scholarly journals Sex differences in associations of socioemotional dispositions measured in childhood and adolescence with brain white matter microstructure 12 years later

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Lahey ◽  
Kendra E. Hinton ◽  
Francisco Calvache Meyer ◽  
Victoria Villalta-Gil ◽  
Carol A. Van Hulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Causal Nature ◽  
Demographic Covariates ◽  
Adolescent Twins

Abstract Predictive associations were estimated between socioemotional dispositions measured at 10–17 years using the Child and Adolescent Dispositions Scale (CADS) and future individual differences in white matter microstructure measured at 22–31 years of age. Participants were 410 twins (48.3% monozygotic) selected for later neuroimaging by oversampling on risk for psychopathology from a representative sample of child and adolescent twins. Controlling for demographic covariates and total intracranial volume (TICV), each CADS disposition (negative emotionality, prosociality, and daring) rated by one of the informants (parent or youth) significantly predicted global fractional anisotropy (FA) averaged across the major white matter tracts in brain in adulthood, but did so through significant interactions with sex after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. In females, each 1 SD difference in greater parent-rated prosociality was associated with 0.43 SD greater FA (p < 0.0008). In males, each 1 SD difference in greater parent-rated daring was associated with 0.24 SD lower FA (p < 0.0008), and each 1 SD difference in greater youth-rated negative emotionality was associated with 0.18 SD greater average FA (p < 0.0040). These findings suggest that CADS dispositions are associated with FA, but associations differ by sex. Exploratory analyses suggest that FA may mediate the associations between dispositions and psychopathology in some cases. These associations over 12 years could reflect enduring brain–behavior associations in spite of transactions with the environment, but could equally reflect processes in which dispositional differences in behavior influence the development of white matter. Future longitudinal studies are needed to resolve the causal nature of these sex-moderated associations.

scholarly journals Development of white matter microstructure and executive functions during childhood and adolescence: a review of diffusion MRI studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Lise Goddings ◽  
David Roalf ◽  
Catherine Lebel ◽  
Christian K. Tamnes
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
P Diffusion ◽  
The Brain

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides indirect measures of white matter microstructure that can be used to make inferences about structural connectivity within the brain. Over the last decade, a growing literature of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have documented relationships between dMRI indices and cognitive development. In this review, we provide a brief overview of dMRI methods and how they can be used to study white matter and connectivity, briefly discuss challenges with using dMRI in child and adolescent populations, and review the extant literature examining the links between dMRI indices and executive functions during development. We explore the links between white matter microstructure and specific executive functions: inhibition, working memory and cognitive shifting, as well as performance on complex executive function tasks. Where there is concordance in findings across studies, this is highlighted, and potential explanations for discrepancies between results are discussed. Finally, we explore future directions that are necessary to better understand the links between child and adolescent development of executive functions and structural connectivity of the brain.

scholarly journals Diffusion MRI of white matter microstructure development in childhood and adolescence: Methods, challenges and progress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian K. Tamnes ◽  
David R. Roalf ◽  
Anne-Lise Goddings ◽  
Catherine Lebel
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Analysis Quality ◽  
Over Time

AbstractDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) continues to grow in popularity as a useful neuroimaging method to study brain development, and longitudinal studies that track the same individuals over time are emerging. Over the last decade, seminal work using dMRI has provided new insights into the development of brain white matter (WM) microstructure, connections and networks throughout childhood and adolescence. This review provides an introduction to dMRI, both diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and other dMRI models, as well as common acquisition and analysis approaches. We highlight the difficulties associated with ascribing these imaging measurements and their changes over time to specific underlying cellular and molecular events. We also discuss selected methodological challenges that are of particular relevance for studies of development, including critical choices related to image acquisition, image analysis, quality control assessment, and the within-subject and longitudinal reliability of dMRI measurements. Next, we review the exciting progress in the characterization and understanding of brain development that has resulted from dMRI studies in childhood and adolescence, including brief overviews and discussions of studies focusing on sex and individual differences. Finally, we outline future directions that will be beneficial to the field.

scholarly journals Coupled Changes in Brain White Matter Microstructure and Fluid Intelligence in Later Life

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (22) ◽  
pp. 8672-8682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Ritchie ◽  
Mark E. Bastin ◽  
Elliot M. Tucker-Drob ◽  
Susana Muñoz Maniega ◽  
Laura E. Engelhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

Are Anesthesia and Surgery during Infancy Associated with Decreased White Matter Integrity and Volume during Childhood?

