Tunnel Visions: a Decorated Cave at El Pedroso, Castile, in the Light of Fieldwork

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 193-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bacelar Alves ◽  
Richard Bradley ◽  
Ramón Fábregas Valcarce
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Outer Chamber ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Different Parts

How can we devise appropriate ways of studying later prehistoric rock art in its wider context, and how can we relate ancient images to the deposits of artefacts found on the same sites? This paper describes the methods adopted in recording a series of carved motifs within a cave located outside the defences of a Chalcolithic hillfort on the Spanish/Portuguese border in Castilla y Leon. It features two quite different series of images, located in separate chambers and divided from one another by a kind of tunnel. Excavation on an artificial terrace outside the cave mouth established a chronological sequence which could be applied to the contents of the different parts of the site. This work suggested that the outer chamber, which features a large number of cup-marks, might have been associated with domestic occupation of a kind found elsewhere on the mountain, whilst the elaborately decorated inner chamber was used over a shorter period and may have played a much more specialised role. Its initial use could have been for burial. In a final phase the entire cave saw the deposition of large numbers of artefacts before its entrance was blocked. Its distinctive layout and the organisation of the decoration suggest that by the 2nd millennium bc it was considered as a natural passage grave

BIOASSAY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL URINARY GONADOTROPHIN EXTRACTS

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Mellinger ◽  
Jalileh A. Mansour ◽  
Richmond W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Quantitative Bioassay ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT A reference standard is widely sought for use in the quantitative bioassay of pituitary gonadotrophin recovered from urine. The biologic similarity of pooled urinary extracts obtained from large numbers of subjects, utilizing groups of different age and sex, preparing and assaying the materials by varying techniques in different parts of the world, has lead to a general acceptance of such preparations as international gonadotrophin reference standards. In the present study, however, the extract of pooled urine from a small number of young women is shown to produce a significantly different bioassay response from that of the reference materials. Gonadotrophins of individual subjects likewise varied from the multiple subject standards in many instances. The cause of these differences is thought to be due to the modifying influence of non-hormonal substances extracted from urine with the gonadotrophin and not necessarily to variations in the gonadotrophins themselves. Such modifying factors might have similar effects in a comparative assay of pooled extracts contributed by many subjects, but produce significant variations when material from individual subjects is compared. It is concluded that the expression of potency of a gonadotrophic extract in terms of pooled reference material to which it is not essentially similar may diminish rather than enhance the validity of the assay.

Prehistoric aboriginal occupation of the rangelands: Interpreting the surface archaeological record of far western New South Wales, Australia.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Holdaway ◽  
PC Fanning ◽  
DC Witter
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Stone Artefact

Recent erosion in arid regions of western NSW has exposed large areas that are scattered with stone artefacts manufactured by Aboriginal people in prehistory. These exposures offer an opportunity for archaeologists to study the artefacts abandoned by Aboriginal people through time and to compare those artefacts that accumulate in different parts of the landscape. To reconstruct the nature of prehistoric behaviour in the rangelands, two approaches are needed. First, the geomorphological context of the artefacts needs to be considered since exposure of the artefacts is a function of landscape history. Second, large areas (measured in thousands of square metres) and large numbers of artefacts need to be considered if patterns reflecting long-term abandonment behaviour by Aboriginal people are to be identified. This paper reports on the Western New South Wales Archaeological Program (WNSWAP) which was initiated in 1995 to study surface archaeology in the rangelands. Geomorphological studies are combined with artefact analysis using geographic information system software to investigate Aboriginal stone artefact scatters and associated features such as heat retainer hearths, in a landscape context. Results suggest that apparently random scatters of stone artefacts are in fact patterned in ways which inform on prehistoric Aboriginal settlement of the rangelands. Key words: Aboriginal stone artefacts; rangelands; landscape archaeology; geomorphology; GIs

scholarly journals Note: Recording of Some Beetles in Honey Bee Colonies

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Abou-Shaara ◽  
M.E. Ahmad ◽  
J. Háva
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Small Hive Beetles ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Honey bees are very valuable to human. These social insects contribute in the pollination of many crops. Also, the products from honey bee colonies have many nutritional and medicinal benefits. Thus, keeping honey bees are very valuable and can be considered as source of income to many families. There are many diseases and pests that attack honey bee colonies. The pests attack bee colonies include: hornets, wax moths, bee-eater birds, and beetles. Such challenges can impact the survival and productivity of honey bee colonies. In this study, some beetle species belong to Fam. Nitidulidae, Dermestidae and Mycetophagidae were detected in honey bee colonies in Egypt, during spring. Despite the presence of many beetle species in the agricultural environment, only few species preferred the invasion of the colonies for feeding. These beetles do not attack stages of honey bees. They only feed on stored pollen or bee bread, especially those fallen on the bottom of the beehives. This is an alarm to follow the feeding behavior and distribution of these beetles. These beetles’ species can be considered as potential pests to weak honey bee colonies, housed in old or damaged beehives. The presence of large numbers of these beetles in weak colonies may disturb the activities of the bees and may passively impact the survival of the colonies. Listing these beetles is very important to better understanding the interaction between honey bees and beetles. On the other side, small hive beetles were not detected in the colonies. These beetles are currently one of the major problems facing honey bees in different parts of the world. This study confirms the absence of small hive beetles from Egypt.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gatrell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
John Berger ◽  
Involuntary Displacement ◽  
Different Parts

The English writer and critic John Berger regarded the twentieth century as ‘the century of departure, of migration, of exodus, of disappearance: the century of people helplessly seeing others, who were close to them, disappear over the horizon’.1 Berger’s characterisation of ‘helplessness’ invites us to consider not only how people were rendered liable to sudden and involuntary displacement, but also how those processes were represented at the time and subsequently. Global conflicts, revolutions and civil wars have played a major part in these processes of movement and loss, exposing combatants and non-combatants to personal risk. Civilians have frequently been the chief actors in the dramas of ‘departure’ and ‘disappearance’. Massive displacement has not necessarily entailed movement across state borders, although it is only relatively recently that policy-makers have taken into account the large numbers of internally displaced persons in different parts of the world....

