scholarly journals Plains lubber grasshopper (Brachystola magna) as a potential intermediate host for Oxyspirura petrowi in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
WHITNEY M. KISTLER ◽  
SABRINA HOCK ◽  
BEATRICE HERNOUT ◽  
EVAN BRAKE ◽  
NIKKI WILLIAMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Colinus Virginianus ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Northern Bobwhites ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Future Work

SUMMARYOxyspirura petrowiis a heteroxenous parasitic nematode that has been reported in high prevalences from birds in the Order Galliformes experiencing population declines in the USA. There is a paucity of information regarding the natural historyO. petrowi, including the life cycle and effects of infection on wild bird populations. In order to study the life cycle of this parasite, we collected plains lubber grasshoppers (Brachystola magna) from a field location in Mitchell County, Texas. We found third-stage larvae (L3) in 37.9% (66/174)B. magna. We determined that they wereO. petrowithrough morphological comparison of L3 from experimentally infectedAcheta domesticusand by sequence analysis. Then, we showed thatB. magnaare a potential intermediate hosts forO. petrowiinfections in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) in a laboratory setting by experimental infection. We first detected shedding of eggs in feces using a fecal float technique 52 days post infection. In addition, we recovered 87O. petrowifrom experimentally infected northern bobwhites. Although we detected shedding in feces, recovery of eggs was low (>5 eggs/g). Future work is needed to understand shedding routes and shedding patterns of northern bobwhites infected withO. petrowi.

scholarly journals Life-cycle of Oxyspirura petrowi (Spirurida: Thelaziidae), an eyeworm of the northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravindan Kalyanasundaram ◽  
Matthew Z. Brym ◽  
Kendall R. Blanchard ◽  
Cassandra Henry ◽  
Kalin Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Colinus Virginianus ◽  
Northern Bobwhite ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Oxyspirura petrowi (Spirurida: Thelaziidae), a heteroxenous nematode of birds across the USA, may play a role in the decline of the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of West Texas. Previous molecular studies suggest that crickets, grasshoppers and cockroaches serve as potential intermediate hosts of O. petrowi, although a complete study on the life-cycle of this nematode has not been conducted thus far. Consequently, this study aims to improve our understanding of the O. petrowi life-cycle by experimentally infecting house crickets (Acheta domesticus) with O. petrowi eggs, feeding infected crickets to bobwhite and assessing the life-cycle of this nematode in both the definitive and intermediate hosts. Methods Oxyspirura petrowi eggs were collected from gravid worms recovered from wild bobwhite and fed to house crickets. The development of O. petrowi within crickets was monitored by dissection of crickets at specified intervals. When infective larvae were found inside crickets, parasite-free pen-raised bobwhite were fed four infected crickets each. The maturation of O. petrowi in bobwhite was monitored through fecal floats and bobwhite necropsies at specified intervals. Results In this study, we were able to infect both crickets (n = 45) and bobwhite (n = 25) with O. petrowi at a rate of 96%. We successfully replicated and monitored the complete O. petrowi life-cycle in vivo, recovering embryonated O. petrowi eggs from the feces of bobwhite 51 days after consumption of infected crickets. All life-cycle stages of O. petrowi were confirmed in both the house cricket and the bobwhite using morphological and molecular techniques. Conclusions This study provides a better understanding of the infection mechanism and life-cycle of O. petrowi by tracking the developmental progress within both the intermediate and definitive host. To our knowledge, this study is the first to fully monitor the complete life-cycle of O. petrowi and may allow for better estimates into the potential for future epizootics of O. petrowi in bobwhite. Finally, this study provides a model for experimental infection that may be used in research examining the effects of O. petrowi infection in bobwhite.

