scholarly journals Genomic Profiling for Piroplasms in Feeding Ixodid Ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Olusesan Adeyemi Adelabu ◽  
Benson Chuks Iweriebor ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh ◽  
Larry Chikwelu Obi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Eastern Cape

Importation of tick-infected animals and the uncontrollable migration of birds and wild animals across borders can lead to geographical expansion and redistribution of ticks and pathogen vectors, thus leading to the emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals. Comparatively, little is known about the occurrence of piroplasms in ixodid ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, thus necessitating this study, which is aimed at detecting piroplasms (Theileria and Babesia) from feeding tick samples collected from cattle, sheep, and goats in selected sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A total of 1200 feeding ixodid ticks collected from farm animals at selected homesteads were first subjected to molecular identification using mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene by PCR and were further tested for the presence of piroplasms through amplification of the 18S rRNA gene via nested-PCR followed by sequencing of the PCR products. The results indicated that 853 (71.1%) corresponded to the genus Rhipicephalus, 335 (27.9%) corresponded to genus Amblyomma, and 12 (1%) corresponded to genus Haemaphysalis. Amblyomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were the most common identified ticks from this study. The 18S rRNA nested-PCR revealed that 44 (3.7%) samples were confirmed positive for Theileria. A homology search for the generated sequences revealed a high percentage identity of 98–98.9% similarity to T. buffeli, T. orientalis, and T. sergenti in the GenBank. Based on the results obtained herein, we conclude that there is a big diversity of Theileria species; therefore, we suggest that this research should cover more geographical areas in order to reveal the true prevalence of this pathogen in the studied area because this will be a great step in the possible prevention of an outbreak that could have devastating effects on livestock production and human health in both the studied areas and South Africa at large.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization ofCryptosporidiumspp. in Wild Rodents of Southwestern Iran Using 18s rRNA Gene Nested-PCR-RFLP and Sequencing Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasem Saki ◽  
Masoud Foroutan-Rad ◽  
Reza Asadpouri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Background. Rodents could act as reservoir forCryptosporidiumspp. speciallyC. parvum, a zoonotic agent responsible for human infections. Since there is no information aboutCryptosporidiuminfection in rodents of Ahvaz city, southwest of Iran, hence, this survey was performed to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization ofCryptosporidiumspp. in this region.Materials and Methods. One hundred rodents were trapped from different regions of Ahvaz city. Intestine contents and fecal specimens of rodents were studied using both microscopy examination to identify oocyst and nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for 18s rRNA gene detection. Eventually restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method usingSspIandVspIrestriction enzymes was carried out to genotype the species and then obtained results were sequenced.Results. Three out of 100 samples were diagnosed as positive and overall prevalence ofCryptosporidiumspp. was 3% using both modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining under light microscope and nested-PCR (830 bp) methods. Afterwards, PCR-RFLP was performed on positive samples andC. parvumpattern was identified. Finally PCR-RFLP findings were sequenced and presence ofC. parvumwas confirmed again.Conclusions. Our study showed rodents could be potential reservoir forC. parvum. So an integrated program for control and combat with them should be adopted and continued.

A new semi-nested PCR protocol to amplify large 18S rRNA gene fragments for PCR-DGGE analysis of soil fungal communities

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miruna Oros-Sichler ◽  
Newton C.M. Gomes ◽  
Gabriele Neuber ◽  
Kornelia Smalla
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dgge Analysis

Diversity and distribution of nematodes associated with terrestrial slugs in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Ross ◽  
E.S. Ivanova ◽  
W.F. Sirgel ◽  
A.P. Malan ◽  
M.J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Three New Species

AbstractA survey of nematodes associated with native and introduced species of terrestrial slugs was conducted in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, in order to gather new data regarding diversity and distribution. A total of 521 terrestrial slugs were collected from 35 localities throughout the Western Cape. All slugs were dissected and examined for the presence of internal nematodes. Extracted nematodes were identified using a combination of molecular (18S rRNA gene sequencing) and morphological techniques. Nematodes were found parasitizing slugs at 14 of the 35 sites examined, amounting to 40% of sample sites. Of all slugs, 6% were infected with nematodes. A total of seven species of nematode were identified in the province, includingAgfa flexilis,Angiostomasp.,Phasmarhabditissp. SA1,Phasmarhabditissp. SA2,Caenorhabditis elegans,Panagrolaimussp. andRhabditissp. Of these species, four were thought to be parasitic to slugs (A. flexilis, Angiostomasp.,Phasmarhabditissp. SA1 andPhasmarhabditissp. SA2), as opposed to forming necromenic or phoretic associations. Three new species of slug-parasitic nematode were identified during this study (Angiostomasp.,Phasmarhabditissp. SA1 andPhasmarhabditissp. SA2).

scholarly journals First molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium from three different points of two main rivers in Kuantan, Malaysia using 18S rRNA gene nested PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Aiman Barudin ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Lokman Md Isa ◽  
Noratikah Othman ◽  
Afzan Mat Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene

scholarly journals Ticks on pastures and on two breeds of cattle in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkululeko Nyangiwe ◽  
Sindisile Goni ◽  
Louis P. Hervé-Claude ◽  
Inga Ruddat ◽  
Ivan G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Nguni Cattle ◽  
Questing Ticks

