Deglaciation and late-glacial climate change in the White Mountains, New Hampshire, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woodrow B. Thompson ◽  
Christopher C. Dorion ◽  
John C. Ridge ◽  
Greg Balco ◽  
Brian K. Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Exposure Dating ◽  
The North ◽  
Maritime Canada

AbstractRecession of the Laurentide Ice Sheet from northern New Hampshire was interrupted by the Littleton-Bethlehem (L-B) readvance and deposition of the extensive White Mountain Moraine System (WMMS). Our mapping of this moraine belt and related glacial lake sequence has refined the deglaciation history of the region. The age of the western part of the WMMS is constrained to ~14.0–13.8 cal ka BP by glacial Lake Hitchcock varves that occur beneath and above L-B readvance till and were matched to a revised calibration of the North American Varve Chronology presented here. Using this age for when boulders were deposited on the moraines has enabled calibration of regional cosmogenic-nuclide production rates to improve the precision of exposure dating in New England. The L-B readvance coincided with the Older Dryas (OD) cooling documented by workers in Europe and the equivalent GI-1d cooling event in the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) time scale. The readvance and associated moraines provide the first well-documented and dated evidence of the OD event in the northeastern United States. Our lake sediment cores show that the Younger Dryas cooling was likewise prominent in the White Mountains, thus extending the record of this event westward from Maine and Maritime Canada.

scholarly journals Late-Quaternary history of the alpine flora of the New Hampshire White Mountains

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norton G. Miller ◽  
Ray W. Spear
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Alpine Tundra ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Alpine Zone

Abstract A distinctive flora of 73 species of vascular plants and numerous bryophytes occurs in the ca. 20 km 2 of alpine tundra in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. The late- Quaternary distribution of these plants, many of which are disjuncts, was investigated by studies of pollen and plant macrofossils from lower Lakes of the Clouds (1 542 m) in the alpine zone of Mount Washington. Results were compared with pollen and macrofossils from lowland late-glacial deposits in western New England. Lowland paleofloras contained fossils of 43 species of vascular plants, 13 of which occur in the contemporary alpine flora of the White Mountains. A majority of species in the paleoflora has geographic affinities to Labrador, northern Québec, and Greenland, a pattern also apparent for mosses in the lowland deposits. The first macrofossils in lower Lakes of the Clouds were arctic-alpine mosses of acid soils. Although open-ground mosses and vascular plants continued to occur throughout the Holocene, indicating that alpine tundra persisted, fossils of a low-elevation moss Hylocomiastrum umbratum are evidence that forest (perhaps as krummholz) covered a greater area near the basin from 7 500 to 3 500 yBP. No calcicolous plants were recovered from sediments at lower Lakes of the Clouds. Climatic constraints on the alpine flora during the Younger Dryas oscillation and perhaps during other cold-climate events and intervening periods of higher temperature may have led to the loss of plant species in the White Mountain alpine zone. Late-glacial floras of lowland western New England were much richer than floras of areas above treeline during late-glacial time and at the present.

Late glacial fluctuations of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the White Mountains of Maine and New Hampshire, U.S.A.

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R.M. Bromley ◽  
Brenda L. Hall ◽  
Woodrow B. Thompson ◽  
Michael R. Kaplan ◽  
Juan Luis Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Northern New England ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ice Sheet Dynamics ◽  
Complex Relationships

Prominent moraines deposited by the Laurentide Ice Sheet in northern New England document readvances, or stillstands, of the ice margin during overall deglaciation. However, until now, the paucity of direct chronologies over much of the region has precluded meaningful assessment of the mechanisms that drove these events, or of the complex relationships between ice-sheet dynamics and climate. As a step towards addressing this problem, we present a cosmogenic 10Be surface-exposure chronology from the Androscoggin moraine complex, located in the White Mountains of western Maine and northern New Hampshire, as well as four recalculated ages from the nearby Littleton–Bethlehem moraine. Seven internally consistent 10Be ages from the Androscoggin terminal moraines indicate that advance culminated ~ 13.2 ± 0.8 ka, in close agreement with the mean age of the neighboring Littleton–Bethlehem complex. Together, these two datasets indicate stabilization or advance of the ice-sheet margin in northern New England, at ~ 14–13 ka, during the Allerød/Greenland Interstadial I.