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Block ◽  
Vincent A. Magnotta ◽  
Emine O. Bayman ◽  
James Y. Choi ◽  
Joss J. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle

AbstractBackgroundAnesthetics have neurotoxic effects in neonatal animals. Relevant human evidence is limited. We sought such evidence in a structural neuroimaging study.MethodsTwo groups of children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging: patients who, during infancy, had one of four operations commonly performed in otherwise healthy children and comparable, nonexposed control subjects. Total and regional brain tissue composition and volume, as well as regional indicators of white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity), were analyzed.ResultsAnalyses included 17 patients, without potential confounding central nervous system problems or risk factors, who had general anesthesia and surgery during infancy and 17 control subjects (age ranges, 12.3 to 15.2 yr and 12.6 to 15.1 yr, respectively). Whole brain white matter volume, as a percentage of total intracranial volume, was lower for the exposed than the nonexposed group, 37.3 ± 0.4% and 38.9 ± 0.4% (least squares mean ± SE), respectively, a difference of 1.5 percentage points (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.8; P = 0.016). Corresponding decreases were statistically significant for parietal and occipital lobes, infratentorium, and brainstem separately. White matter integrity was lower for the exposed than the nonexposed group in superior cerebellar peduncle, cerebral peduncle, external capsule, cingulum (cingulate gyrus), and fornix (cres) and/or stria terminalis. The groups did not differ in total intracranial, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volumes.ConclusionsChildren who had anesthesia and surgery during infancy showed broadly distributed, decreased white matter integrity and volume. Although the findings may be related to anesthesia and surgery during infancy, other explanations are possible.

White Matter Microstructural Differences in Youth with Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devyn L Cotter ◽  
Anisa Azad ◽  
Ryan P Cabeen ◽  
Mimi S Kim ◽  
Mitchell E Geffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Microstructural Integrity

Abstract Context Gray matter morphology in the prefrontal cortex and subcortical regions, including the hippocampus and amygdala, are affected in youth with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). It remains unclear if white matter connecting these aforementioned brain regions is compromised in youth with CAH. Objective To examine brain white matter microstructure in youth with CAH compared to controls. Design A cross-sectional sample of 23 youths with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (12.9±3.5 year; 61% female) and 33 healthy controls (13.1±2.8 year; 61% female) with 3T multi-shell diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance brain scans. Main Outcome Measures Complementary modeling approaches, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), to examine in vivo white matter microstructure in six white matter tracts that innervate the prefrontal and subcortical regions. Results DTI showed CAH youth had lower fractional anisotropy in both the fornix and stria terminalis, and higher mean diffusivity in the fornix compared to controls. NODDI modeling revealed that CAH youth have a significantly higher orientation dispersion index in the stria terminalis compared to controls. Decreases in white matter microstructural integrity were associated with smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes in CAH youth. Conclusions These patterns of microstructure reflect less restricted water diffusion likely due to less coherency in oriented microstructure. These results suggest that white matter microstructural integrity in the fornix and stria terminalis is compromised and may be an additional related brain phenotype alongside affected hippocampus and amygdala neurocircuitry in individuals with CAH.

scholarly journals The prospective relationship between prehypertension, race, and whole-brain white matter microstructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Allen ◽  
Matthew F. Muldoon ◽  
Peter J. Gianaros ◽  
Julian F. Thayer ◽  
J. Richard Jennings
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

scholarly journals Genetic risk for Alzheimer disease in children: Evidence from early‐life IQ and brain white‐matter microstructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Vinueza‐Veloz ◽  
Carlos Martín‐Román ◽  
María Paulina Robalino‐Valdivieso ◽  
Tonya White ◽  
Steven A. Kushner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure
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