An additional complexity arising for a subsample of 10 current grandparents raising grandchildren, included simultaneously caregiving for an older adult relative. It is imperative to study the complexities existing within grandfamilies, from the perspectives and experiences of the grandparent caregiver, and develop interventions to reduce stress and increase the grandparents’ ability to cope with situational, emotional and relationship changes.

Late-Holocene climate response and glacial fluctuations revealed by the sediment record of the monsoon-dominated Chorabari Lake, Central Himalaya

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanuj Shukla ◽  
Manish Mehta ◽  
DP Dobhal ◽  
Archna Bohra ◽  
Bhanu Pratap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Lateral Moraine ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glacial Chronology ◽  
Monsoonal Precipitation ◽  
The Himalaya

We studied a periglacial lake situated in the monsoon-dominated Central Himalaya where an interplay of monsoonal precipitation and glacial fluctuations during the late Holocene is well preserved. A major catastrophe occurred on 16–17 June 2013, with heavy rains causing rupturing of the moraine-dammed Chorabari Lake located in the Mandakini basin, Central Himalaya, and exposed 8-m-thick section of the lacustrine strata. We reconstructed the late-Holocene climatic variability in the region using multi-parametric approach including magnetic, mineralogical and chemical (XRF) properties of sediments, paired with grain size and optically simulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The OSL chronology suggests that the lake was formed by a lateral moraine during the deglaciation phase of Chorabari Glacier between 4.2 and 3.9 ka and thereafter the lake deposited about 8-m-thick sediment sequence in the past 2.3 ka. The climatic reconstruction of the lake broadly represents the late-Holocene glacial chronology of the Central Himalaya coupled with many short-term climatic perturbations recorded at a peri-glacial lake setting. The major climatic phases inferred from the study suggests (1) a cold period between 260 BCE and 270 CE, (2) warmer conditions between 900 and 1260 CE for glacial recession and (3) glacial conditions between ~1370 and 1720 CE when the glacier gained volume probably during the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA). We suggest a high glacial sensitivity to climatic variability in the monsoon-dominated region of the Himalaya.

Epilogue

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catholic History ◽  
American Society ◽  
Catholic Tradition ◽  
American Catholic ◽  
The U.S

Themes of creative adaptation and uneven synthesis have undergirded the history of Catholicism in the Pacific Northwest but are also evident throughout the histories of transnational, regional Catholic cultures analyzed in this book. Such a tension between the Catholic tradition rooted in Rome as well as in various Catholic immigrant homelands versus the desire or need to adapt to the American environment not only drove the Americanism controversies of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries but also informs ongoing aspects of the American Catholic experience. On the U.S. Supreme Court, where Catholics have composed a majority of justices since 2006, a similar uneasy tension exists between cultural Catholicism and American judicial and political ideologies that do not align easily with Catholic teaching. Catholic participation in U.S. electoral politics also continues to reflect the regionally inflected uneven synthesis evident in the making of Catholic cultures and American society analyzed in this book. Region has made and continues to make a significant difference in American Catholic history and American Catholic cultures.

scholarly journals Resilience of lake biogeochemistry to boreal-forest wildfires during the late Holocene

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 20190390
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Chipman ◽  
Feng Sheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Boreal Ecosystems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
In Fire

Novel fire regimes are expected in many boreal regions, and it is unclear how biogeochemical cycles will respond. We leverage fire and vegetation records from a highly flammable ecoregion in Alaska and present new lake-sediment analyses to examine biogeochemical responses to fire over the past 5300 years. No significant difference exists in δ 13 C, %C, %N, C : N, or magnetic susceptibility between pre-fire, post-fire, and fire samples. However, δ 15 N is related to the timing relative to fire ( χ 2 = 19.73, p < 0.0001), with higher values for fire-decade samples (3.2 ± 0.3‰) than pre-fire (2.4 ± 0.2‰) and post-fire (2.2 ± 0.1‰) samples. Sediment δ 15 N increased gradually from 1.8 ± 0.6 to 3.2 ± 0.2‰ over the late Holocene, probably as a result of terrestrial-ecosystem development. Elevated δ 15 N in fire decades likely reflects enhanced terrestrial nitrification and/or deeper permafrost thaw depths immediately following fire. Similar δ 15 N values before and after fire decades suggest that N cycling in this lowland-boreal watershed was resilient to fire disturbance. However, this resilience may diminish as boreal ecosystems approach climate-driven thresholds of vegetation structure, permafrost thaw and fire.