Age of the Berlin moraine complex, New Hampshire, USA, and implications for ice sheet dynamics and climate during Termination 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Gordon R.M. Bromley ◽  
Brenda L. Hall ◽  
Woodrow B. Thompson ◽  
Thomas V. Lowell
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Ice Sheet Dynamics ◽  
St Lawrence River

AbstractAt its late Pleistocene maximum, the Laurentide Ice Sheet was the largest ice mass on Earth and a key player in the modulation of global climate and sea level. At the same time, this temperate ice sheet was itself sensitive to climate, and high-magnitude fluctuations in ice extent, reconstructed from relict glacial deposits, reflect past changes in atmospheric temperature. Here, we present a cosmogenic 10Be surface-exposure chronology for the Berlin moraines in the White Mountains of northern New Hampshire, USA, which supports the model that deglaciation of New England was interrupted by a pronounced advance of ice during the Bølling-Allerød. Together with recalculated 10Be ages from the southern New England coast, the expanded White Mountains moraine chronology also brackets the timing of ice sheet retreat in this sector of the Laurentide. In conjunction with existing chronological data, the moraine ages presented here suggest that deglaciation was widespread during Heinrich Stadial 1 event (~18–14.7 ka) despite apparently cold marine conditions in the adjacent North Atlantic. As part of the White Mountains moraine system, the Berlin chronology also places a new terrestrial constraint on the former glacial configuration during the marine incursion of the St. Lawrence River valley north of the White Mountains.

The Village District in New Hampshire

1946 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 962-965
Author(s):  
Lashley G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
State Tax ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
Railroad Station

Although legally buried since 1891, the “precinct” in New Hampshire, like Banquo's ghost, continually arises to baffle students of New England local government. To the lawmakers, it is known as the village district; while in its annual report the state tax commission lists village districts as precincts, only adding to the confusion.In making a count of governmental areas in New Hampshire, one finds the state divided into ten counties. Within these, there are eleven municipalities classed as cities and 224 towns. The cities were once towns, but have been incorporated as cities by the legislature, not in accordance with a population prerequisite, but upon application. The first city to be incorporated was Manchester in 1846.All New Hampshire cities and towns include within their limits a great deal of rural land. Clusters of houses or settlements are sprinkled over these areas. Frequently, a settlement has several stores, a post office, and a railroad station and has the outward appearance of a village. Legally, however, such a settlement is not a village. It is administered entirely as a part of the town or city in which it is located, although it may be several miles from the principal urban center. New Hampshire has 639 such settlements, none of which is incorporated. Villages are not incorporated in New Hampshire as they are in Connecticut, Vermont, and Maine. Frequently they are referred to as places, but they should not be confused with the 23 so-called “unincorporated places” (found principally in the White Mountains), which are administered by the county and state governments almost completely. However, there are a few of the “villagelike” settlements within unincorporated places.

scholarly journals Holocene and ‘Little Ice Age’ glacial activity in the Marboré Cirque, Monte Perdido Massif, Central Spanish Pyrenees

The Holocene ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1439-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M García-Ruiz ◽  
David Palacios ◽  
Nuria de Andrés ◽  
Blas L Valero-Garcés ◽  
Juan I López-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Exposure Dating ◽  
Glacial Expansion

