scholarly journals Spatial aggregation in small spring-fed tributaries leads to a potential metapopulation structure in a parasitic fish leech

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROTAKA KATAHIRA ◽  
CHITOSE YAMAZAKI ◽  
SHO FUKUI ◽  
CHRISTOPHER G. AYER ◽  
ITSURO KOIZUMI
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Local Population ◽  
River System ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Mountain River ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Metapopulation Structure ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Northern Japan

SUMMARY Large-bodied ectoparasites are often observed only in low numbers in the field. How such rarely found parasites persist and maintain viable populations has been an intriguing question inadequately addressed. The simplest hypothesis is the existence of distribution hot spots, and another, but not mutually exclusive, possibility is a form of metapopulation structure where local populations are effectively connected via dispersal. In this study, we conducted an intensive epidemiological survey of a piscicolid leech Taimenobdella amurensis to elucidate spatial population structure and potential dispersal of this rarely found parasite. Four years of potential-host screening (n = 20 664) from 28 tributaries and 10 main stem reaches in a mountain river system of Hokkaido, northern Japan, revealed that occurrences of T. amurensis (n = 1348) were confined to spring-fed tributaries. Since most spring-fed tributaries were small (<1 km in length), it would seem to be unlikely for the ectoparasite to form a persistent local population in each tributary. The main host fish was Dolly Varden charr, which is known to disperse among neighbouring tributaries. These findings suggest that, along with the host, the ectoparasite displays a potential metapopulation structure, in which host-dependent dispersion may overcome local extinction by keeping the local populations connected.

Aspects of the Relationships between the Community of Sheikh Abd al-Qurna and Ancient Egyptian Monuments

2020 ◽  
pp. 507-522
Author(s):  
Andrew Bednarski ◽  
Gemma Tully
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Complex Relationships

Epigraphers and archaeologists working in Egypt must navigate a host of complex relationships both on and off site. This chapter explores the multifaceted nature of local Egyptian peoples’ relationships with nearby monuments through the lens of a single case study: the site of Sheikh Abd al-Qurna and its local population, the Qurnawi. Egyptologists have not traditionally sought to incorporate formally the stories and histories of local populations in their studies of pharaonic sites. An increasing blend of social awareness and the desire for social action on the part of both foreign professionals and local activists, however, is pushing Egyptologists to re-evaluate their practices, which, in turn, is moving the discipline in new and positive directions.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical investigation of 'Chamaerops humilis' in the area of Beni Snous (Western of Algeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Nadjat Medjati ◽  
Okkacha Hasnaoui ◽  
Brahim Babali ◽  
Noria Hachemi
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
South West ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
Chamaerops Humilis ◽  
Intestinal Worms

The ethnobotanical potentials of Chamaerops humilis in the Béni Snous region (south-west of Tlemcen, western Algeria) has been studied to know the therapeutic utilities and the practices of the local populations, in order to valorize this resource. A series of ethnobotanical surveys were carried out using a questionnaire on the 3 municipalities of Beni Snous (Beni Bahdel, Azail, and Beni Snous). The frequency of use of Chamaerops humilis in the region of study is closely related to the profile of the investigated people. The results of this study reveal that Chamaerops humilis parts are used for therapeutic purposes by the local population: the heart of stipe as to treat dyspepsia (gastrointestinal attacks, 93.90%), fruits as an antiseptic (70.73%), roots for anemia (36.55%) and intestinal worms (30.10%), while the leaves are often used to treat diabetes (21.62%) and other gastrointestinal disorders (30.1%).

scholarly journals Geographical Gradients of Genetic Diversity and Differentiation among the Southernmost Marginal Populations of Abies sachalinensis Revealed by EST-SSR Polymorphism

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Kitamura ◽  
Kentaro Uchiyama ◽  
Saneyoshi Ueno ◽  
Wataru Ishizuka ◽  
Ikutaro Tsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
Population History ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Abies Sachalinensis ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients

Research Highlights: We detected the longitudinal gradients of genetic diversity parameters, such as the number of alleles, effective number of alleles, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient, and found that these might be attributable to climatic conditions, such as temperature and snow depth. Background and Objectives: Genetic diversity among local populations of a plant species at its distributional margin has long been of interest in ecological genetics. Populations at the distribution center grow well in favorable conditions, but those at the range margins are exposed to unfavorable environments, and the environmental conditions at establishment sites might reflect the genetic diversity of local populations. This is known as the central-marginal hypothesis in which marginal populations show lower genetic variation and higher differentiation than in central populations. In addition, genetic variation in a local population is influenced by phylogenetic constraints and the population history of selection under environmental constraints. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis in relation to Abies sachalinensis, a major conifer species in Hokkaido. Materials and Methods: A total of 1189 trees from 25 natural populations were analyzed using 19 EST-SSR loci. Results: The eastern populations, namely, those in the species distribution center, showed greater genetic diversity than did the western peripheral populations. Another important finding is that the southwestern marginal populations were genetically differentiated from the other populations. Conclusions: These differences might be due to genetic drift in the small and isolated populations at the range margin. Therefore, our results indicated that the central-marginal hypothesis held true for the southernmost A. sachalinensis populations in Hokkaido.