Many studies on the population dynamics of questing ticks on pastures and of parasitic ticks on cattle have been conducted. Few, however, have attempted to link the two in a single study. This study aimed to assess the population dynamics of questing ixodid ticks on pastures and of adult ticks on two breeds of cattle with different levels of susceptibility to tick infestation on the same pastures. Between January 2005 and December 2009 questing ixodid ticks were collected monthly from natural pastures at the Döhne Agricultural Development Institute and at the adjacent Campagna Production System in the Amahlathi District, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Between February 2007 and January 2010 adult ticks were collected monthly from Bonsmara and Nguni cattle grazing these pastures. Ten tick species were collected from the pastures and 12 from the cattle. Significantly more questing larvae of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus decoloratus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus microplus were recovered from the pastures grazed by Bonsmara cattle than from those grazed by Nguni cattle (p ≤ 0.05). Significantly more adult Hyalomma rufipes, Rhipicephalus follis, R. appendiculatus, R. decoloratus, R. evertsi evertsi and R. microplus were collected from the Bonsmara cattle than from the Nguni cattle (p ≤ 0.05). The study showed that Nguni cattle are less susceptible to tick infestation than are Bonsmara cattle and fewer questing ticks are collected from pastures grazed by Nguni cattle than by Bonsmara cattle.

scholarly journals Sequence heterogeneity in the 18S rRNA gene within Theileria equi and Babesia caballi from horses in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raksha Bhoora ◽  
Linda Franssen ◽  
Marinda C. Oosthuizen ◽  
Alan J. Guthrie ◽  
Erich Zweygarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Sequence Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Natural hosts of the larvae of Nuttalliella sp. (N. namaqua?) (Acari: Nuttalliellidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan G. Horak ◽  
Heike Lutermann ◽  
Katarina Medger ◽  
Dmitry A. Apanaskevich ◽  
Conrad A. Matthee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Murid Rodents ◽  
Northern Cape

The first collection of unengorged and fully engorged larvae of Nuttalliella sp. (N. namaqua?) from the murid rodents Micaelamys namaquensis, Aethomys chrysophilus and Acomys spinosissimus in Limpopo Province and from M. namaquensis in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa, is documented. A total of nine larvae were collected from two M. namaquensis in the Soutpansberg mountain range in the Limpopo Province during April 2009. During the last week of September 2011, 221 larvae were collected from rodents at the same locality and 10 of 48 M. namaquensis, 6 of 12 Ae. chrysophilus and 3 of 14 Ac. spinosissimus were infested. One of the M. namaquensis harboured 53 larvae. Five larvae were collected from two M. namaquensis in the Northern Cape Province. Total genomic DNA was extracted from two larvae and a region of the 18S rRNA gene was sequenced for these. BLASTn searches revealed similarity between these specimens and the Nuttalliella sequences published on GenBank.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium xiaoi in goat kids in Bangladesh by nested PCR amplification of 18S rRNA gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMAM Zonaed Siddiki ◽  
Sohana Akter Mina ◽  
Zinat Farzana ◽  
Bibi Ayesa ◽  
Rasel Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium genotypes in children and calves living at the wildlife or livestock interface of the Kruger National Park, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Abu Samra ◽  
Ferran Jori ◽  
Simone M. Cacciò ◽  
John Frean ◽  
Bhavani Poonsamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Cryptosporidium infection is one of the most common causes of parasitic diarrhoea worldwide in cattle and humans. In developing countries, human cryptosporidiosis is most prevalent during early childhood and links between zoonotic infection and animal related activities have been demonstrated. This study investigated the prevalence and species/genotype distribution of Cryptosporidium among children (< 5 years) and calves (< 6 months) living in a rural farming area adjacent to the Kruger National Park in South Africa, where interactions between humans and wild and domestic animals are known to occur. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 8/143 stool samples of children recruited within the hospital system (5.6%; 95% CI 2.4%, 10.7%) and in 2/352 faecal samples of calves (0.6%; 95% CI 0.1%, 2.0%) using the modified Ziehl–Neelsen (MZN) staining technique. Microscopy positive samples from children were further analysed by PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene and identified as Cryptosporidium hominis (3/4) and Cryptosporidium meleagridis (1/4). Regardless of the microscopy outcome, randomly selected samples (n = 36) from calves 0–4 months of age were amplified and sequenced at the 18S rRNA gene using nested PCR. Two calves tested positive (5.6%; 95% CI 1.7%, 18.7%), and revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium bovis. The detection of only two zoonotic species (C. parvum in one calf and C. meleagridis in one child) suggests that zoonotic cryptosporidiosis is not currently widespread in our study area; however, the potential exists for amplification of transmission in an immunocompromised population.Keywords: Cryptosporidium; children; calves; South Africa; genotyping; GP60 subtyping

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