scholarly journals Occurrence and genetic diversity of piroplasms and other apicomplexa in wild carnivores

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. BARANDIKA ◽  
A. ESPÍ ◽  
B. OPORTO ◽  
A. DEL CERRO ◽  
M. BARRAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Pcr Targeting

SUMMARYTick-borne apicomplexan haemoparasites infect wild and domestic animals, but studies on their distribution among free-living animals are comparatively fewer. Tissues from 241 wild carnivores of eight Mustelidae, two Canidae, one Viverridae and one Felidae species were collected in Northern Spain, and analysed by real-time PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene and sequencing.Babesia vulpes(formerly known asTheileria annae) was the only piroplasm detected in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Badgers (Meles meles) were shown to harbour two novelBabesiasp. sequence types (A and B) that only shared 96.7% homology between them and were closely related (ca. 97–98%) to, but distinct fromB. vulpesand other babesia from carnivores. Analysis of PCR-derived sequences also revealed the presence ofCystoisosporasp. andHepatozoonsp. in badgers and showed that wild cats (Felis silvestris catus) were infected withCytauxzoonsp. Forty-two per cent of the animals subjected to a detailed external examination were parasitized by ixodid ticks, beingIxodes hexagonusandIxodes ricinusthe most abundant species. This study provided novel data on the different haemoparasites that can infect European wild carnivores and showed that they can be hosts for a range of haemoparasites and pose a potential risk for transmission to domestic animals.

scholarly journals Genomic Profiling for Piroplasms in Feeding Ixodid Ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Olusesan Adeyemi Adelabu ◽  
Benson Chuks Iweriebor ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh ◽  
Larry Chikwelu Obi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Eastern Cape

Importation of tick-infected animals and the uncontrollable migration of birds and wild animals across borders can lead to geographical expansion and redistribution of ticks and pathogen vectors, thus leading to the emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals. Comparatively, little is known about the occurrence of piroplasms in ixodid ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, thus necessitating this study, which is aimed at detecting piroplasms (Theileria and Babesia) from feeding tick samples collected from cattle, sheep, and goats in selected sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A total of 1200 feeding ixodid ticks collected from farm animals at selected homesteads were first subjected to molecular identification using mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene by PCR and were further tested for the presence of piroplasms through amplification of the 18S rRNA gene via nested-PCR followed by sequencing of the PCR products. The results indicated that 853 (71.1%) corresponded to the genus Rhipicephalus, 335 (27.9%) corresponded to genus Amblyomma, and 12 (1%) corresponded to genus Haemaphysalis. Amblyomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were the most common identified ticks from this study. The 18S rRNA nested-PCR revealed that 44 (3.7%) samples were confirmed positive for Theileria. A homology search for the generated sequences revealed a high percentage identity of 98–98.9% similarity to T. buffeli, T. orientalis, and T. sergenti in the GenBank. Based on the results obtained herein, we conclude that there is a big diversity of Theileria species; therefore, we suggest that this research should cover more geographical areas in order to reveal the true prevalence of this pathogen in the studied area because this will be a great step in the possible prevention of an outbreak that could have devastating effects on livestock production and human health in both the studied areas and South Africa at large.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Equine Piroplasms Using Multiplex PCR and First Genetic Characterization of Theileria haneyi in Egypt

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Bassma S. M. Elsawy ◽  
Ahmed M. Nassar ◽  
Heba F. Alzan ◽  
Raksha V. Bhoora ◽  
Sezayi Ozubek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
First Time

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is an infectious disease caused by the hemoprotozoan parasites Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, and the recently identified species T. haneyi. Hereby, we used a multiplex PCR (mPCR) targeting the 18S rRNA gene of T. equi and B. caballi for the simultaneous detection of EP in Egyptian equids and examined the presence of T. haneyi infections in Egypt. Blood samples from 155 equids (79 horses and 76 donkeys) collected from different governorates of Egypt were examined by mPCR and PCR targeting T. hayeni. The mPCR method revealed a prevalence of T. equi of 20.3% in horses and of 13.1% in donkeys and a prevalence of B. caballi of 1.2% in horses. B. caballi was not detected in donkeys in the current study. The mPCR method also detected coinfections with both species (2.5% and 1.3% in horses and donkeys, respectively). Additionally, we report the presence of T. haneyi in Egypt for the first time in 53.1% of the horse and 38.1% of the donkey tested samples. Coinfection with T. haneyi and T. equi was found in 13.5% of the samples, while infection with the three EP species was found in 1.9% of the samples.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Eurytrema coelomaticum in cattle from Paraná, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Freire Figueira ◽  
Victor Henrique Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfieri ◽  
Selwyn Arlington Headley
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Bovine Pancreas