The Marboré Cirque, which is located in the southern Central Pyrenees on the north face of the Monte Perdido Peak (42°40′0″N; 0.5°0″W; 3355 m), contains a wide variety of Holocene glacial and periglacial deposits, and those from the ‘Little Ice Age’ (‘LIA’) are particularly well developed. Based on geomorphological mapping, cosmogenic exposure dating and previous studies of lacustrine sediment cores, the different deposits were dated and a sequence of geomorphological and paleoenvironmental events was established as follows: (1) The Marboré Cirque was at least partially deglaciated before 12.7 kyr BP. (2) Some ice masses are likely to have persisted in the Early Holocene, although their moraines were destroyed by the advance of glaciers during the Mid Holocene and ‘LIA’. (3) A glacial expansion occurred during the Mid Holocene (5.1 ± 0.1 kyr), represented by a large push moraine that enclosed a unique ice mass at the foot of the Monte Perdido Massif. (4) A melting phase occurred at approximately 3.4 ± 0.2 and 2.5 ± 0.1 kyr (Bronze/Iron Ages) after one of the most important glacial advances of the Neoglacial period. (5) Another glacial expansion occurred during the Dark Age Cold Period (1.4–1.2 kyr), followed by a melting period during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. (6) The ‘LIA’ represented a clear stage of glacial expansion within the Marboré Cirque. Two different pulses of glaciation were detected, separated by a short retraction. The first pulse occurred most likely during the late 17th century or early 18th century (Maunder Minimum), whereas the second occurred between 1790 and ad 1830 (Dalton Minimum). A strong deglaciation process has affected the Marboré Cirque glaciers since the middle of the 19th century. (7) A large rock avalanche occurred during the Mid Holocene, leaving a chaotic deposit that was previously considered to be a Late Glacial moraine.

scholarly journals LGM and Late Glacial glacier advances in the Cordillera Real and Cochabamba (Bolivia) deduced from <sup>10</sup>Be surface exposure dating

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zech ◽  
Ch. Kull ◽  
P. W. Kubik ◽  
H. Veit
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Surface Exposure Dating ◽  
Exposure Dating ◽  
The North ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Cordillera Real ◽  
Exposure Ages

Abstract. Surface exposure dating (SED) is an innovative tool already being widely applied for moraine dating and for Late Quaternary glacier and climate reconstruction. Here we present exposure ages of 28 boulders from the Cordillera Real and the Cordillera Cochabamba, Bolivia. Our results indicate that the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the Eastern Cordilleras occurred at ~22–25 ka and was thus synchronous to the global temperature minimum. We were also able to date several Late Glacial moraines to ~11–13 ka, which likely document lower temperatures and increased precipitation ("Coipasa" humid phase). Additionally, we recognize the existence of older Late Glacial moraines re-calculated to ~15 ka from published cosmogenic nuclide data. Those may coincide with the cold Heinrich 1 event in the North Atlantic region and the pronounced "Tauca" humid phase. We conclude that (i) exposure ages in the tropical Andes may have been overestimated so far due to methodological uncertainties, and (ii) although precipitation plays an important role for glacier mass balances in the tropical Andes, it becomes the dominant forcing for glaciation only in the drier and thus more precipitation-sensitive regions farther west and south.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ENGLAND DISTRICT SCHOOL AS IT APPEARED IN 1804

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
The People ◽  
Human Dwelling ◽  
East End ◽  
Very High

The Reverend Warren Burton (1800-1866) of Wilton, New Hampshire described the District School he attended between 1804 and 1817 in these words: The Old School-house, in District No. 5, stood on the top of a very high hill, on the north side of what was called the County road. The house of Capt. Clark, about ten rods off, was the only human dwelling within a quarter of a mile. The reason why this seminary of letters was perched so high in the air, and so far from the homes of those who resorted to it, was this: Here was the center of the district, as near as surveyor's chain could designate. The people east would not permit the building to be carried one rod further west, and those of the opposite quarter were as obstinate on their side. The edifice was set half in Capt. Clay's field, and half in the road. The wood-pile lay in the corner made by the east end and the stone wall.... The doorstep was a broad unhewn rock, brought from the neighboring pasture. It had not a flat and even surface, but was considerably sloping from the door to the road; so that, in icy times, the scholars, in passing out, used to snatch from the scant declivity the transitory pleasure of a slide.... The outer side of the structure was never painted by man; but the clouds of many years had stained it with their own dark hue....