A New Framework for Interpreting Contact Rock Art

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Smith ◽  
Jordan Ralph ◽  
Kylie Lower ◽  
Jennifer McKinnon ◽  
Matthew Ebbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
New Framework

This chapter addresses the challenge of seeing beyond the motif. Based on a case study in the Mid North of South Australia, this chapter presents a new analytical framework for analyzing style in rock art and using stylistic characteristics to identify authorship. The framework can be customized to different sites and/or regions to provide more nuanced understandings of specific contact trajectories. The results of this study suggest that innovation in contact rock art initially occurs in a single aspect of style and that a sequencing of innovations may be able to provide a temporal succession for contact motifs. The wider value of this framework is that it provides a basis for developing regional or site-specific models of style that may help researchers obtain greater insight into the authorship of contact rock art in different parts of the world.

Early Makuria Research Project. Excavations at Tanqasi. First season 2018. Preliminary Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wyżgoł ◽  
Mahmoud El-Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
The Village ◽  
Different Parts

Tanqasi village lies on the left side of the river Nile, about 17 km downstream from Merowe city. A large tumuli field is located some kilometers southeast of the village toward the edge of the Bayuda Desert. It contains no less than 250 tumuli of various size and form of superstructure, varying from very large to very small, but only four of these have been excavated so far (three in 1953 and one in 2006). A new study program, starting in 2018 within the frame of the Early Makuria Research Project, has now explored five more tombs located in different parts of the cemetery, providing a broad chronological sequence from late to terminal Meroitic.

Studies concerning the Uptake of Contact Insecticides.

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Gustatory Sense ◽  
Contact Chemoreceptors ◽  
Glossina Palpalis ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Contact Insecticides

The anatomy of the tarsi and pretarsi of Phormia (Protophormia) terraenovae (R.-D.); Glossina palpalis (R.-D.) and Musca domestica L. is described with particular reference to structures possibly concerned in the action of deposits of contact insecticides. The numerous setae which cover the tarsal segments are distributed in a pattern which is common to all three species. Long spines situated at the distal extremity of each segment are the points of contact with which a fly engages a surface, and which take the thrust as the fly walks. Proximal to the primary spines are two ventral rows of chemoreceptors, protected from mechanical damage by smaller spines. In addition there are lateral and dorsal rows of bristles.Contact chemoreceptors, which have been identified by experiment, are present in large numbers on the tarsi of P. terraenovae and M. domestica. Each chemoreceptor is a differentiated hollow seta possessing an extremely thin frontal membrane of cuticle, in which a lipoid layer appears to be incorporated and through which a lipoid-soluble insecticide might readily penetrate to the sensory neurocytes.Receptors of this type are also present on the tarsi of G. palpalis, though tsetse flies have not been reported to possess a tarsal gustatory sense.The pulvilli of all three species are entirely filled with viscous endocuticle and possess neither nerves, sense organs nor gland cells. The pulvilli are probably less important sites of penetration of insecticide from deposits than are the tarsel chemoreceptors, articulating membranes of setae, and intersegmental joint membranes.Measurements of nerve diameters at different parts of the tarsi are used to interpret the results of Fisher (1952) concerning the action of DDT applied to limited areas of M. domestica. It is concluded that the relative toxicity of DDT at different parts of the body may be correlated with the number of sensory nerve fibres passing close to the site of penetration, but not with the number of sensory end organs directly affected.

scholarly journals Changes in local distribution and numbers of staging and wintering Bean Geese Anser fabalis in Scania, south Sweden 1977/1978–2016/2017

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2–4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Bean Goose ◽  
South Sweden ◽  
Anser Fabalis ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Different Parts

Scania in southern Sweden is an important staging and wintering province for the Bean Goose Anser fabalis, especially for the Taiga form A. f. fabalis. Based on counts in October, November and January 1977/1978–2016/2017, and observations of neck-banded individuals, the changes in local distribution are described. When the counts started, large numbers were counted already in October, but autumn numbers steadily decreased as the geese stayed further north in Sweden. The January counts on the other hand increased as the geese wintered in Scania in successively larger numbers rather than leaving Sweden. In January 2017, more than 40,000 or two-thirds of the global population of Taiga Bean Goose were counted in Scania. Within the province, more and more geese concentrated to inland areas and instead of using the Öresund coastal region as in earlier years. Birds from different breeding areas, e.g. from Finland and Sweden, used different parts of Scania. In recent years 3000–9000 of Tundra Bean Geese Anser f. rossicus have been wintering in a small area in northeast Scania.

Dancing girls and insect-headed gods: results of the rock art recording project in the Wadi al-Hayat, Fazzan, 2006

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 95-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tertia Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
Recording Project ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Rock Paintings ◽  
Systematic Identification

AbstractThe 2006 rock art survey continued the systematic identification and recording of rock art panels in the Wadi al-Hayat, started in 2004–5. Over 350 carved panels, comprising well over 1000 engraved images, were recorded and added to the digital database for the project. Anecdotal accounts of rock paintings were also followed up, and some meaningful observations were made.As the concentration of known carvings in the wadi grows, trends in their content and distribution begin to demonstrate some interesting patterns. Detailed analysis of the distribution patterns is currently hampered by an unreliable chronological sequence, and discoveries this season have cast doubt on the validity of the established sequence for this area, with wider implications for Saharan rock art.

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