This study investigated the occurrence of Eurytremaspp. in cattle by analysis of the partial 18S rRNA gene sequence. Trematodes from 44 bovine pancreas were collected and classified based on typical morphological features. PCR assay and sequence analyses of amplified products confirmed that the trematodes classified as Eurytrema coelomaticum were phylogenetically distinct from those identified as E. pancreaticum. The results of this study represent the first molecular characterization of E. coelomaticum within the Americas, and provide an efficient method to differentiate digenean trematodes of domestic animals.

scholarly journals Eutylenchus excretorius Ebsary & Eveleigh, 1981 (Nematoda: Tylodorinae) from Spain with approaches to molecular phylogeny of related genera

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia Liébanas ◽  
Juan Palomares-Rius ◽  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Sergei Subbotin ◽  
Blanca Landa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Majority Consensus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phragmites Sp

AbstractNematode surveys in indigenous vegetation in northern Spain revealed the presence of a nematode population of the genus Eutylenchus associated with moist sandy soils in the rhizosphere of common reed (Phragmites sp.) on the banks of the Tera river in Garray (Soria province). Morphological and morphometrical studies on this population fits with Eutylenchus excretorius, representing the first report for Spain and southern Europe and the fifth report in Europe after Germany, Poland, Czech Republic and Russia. SEM studies were carried out for the first time on this species and showed four lips separated by deep grooves. Each lip bears an elongated, flexible, recurved projection (seta) 12 (11-13) μm long, proximal third wide, gradually attenuating, distal end rounded. Molecular characterisation of E. excretorius using several genes is provided. The sequence of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene of this population was identical to a previously studied sample from Germany. Phylogenetic analysis using D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of tylenchid nematodes revealed that E. excretorius clustered with moderate support with Cephalenchus hexalineatus. The position of E. excretorius on majority consensus Bayesian phylogenetic tree reconstructed using heat shock protein 90 gene sequence was not well resolved.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in sewage from an urban area in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins ◽  
Winni Alves Ladeia ◽  
Roberta dos Santos Toledo ◽  
João Luis Garcia ◽  
Italmar Teodorico Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Cryptosporidium and Giardia are protozoan parasites that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Molecular characterization of these pathogens in sewage may provide insight on their occurrence and prevalence in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in raw and treated sewage from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Samples were collected every two weeks during a year. Samples were concentrated, then DNA was extracted and subjected to a nested PCR targeting the Giardia 18S rRNA gene and the Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA gene. Species of Cryptosporidium were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). All raw sewage and 76% of the treated sewage were positive for Giardia; 84% of raw sewage samples and 8% of treated sewage were positive for Cryptosporidium. C. muris, C. hominis, C. baileyi, C. parvum and C. suis were detected in 100%, 19%, 9%, 9% and 4% of raw sewage, respectively. C. muris was the only species found in treated sewage. Multiple species of Cryptosporidium were present in 19.04% of the raw sewage. Treated sewage water can pose a threat to human health. The speciation of Cryptosporidium revealed the presence of non-common zoonotic species as C. suis and C. muris.

scholarly journals First report on detection of Babesia spp. in confiscated Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 2380-2385
Author(s):  
Rungrueang Yodsheewan ◽  
Manakorn Sukmak ◽  
Bencharong Sangkharak ◽  
Nongnid Kaolim ◽  
Raveewan Ploypan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Babesia Spp

Background and Aim: The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) is on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (critically endangered) due to high levels of illegal trafficking for its products. Thailand is one of the habitats of this species, and it has become the main hub for its illegal trafficking. Rehabilitating these captive pangolins and reintroducing them back to the wild are challenging due to the limited knowledge on their diet, management, and diseases. Hemoparasites, including Babesia spp., can cause important protozoal infections in both domestic and wild animals, resulting in the failure of rehabilitation and conservation programs. However, Babesia spp. has not been reported in pangolins. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Babesia spp. in the Sunda pangolin of Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 128 confiscated Sunda pangolins from across different regions in Thailand were investigated. These pangolins had been admitted to a regional Wildlife Quarantine Center for rehabilitation before release in the forest. Routine physical examinations were conducted on the animals. We collected blood samples from each pangolin for hematological analysis and to detect Babesia spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the partial 18s rRNA gene. Results: Babesia-specific PCR detected 53 animals (41.4%) that were positive for Babesia spp. Blood smears were obtained from the positive samples and investigated under a light microscope to observe for trophozoites of Babesia spp. Examination of 40 PCR-positive and -negative samples found no significant differences between the hematological parameters of Babesia-positive and Babesia-negative samples. Eight PCR-positive samples were randomly selected and their DNA was sequenced. Seven and one of sequences match uncharacterized Babesia spp. with 100% and 99.2% similarity, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that our samples form a unique monophyletic clade along with other Babesia spp. detected in the wild. This clade is clearly separated from other Babesia spp. from small carnivores, ruminants, and rats. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence of infection of Sunda pangolins in Thailand by Babesia spp. These pangolins originated from different regions and had not lived together before blood collection. Thus, we suggest that the uncharacterized Babesia spp. found in this study constitute a new group of pangolin-specific Babesia spp. The prevalence of the uncharacterized Babesia spp. was not correlated to pangolin health. Further studies are required to characterize the genomes and phenotypes, including the morphology and pathogenicity of these protozoa. Such information will be helpful for the conservation and health management of the Sunda pangolin.