Late glacial and Holocene glacier fluctuations at the Sub-Antarctic Island Kerguelen in the Southern Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jostein Bakke ◽  
Fabien Arnaud ◽  
Philip Deline ◽  
Charline Guiguet-Covex ◽  
Henriette Linge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Exposure Dating ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene ◽  
Do So

&lt;p&gt;The Southern Hemisphere`s westerly winds play a critical role in regulating Earth`s climate by shielding Antarctica from low-latitude heat, driving global ocean circulation and regulate the uptake of CO2 in the Southern Ocean. Both strength and position of this globally significant atmospheric pattern are rapidly shifting in the face of ongoing global warming. A string of recent studies links these developments to dramatic coupled changes in temperature, precipitation, sea-ice coverage and glacier extent that unfold across the Southern Ocean region. Critically, a lack of baseline information restricts our ability to understand the causes and patterns of these shifts and represent them robustly in the future projections that underpin climate policies. To help do so, we utilize the sensitivity of glaciers to atmospheric climate change and the potential of glacier-fed lake sediments to record this signal through time. For this purpose, we integrate emerging sedimentological, geochemical and glacier modelling tools in a new method framework to reconstruct changes in glacier extent, temperature and precipitation on human-relevant timescales. To do so, we rely on a number of novel sedimentological and geochemical approaches. These include biomarker-based temperature reconstructions, exposure dating of moraines and the use emerging non-destructive scanning techniques (e.g. Computed Tomography &amp;#8211; CT) to fingerprint depositional pathways. Our study area in this cross-disciplinary project is the poorly investigated sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago, well-situated in the core southern westerly wind belt. During an extensive 2019 field campaign, we collected 130 meters of sediment cores from six lakes, 110 rock samples for exposure dating and numerous catchment samples.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Geochronological reconsideration of the eastern European key loess section at Stayky in Ukraine

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kadereit ◽  
G. A. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Climate History ◽  
The North ◽  
Event Stratigraphy ◽  
Age Model

Abstract. Event-stratigraphical correlations between regional terrestrial sedimentary archives and marine or ice-core records that provide climate history are highly desirable for a deeper understanding of the effects of global climate change. However, such correlations are not simple, as the terrestrial records tend to be floating and fragmentary, and usually show varying sedimentation rates. Therefore, a reliable chronometric framework is a prerequisite for any event stratigraphy involving terrestrial archives. We propose that the age model underlying the event-stratigraphical approach for the eastern European key loess section at Stayky in Ukraine needs revision. Here we explore why it is unlikely that the Middle Pleniglacial Vytachiv Soil developed during Greenland interstadial (GIS) 8, and why the embryonic soils in the upper part of the Upper Pleniglacial part of the loess section most likely post-date the Heinrich 2 event. As a consequence, the revised age-model challenges the earlier suggested correlation of the suite of incipient soils above the Vytachiv Soil with Greenland Interstadials, which was supposed to start with GIS7 but for which matching from after GIS5 seems more likely. The revised chronology suggests that the transition from Middle to Upper Pleniglacial environmental conditions at the eastern European key section occurred during the final phase of marine isotope stage (MIS) 3. Thus, the picture appears to be in accordance with that of the western European key section at Nussloch. This points to a common driver of palaeo-environmental change in both regions, such as early late glacial maximum (LGM) advances of the Arctic ice shield or changes of the North Atlantic circulation and sea-ice distribution associated with changes in the palaeowind field relevant to aeolian loess deposition and soil formation. To test and substantiate the alternative age model, more chronologies for well-stratified loess sections throughout the European loess belt are required.

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