Taeniasis in a German Shepherd Pup: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
B J Thakre ◽  
Joice P Joseph ◽  
Binod Kumar ◽  
Nilima Brahmbhatt ◽  
Krishna Gamit
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Taenia Multiceps ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum

Taenia spp. are long, segmented, parasitic tapeworms and are relatively uncommon in canine gastrointestinal diseases compared to other tapeworms like Dipylidium caninum. These parasites have an indirect life cycle, cycling between definitive and intermediate hosts. Dogs act as definitive hosts of different species of Taenia including Taenia multiceps, Taenia serialis, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, etc. Taenia multiceps is of greatest zoonotic relevance in human. In the definitive host, it causes only mild infection. Larvae are more likely to cause disease than adult tapeworms. Taeniasis in pets should be cautiously handled because of its zoonotic importance. This communication reports a case of 3 months old pup suffering from Taenia infection that was successfully managed with a combination of praziquantel and fenbendazole.

INSTANCE MIGRATION BETWEEN ONTOLOGIES HAVING STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 1127-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAXIM DAVIDOVSKY ◽  
VADIM ERMOLAYEV ◽  
VYACHESLAV TOLOK
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Software Framework ◽  
Ontology Alignment ◽  
Transformation Rules ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Prototype Software ◽  
Descriptive Theories ◽  
Future Work

Ontology instance migration is one of the complex and not fully solved problems in knowledge management. A solution is required when the ontology schema evolves in the life cycle and the assertions have to be transferred to the newer version. The problem may become more complex in distributed settings when, for example, several autonomous software entities use and exchange partial assertional knowledge in a domain that is formalized by different though semantically overlapping descriptive theories. Such an exchange is essentially the migration of the assertional part of an ontology to other ontologies belonging to or used by different entities. The paper presents our method and tool for migrating instances between the ontologies that have structurally different but semantically overlapping schemas. The approach is based on the use of the manually coded transformation rules describing the changes between the input and the output ontologies. The tool is implemented as a plug-in for the ProjectNavigator prototype software framework. The article also reports the results of our three evaluation experiments. In these experiments we evaluated the degree of complexity in the structural changes to which our approach remains valid. We also chose the ontology sets in one of the experiments to make the results comparable with the ontology alignment software. Finally we checked how well our approach scales with the increase of the quantity of the migrated ontology instances to the numbers that are characteristic to industrial ontologies. In our opinion the evaluation results are satisfactory and suggest some directions for the future work.

Chrysomyxa abietis (needle rust of fir).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. abietis is a microcyclic rust fungus; an obligate parasite completing its life cycle on species of Picea (spruce). Only the current year's needles of Picea are infected and those needles are shed early. Reported from northern Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native, and Australia and New Zealand, where they are introduced. Although usually not a significant problem in its native range, because conditions are not favourable for heavy infections every year (Smith et al., 1988; Hansen, 1997), this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected seedlings or young trees.

Research and industrialisation of Hermetia illucens L. in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
J.B. Zhang ◽  
J.K. Tomberlin ◽  
M.M. Cai ◽  
X.P. Xiao ◽  
L.Y. Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Work

The larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens L., are commonly associated with decaying organic wastes. Over the past 15 years, investigators in China have conducted extensive research exploring the use of BSF larvae to recycle organic materials as a means to protect the environment, while producing products of value, such as protein and bioenergy. Initial efforts were based on a BSF strain from the USA. However, since then, H. illucens strains from specimens collected in Hubei and Guangdong Provinces have been established and used as models to explore the use of this species in sustainable agriculture. China has played an instrumental role in developing an in-door breeding method using a quartz-iodine lamp rather than depend on natural sunlight. This discovery has allowed the establishment of in-door BSF colonies in regions throughout the world where abiotic conditions (i.e. cold temperatures) are preventative. Researchers in China paved the way for using microbes as a means to enhance BSF production including, enhancing BSF egg-laying as well as waste reduction. Furthermore, bacteria from BSF gut or waste can be cultured and used to promote BSF growth, shorten conversion time, and enhanced conversion efficacy. Recent efforts have demonstrated BSF larvae can degrade antibiotics as well as suppress noxious odours in livestock manure. Due to the efforts of research on BSF in China, numerous companies that recycle organic waste at a large scale (>20 tonnes waste digested/day), have been established. Resulting products include insect powder, and live BSFL that can be used as animal feed ingredients for livestock (e.g. eels and frogs), while protecting the environment. Future work will decipher the mechanisms regulating BSF larval conversion of organic waste so that the system can be optimised. However, efforts are still needed at the government level to establish quality assurance standards if this process is truly to become established as an industry in China.