scholarly journals The Cryptosporidium “Mouse” Genotype Is Conserved across Geographic Areas

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1302-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Una M. Morgan ◽  
Anthony P. Sturdee ◽  
Grant Singleton ◽  
M. Soledad Gomez ◽  
Mercedes Gracenea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Mus Domesticus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Mouse Genotype ◽  
Wild House Mice

A 298-bp region of the Cryptosporidium parvum 18S rRNA gene and a 390-bp region of the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase gene were sequenced for a range of Cryptosporidium isolates from wild house mice (Mus domesticus), a bat (Myotus adversus), and cattle from different geographical areas. Previous research has identified a distinct genotype, referred to as the “mouse”-derived Cryptosporidium genotype, common to isolates from Australian mice. Comparison of a wider range of Australian mouse isolates with United Kingdom and Spanish isolates from mice and cattle and also an Australian bat-derived Cryptosporidium isolate revealed that the “mouse” genotype is conserved across geographic areas. Mice are also susceptible to infection with the “cattle”Cryptosporidium genotype, which has important implications for their role as reservoirs of infection for humans and domestic animals.

scholarly journals Zoonotic Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Wild Living Invasive and Native Carnivores in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Perec-Matysiak ◽  
Kinga Leśniańska ◽  
Katarzyna Buńkowska-Gawlik ◽  
Dorota Merta ◽  
Marcin Popiołek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Wild carnivores, both introduced and native species, are able to adapt well to peri-urban environments, facilitating cross-species pathogen transmission with domestic animals, and potentially humans. The role of wild living reservoir hosts cannot be ignored because of their known carriage of E. bieneusi zoonotic genotypes. In the past decades, populations of wild living carnivores, i.e., native, such as red foxes, and invasive, such as raccoon dogs and raccoons, have increased and adapted to synanthropic environments across Europe, including Poland. The knowledge concerning E. bieneusi genotype identification and distribution in wild carnivores is limited worldwide. A total of 322 individual fecal samples from six carnivore species, i.e., raccoon, raccoon dog, red fox, European badger, pine and beech martens, were collected and then analysed for the presence of E. bieneusi using the nested PCR method. Overall prevalence of the pathogen was estimated to be as high as 27.3%. The infection rates for E. bieneusi varied between the carnivore species, from 13.7% in beech martens to 40.4% in raccoon dogs. Based on sequence analysis of the ITS region of the rRNA gene marker, we detected five known genotypes of E. bieneusi in examined animals. In the invasive species, E. bieneusi NCF2 and D genotypes have been identified, whereas in the native ones, E. bieneusi NCF2, D, C, EbCar2 and Type IV genotypes were identified. All E. bieneusi genotypes recorded in this survey clustered in Group 1, showing their zoonotic potential. Our results provide the first description of the occurrence and genotypes of the microsporidian E. bieneusi in wild living population of raccoon dogs in Europe. Our findings are important for the study of pathogen epidemiology and emphasize the fact that the invasive and the native wild living carnivores, both widely distributed, should be considered more seriously as significant sources of zoonotic pathogens hazardous to domestic and farmed animals and humans.

Detection of Babesia DNA in blood and spleen samples from Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in Scotland

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL M. BARTLEY ◽  
CARI WILSON ◽  
ELISABETH A. INNES ◽  
FRANK KATZER
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Initial Sequence ◽  
Babesia Annae ◽  
Distinct Sequence ◽  
Sequence Types

SUMMARYBabesia are intraerythrocytic parasites of importance worldwide within the fields of human and veterinary medicine, as some Babesia sp., including Babesia microti are potentially zoonotic and can cause fatal disease in both humans and animals. The aims of this study were to use a nested PCR (amplifying the 18S rRNA gene) to determine the presence and species of Babesia parasite DNA found in blood (n = 47) and spleen (n = 47) samples collected from Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in Scotland. The results showed 28/47 (59·6%) blood and 14/47 (29·8%) spleen samples tested positive for the presence of Babesia DNA. Initial sequence analysis of the Babesia DNA identified three distinct sequence types (submitted to GenBank KX528553, KX528554 and KX528555), which demonstrated ⩾99% identity to Babesia sp. parasites previously identified in badgers in Spain (KT223484 and KT223485). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the three isolates are closely related to Babesia annae, B. microti and other Piroplasmida species found in wildlife. Further sequence analysis of the samples demonstrated that the badgers were routinely infected with more than one parasite isolate and there was also evidence of genetic recombination between the Babesia parasite isolates (submitted to GenBank KY250472 – KY250477)

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