Kicking the Crusaders out of the Caucasus: Deconstructing the 200-Year-Old Meme that the Khevsurs Descended from a Lost Band of Medieval Knights

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ryan Michael Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Appropriation ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Internet Discussion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Abstract The region of Khevsureti in Georgia is the historic home of a group of Kartvelian highlanders known as Khevsurs. As Khevsureti’s popularity as a mountain tourist destination has grown, so too has the popularity of an old story that asserts the Khevsurs are the descendants of a lost band of Crusaders. For 200 years, this meme has manifested itself in books about the region, newspaper articles, the work of a few scholars, and now much Internet discussion. The growing collection of cases has created the illusion of an unconsolidated quantity of evidence and many commentators have since taken the story to be a credible theory or actual legend. A systematic deconstruction and analysis of this story shows how this set of details initially formed, grew, and spread based on a few unreliable accounts in circulation beginning in the early 19th century. This article offers a case study of how such memes form and propagate; it provides an additional example of a Western tendency to romanticize and project elements of their own ethnicities into the Caucasus; and it examines this false history in terms of cultural appropriation and the relationship between ethnicity and narrative, adding to the literature on invented histories and pseudoarchaeology. Finally, this careful deconstruction and repudiation will help remove this story from serious discussions of cultural heritage in Khevsureti and show how historical memes and popular examples of pseudoarcheology spread and capture imaginations.

Restoration of monuments and tourism

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Vjekoslav Vierda
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Financial Aid ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Protection And Renewal

The article considers the relationship between renewal of monuments and tourism from the aspect of a mutual experience of the future cultural historical monuments, as a part of a nation’s total cultural heritage and as one of the most important preconditions for tourism development. Renewal of monuments is partly aimed at increasing the attractiveness of the tourism offer; at the same time it displays the relationship of a given tourist destination towards a country’s cultural heritage and surroundings, and is a part of real tourism trends. The mutual relationship between renewal of monuments and tourism is considered through two aspects: 1. Renewal of monuments as a precondition for securing a tourist attraction i. e. a monument which is already a tourist attraction, monument renewal as a condition for increasing the attractiveness of the same, and 2. Renewal of monuments as a tourist attraction sui generis, where the scheme of renewal attached to the monument’s attractiveness is given as the initial theme, i.e. means of collecting financial aid for renewal, while a second theme considers the renewal as an attraction sui generis through all phases to finishing the renewal and introducing the monument. Finally, the article gives suggestions on how to organize co-operation between institutions responsible for tourism, i.e. for the protection and renewal of monuments.

scholarly journals Relasi Antara Investor Pariwisata Dengan Masyarakat Lokal Di Desa Pakraman Laplapan Desa Petulu Kecamatan Ubud

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
I Ketut Agus Gita Suprapta ◽  
I Gusti Agung Oka Mahagangga
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Middle Zone ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The research titled is "relationship between tourism investors and lokal communities in Desa Pakraman Laplapan Petulu Village (Case Study Social Conflict)", purpose to understand the relationship undertaken by tourism investors with lokal communities that happened in the Ubud tourist destination. Data were collected through observation, interview and literature study. Infoman taken by purposive, which determine the informan with a certain considerations that are considered able to provide data to the maximum in accordance with the criteria of the research objectives. The collected data were analyzed descriptively qualitative. An important concept in the study include the concept of Typology Relations Styling in 3 Zone which consists of the outer zone, the middle zone and center zone. The results of this study indicate that, Desa Pakraman Laplapan as a region lies in the outer zone. Relationships that lived between tourism investors and lokal communities in Desa Pakraman Laplapan patterned conflictual. This pattern is shown by the regulation provided by the lokal community to tourism investors who are less rational. As for the view of the conflict is a way to snatch for limited resources. And one of them is the economic resource owned by the investor. Styling tourism investor relations with the lokal community in Desa Pakraman Laplapan has been sticking to the surface of the endless conflict. In this case, the farmer must make good relationship with tourism investors because it would help to farmers.   Keywords: Relationship, Investors, Lokal Communities, Conflict

scholarly journals Comprehensive approach to the restoration of historical and cultural monuments (example of the mansion of A. A. Polovtsov)

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Petr Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Reinforced Masonry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Mansion