Variation and plasticity of photosynthesis and respiration in local populations of fat-henChenopodium albumin northern Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA HARAGUCHI ◽  
BO LI ◽  
SAWAKO MATSUKI ◽  
OSAMU NAGATA ◽  
JUN-ICHIROU SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Populations ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽  
Northern Japan

scholarly journals Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of a Population with Age Structure and Long-Range Interactions: Synchronization and Clustering

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matvey Kulakov ◽  
E.Ya. Frisman
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Attraction Basin ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Formation Of Groups

The paper proposed a mathematical model for spatio-temporal dynamics of two-age populations coupled by migration living on a two-dimensional areal. The model equation is a system of nonlocal coupled two-dimensional maps. We considered cases when populations are coupled in a certain neighborhood of different form: circle, square or rhombus. Special attention is paid to the situation when the intensity of the migrants flow between the territories decreases with increasing distance between them. For this model we study the conditions for the formation of groups of synchronous populations or clusters that form, in space, typical structures like spots or stripes mixed with solitary states. It is shown that the dynamics, in time, of different clusters may differ significantly and may not be coherent and correspond to several simultaneous multistable regimes or potential states of the local population. Such spatio-temporal regimes are forced and are caused by impacts or perturbations on a single or several populations when their number falls into the attraction basin of another regime. With strong coupling, such clusters are rare and are represented by single outbursts or solitary states. However, the decrease in the coupling strength leads to the fact that these outbursts cause oscillations of their neighbors, and in their neighborhood a cluster of solitary states is formed which is surrounded by subpopulations with a different type of dynamics. It was found that the interaction of different type of clusters leads to the formation of a large number of groups with transitional dynamics that were not described for local populations.

scholarly journals The local populations of the fungus Schizophyllum commune Fr. as drivers of its biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-316
Author(s):  
Sergiy Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

Abstract Changes that occur on the local level can explain the processes on the population level and, at the same time, are the driving force of species adaptation. This manuscript reports data about genetic diversities of the fungus Schizophyllum commune on the level of a local population. Objects of the study were dicarious cultures of S. commune collected from 38 basidiocarps grown on the territory of Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, Lysa Hora Regional Landscape Park and Feofaniya forest parcel (Ukraine). Results showed similarity of genetic variability of S. commune in different local populations. The heterozygote deficiency of some loci that was discovered might have resulted from new forms of allozymes that have not become widespread or due to small population sizes. The degree of differentiation of genes between local studied populations was moderate due to the high flow of genes. The absence of spatial structuration of genotypes is established, and the Mantel test showed a lack of interconnection between the genetic component and the geographical coordinates of the samples. It has been suggested that wind direction and terrain are the factors that influence the genetic structure of local populations.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing of a 900-Year-Old Human Skeleton Supports Two Past Migration Events from the Russian Far East to Northern Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Sato ◽  
Noboru Adachi ◽  
Ryosuke Kimura ◽  
Kazuyoshi Hosomichi ◽  
Minoru Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Population History ◽  
Hla Typing ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Northern Japan

Abstract Recent studies on paleogenomics have reported some Paleolithic and Neolithic genomes that have provided new insights into the human population history in East and Northeast Asia. However, there remain some cases where more recent migration events need to be examined to elucidate the detailed formation process of local populations. Although the area around northern Japan is one of the regions archaeologically suggested to have been affected by migration waves after the Neolithic period, the genetic source of these migrations are still unclear. Thus, genomic data from such past migrant populations would be highly informative to clarify the detailed formation process of local populations in this region. Here, we report the genome sequence of a 900-year-old adult female (NAT002) belonging to the prehistoric Okhotsk people, who have been considered to be the past migrants to northern Japan after the Neolithic period. We found a close relationship between NAT002 and modern Lower Amur populations and past admixture events between the Amur, Jomon, and Kamchatka ancestries. The admixture dating suggested migration of Amur-related ancestry at approximately 1,600 BP, which is compatible with the archaeological evidence regarding the settlement of the Okhotsk people. Our results also imply migration of Kamchatka-related ancestry at approximately 2,000 BP. In addition, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing detected the HLA-B*40 allele, which is reported to increase the risk of arthritis, suggesting the genetic vulnerability of NAT002 to hyperostosis, which was observed around her chest clavicle.

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