Determination of Spreading Motive Levels of Elite Hearing-impaired Sportsmen

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Osman Kusan ◽  
Hasan Erdem Mumcu ◽  
Abdulkerim Çeviker ◽  
Ömer Zambak ◽  
Onur Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Educational Status ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
National Team ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Range

This study was conducted to investigate the sub-scales of sports instructions of elite athletes with hearing impairment or hearing loss due to different reasons. A total of 173 hearing-impaired athletes constituted of 54 female and 119 male athletes who are active national team athletes in the age range of 15-25 years. The study was conducted based on Self Determination Theory of Deci and Ryan [9] and on the developed Sports Motivation Scale, Pelletier et al. [24] Kazak [18] applied the validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish athletes. Accordingly, since the p_values calculated for the inner motivation sub-scale and its sub-scales are less than the value of α = .05 which is taken as the level of significance, there is a statistically significant difference in the average scores of the hearing-impaired athletes in their internal motivations and sub-scales. According to gender and educational status, there was no difference in the motivation of the hearing-impaired athletes. According to the age variable, it was seen that older athletes had more external connections. Considering the general motivation scores, the athletes in tennis and swimming were less motivated than others. Elite hearing-impaired athletes are affected by both internal and external impulses. However, internal motivation scores are higher than the external. Internal motivation scores are seen as the lowest in the branch swimming area.

Novel Drugs and Biologics of 2016: A Boom for Neurodrugs in the Pipelin

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3809-3814
Author(s):  
D Samba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Cns Drugs ◽  
The U.S

This article provides a brief overview of novel drugs approved by the U.S. FDA in 2016.  It also focuses on the emerging boom in the development of neurodrugs for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These new drugs are innovative products that often help advance clinical care worldwide, and in 2016, twenty-two such drugs were approved by the FDA. The list includes the first new drug for disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy or hallucinations and delusions of Parkinson’s disease, among several others. Notably, nine of twenty-two (40%) were novel CNS drugs, indicating the industry shifting to neurodrugs. Neurodrugs are the top selling pharmaceuticals worldwide, especially in America and Europe. Therapeutic neurodrugs have proven their significance many times in the past few decades, and the CNS drug portfolio represents some of the most valuable agents in the current pipeline. Many neuroproducts are vital or essential medicines in the current therapeutic armamentarium, including dozens of “blockbuster drugs” (drugs with $1 billion sales potential).  These drugs include antidepressants, antimigraine medications, and anti-epilepsy medications. The rise in neurodrugs’ sales is predominantly due to increased diagnoses of CNS conditions. The boom for neuromedicines is evident from the recent rise in investment, production, and introduction of new CNS drugs.  There are many promising neurodrugs still in the pipeline, which are developed based on the validated “mechanism-based” strategy. Overall, disease-modifying neurodrugs that can prevent or cure serious diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease, are in high demand. 

The Future of FBI Counterintelligence through the Lens of the Past Hundred Years

2010 ◽  
pp. 504-517
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Batvinis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Federal Bureau ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Foreign Intelligence ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The U.S

Counterintelligence is the business of identifying and dealing with foreign intelligence threats to a nation, such as the United States. Its main concern is the intelligence services of foreign states and similar organizations of non-state actors, such as transnational terrorist groups. Counterintelligence functions both as a defensive measure that protects the nation's secrets and assets against foreign intelligence penetration and as an offensive measure to find out what foreign intelligence organizations are planning to defeat better their aim. This article addresses the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) foreign counterintelligence function. It briefly traces its evolution by examining the key events and the issues that effected its growth as the principle civilian counterintelligence service of the U.S. government.

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