The article deals with the problems of restoration design and study of cultural heritage objects that have a long history of existence and operation since the first half of the 19th century. The main aspects faced by researchers of monuments in our time are listed. The list of problems that designers face when studying such objects in St. Petersburg is given. A small dive into the technology of historical development for 250-300 years in St. Petersburg is made. The features of historic masonry and reinforced masonry structures are discussed. In particular, the problems of the state of brickwork walls of cultural heritage monuments of the early 19th century are listed. As a result, it can be stated that the technical and technological difficulties of restoration and the most problematic objects in the design were left to the current generation. We can also say that the current community of restoration designers, to a greater extent, does not take into account many factors that affect the integrity and load-bearing capacity of masonry historical walls. Using the example of a cultural heritage object - the building of the mansion of A. A. Polovtsov, the stages of design of restoration work and analysis of the result obtained and forced corrections after detailed restoration implementation in the structure during its restoration and conservation are given.

scholarly journals The Border Protection and Sea Defense in the South Viet Nam of the Nguyen Dynasty in the First Half of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4160-4179
Author(s):  
Luu Van Quyet ◽  
Vo Van Sen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Anh Nguyet ◽  
Vo Phuc Toan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
National Defense ◽  
The South ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

From distant past to present day, the Southern region has been playing an important role in national defense and foreign affairs, with great potential to create a breakthrough for the socioeconomic development of Vietnam. However, due to historical conditions and geographical location, political instabilities were frequently seen in the Southern region under the rule of the Nguyen lords and the early Nguyen Dynasty (early 19th century), especially the instability of the relationship between three feudal countries: Dai Viet (Vietnam), Chenla (Cambodia) and Siam (Thailand) from the 17th century to the first half of the 19th century. In its Southern defense strategy to prevent Siamese invasions and maintain its position as the "protector" of Chenla as well as to develop the new land, the Nguyen Dynasty focused on building border defense formation on land and sea in the South, with the defense system on the border area of Chau Doc, Ha Tien and the Southwestern sea in the Gulf of Thailand as the focus. The Nguyen Dynasty's proper implementation of policies in the border and sea areas had brought great effects and contributed to the strong protection of Dai Viet's sovereignty over the Southern land.

scholarly journals Mempertegas Kembali Arah Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Dony Handriawan
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The historical development of the Arabic language in Indonesia can not be separated from the spread of Islam which is the most dominant followed by Indonesian society itself. This has an impact on the development of Arabic learning today, that look is still far from the expected. It seems that view of the cultural and religious patterns of Indonesia in the early 19th century that are still at the level of mythic and theological, less positive effect on the future of Arabic learning in today’s contemporary world. How is the relationship between religion and its influence on the development of the Arabic language, especially in Indonesia will be described in this paper? By using the theory of van Peursen culture and Comte as theoretical analysis, the author tries to find a possible alternative solution of some negative effects in the mythic dimensions of such view, by emphasizing the positive aspects.

scholarly journals From Religious Belief to Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism: A Case Study of Mazu Belief

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4229
Author(s):  
Dan Yao ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Rob Law ◽  
Mu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Revisit Intention ◽  
The Relationship

Mazu belief was recognized by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as the Intangible cultural heritage of Humanity in 2009, which is China’s first world-class folklore intangible cultural heritage. More than 5000 Mazu temples and 200 million tourists who believe in Mazu can be found worldwide. The aim of the study was to take Meizhou Island as a case study to understand the relationships among tourists’ perceived value, place attachment, and revisit intention. In total, 424 tourists in Meizhou Island were surveyed and structural equation modeling was performed to test such relationships. Results show that tourists’ perceived value has a significant positive impact on place attachment (p < 0.05), which in turn has a significant positive impact on revisit intention (p < 0.05). The results of bootstrap test show that the confidence intervals are (0.001, 0.328), (0.147, 0.425), (0.058, 0.396), (0.092, 0.408), respectively, which do not contain 0. Therefore, place attachment acts as a complete intermediary in the relationship between tourism resources and service value, social value, cost value, and revisit intention. The confidence interval of the direct effect of cultural value and revisit intention is (0.193, 0.501), which does not contain 0, indicating that place attachment acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between cultural value and revisit intention. Findings of this study would be of use to readers of cultural tourism.