Benchmarking industrial engineering programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1194-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Vang-Phuc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Industrial Engineering ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Self Study ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Future Work

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the best practices of industrial engineering (IE) programs that could be learnt and used at other educational institutions. Design/methodology/approach Nine IE programs in the USA are benchmarked using a conceptual framework that considers an educational program as a system consisting of a purpose, a curriculum, resources, and quality processes. The information used in benchmarking is collected from the program self-study reports, course catalogs, and websites which are available on the internet. Findings It is found that in spite of their diversity in history, missions, sizes, and reputations, the studied programs are rather unified in terms of purpose definition, curriculum formation, resource selection, and quality process usage. From the analysis, a template of IE curriculum is proposed. Research limitations/implications As the selection of the studied programs is based on the availability of the information, the findings may not be representative for IE programs in the USA. Future work can aim at comparing IE programs from various countries. Practical implications The findings could be used as benchmarks by IE schools interested in the improvement of operations. Originality/value A conceptual framework for benchmarking is proposed and proves useful for comparing educational programs. The findings represent the current best practices at IE schools in the USA.

scholarly journals Morphobiological characteristics of trematode cercariae of the families Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
О. M. Bonina ◽  
Е. А. Serbina
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Bithynia Tentaculata ◽  
Morphobiological Characteristics

The results of studying the body structure of trematode cercariae of the families Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae and the features of their development in Western Siberia are presented. The data of long-term (1994–2019) studies on the spread of these pathogens of dangerous parasitic diseases in humans and animals are analyzed and summarized. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods in parasitology and hydrobiology. The species affi  liation of trematodes was determined in laboratory conditions on mature cercariae that independently left the shells of the host mollusks Bithynia tentaculata and B. troscheli. It was noted that the trematodes of the Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae families at the cercaria stage have the following similar features: a simple tail, pigmented eyes, and one oral sucking cup. Diagnosis of trematode cercariae of Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae families is possible by the following signs: the tail of the opisthorchis cercaria has a swimming membrane and is 2 times longer than the body, the tail of the notocotylid has no swimming membrane and is approximately equal in length to the body. Opisthor-chis cercariae have two pigment eyes, notocotilids – three. In the life cycle of opisthorchis, there are two intermediate hosts (bitinia and fi  sh), in the notocotylid cycle, one (bitinia). Opisthorchis cercariae have penetration glands, but notocotylids do not; the maximum daily emission of opisthorchis cercariae is ten times higher than that of notocotylids (6672 and 422 cercariae, respectively). The ability to diagnose opisthorchis and notocotilid at the cercaria stage allows the identifi cation of local foci of epidemiologically and epizootically dangerous diseases.

Life cycle studies on two Digenea, Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) and Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae), in geckonid lizards from Indonesia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray J. Kennedy ◽  
L. M. Killick ◽  
M. Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Pulmonate Gastropod ◽  
First Intermediate Host

Life cycle studies of Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) were attempted experimentally. The pulmonate gastropod Lamellaxis gracilis served as the first intermediate host; geckonid lizards (Cosymbotus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata, and Hemidactylus frenatus) served as definitive hosts. The life cycle of Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae) was studied in naturally infected first intermediate hosts (L. gracilis, Huttonella bicolor) and experimentally in geckonid definitive hosts (C. platyurus, G. mutilata, and H. frenatus). Some naturally infected L. gracilis were infected concurrently with larval stages of both digeneans. Second intermediate hosts, presumed to be arthropods, were experimentally unnecessary. Metacercariae of P. geckonum were not found. Cercariae of M. sociale formed encysted metacercariae in the same individual snails.

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