scholarly journals The Influence of Tourists’ Experience on Destination Loyalty: A Case Study of Hue City, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8889
Author(s):  
Vo Viet Hung ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Dey ◽  
Zuzana Vaculcikova ◽  
Le Trieu Hoang Anh
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Destination Loyalty ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Tourist Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research focuses on the impact of the tourist experience on the relationship among destination image, tourist motivation, and tourist satisfaction on destination loyalty by examining the theoretical and empirical evidence on the causal relationship between constructs. A research model was proposed, in which nine hypotheses were developed, and the empirical data were collected from Hue city, which is a major tourist destination in Vietnam. A total of 204 questionnaires were returned, and the data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The moderating effect of the tourist experience on the impact of the destination image, tourist motivation, and tourist satisfaction on destination loyalty is analyzed in this article. The proposed conceptual model was tested, and the results reveal a significant relationship between the two constructs to destination loyalty (destination image and tourist satisfaction). Furthermore, the findings support the proposed destination loyalty model: destination image, tourist satisfaction directly influenced destination loyalty, and tourist experience play an important role as a moderator in the relationship between tourist motivation and tourist loyalty.

The Response of African Americans to Lindbergh's Flight to Paris

Prospects ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 375-398
Author(s):  
Mark Helbling
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
The World ◽  
Dialectical Tension

On May 21, 1927, at 10:24 p.m., Charles Lindbergh gently touched down on French soil, the first person to fly the Atlantic alone. Immediately, the world had a new hero — mobbed wherever he went, the recipient of thousands of letters and poems, the inspiration for popular as well as classical music. But what, exactly, Lindbergh meant to his generation and subsequent generations has remained a source of interest and controversy. In “The Meaning of Lindbergh's Flight” (1958), for example, John W. Ward argued that Lindbergh revealed a deep tension in the American public: “Was the flight the achievement of a heroic, solitary, unaided individual or did the flight represent the triumph of the machine, the success of an industrially organized society?” Twenty-two years later, Laurence Goldstein, in “Lindbergh in 1927: The Response of Poets to the Poem of Fact” (1980), was less certain how to know the significance of Lindbergh's transatlantic flight. But he did argue that Lindbergh's problematic relationship to the “idealizing tendency of popular discourse” was itself a way to understand his complex response to his times and his achievement. More recently, Susan M. Gray, in Charles Lindbergh and the American Dilemma: The Conflict of Technology and Human Values (1988), argued that Lindbergh is best understood as a case study of a larger American issue, the “dialectical tension between technology and human values.” Not only did Lindbergh reveal the complex tensions noted by Ward and Goldstein, but, more fundamentally, he revealed the dialectical imagination characteristic of American thinking since the early 19th century.

scholarly journals Nagrobek Stanisława Staszica a polityka wizerunkowa Towarzystwa Warszawskiego Przyjaciół Nauk

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Getka-Kenig
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Society Of Friends ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Image Building ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Building Policy

Stanisław Staszic’s Tombstone and the Image-Building Policy of the Warsaw Society of Friends of Sciences The article is devoted to the artistic setting of Stanisław Staszic’s (1755–1826) burial place, for which his main heir, the Warsaw Royal Society of the Friends of Sciences (TKWPN), was responsible. The inspiration to raise this topic was the discovery of two previously unknown Jakub Tatarkiewicz’s designs of Staszic’s unrealized neoclassical tombstone in the collections of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw (AGAD). However, the projects were never commissioned by TKWPN but were the sculptor’s proposal. By analysing the relationship between these artistic projects and the initiatives concerning Staszic’s tomb which stemmed directly from the Society (a big raw stone as memorial), the article highlights the problem of TKWPN’s participation in creating the posthumous cult of its long-time president and most important benefactor. The TKWPN’s seemingly paradoxical reluctance to glorify Staszic by means of traditional (artistic) forms of commemoration can be interpreted as a logical action calculated to benefit the Society’s image. Therefore, focusing on this single aspect of the posthumous cult of Staszic, directly related to the TKWPN, this article refers to the image-building policy of this institution, and thus to the ways of building its social status. At the same time, it tackles the issue of the prestige of science and scientific patronage as a new (from the early 19th-century perspective) form of public merit.

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