Dual Citizenship in De Facto States: Comparative Case Study of Abkhazia and Transnistria

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Ramesh Ganohariti
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Dual Citizenship ◽  
Diplomatic Protection ◽  
Citizenship Regimes ◽  
Citizenship Laws

AbstractThe contested nature of de facto states and their acceptance of dual citizenship results in the overlap of multiple citizenship regimes, leading to individuals living in de facto states possessing multiple citizenship statuses. Using the Most Similar Systems Design, this article explores the factors that influence the (divergent) citizenship regimes of Abkhazia and Transnistria; the former allows dual citizenship only with Russia, while the latter places no restrictions. The primary reason for the adoption of dual citizenship is for pragmatic reasons, as the secondary citizenship can compensate for the lack of benefits (such as international travel, diplomatic protection) afforded by the de facto state’s citizenship. This said, having an ethnicized national identity, in contrast to a civic (state-centered) national identity, can produce (dual) citizenship laws that give preferential treatment to the titular group and its diaspora. Additionally, the influence exerted by the patron state (Russia) and the severity of the conflict with the parent state (Georgia/Moldova) influences dual citizenship in becoming conditional and thus more exclusive.

Embodying the nation: football,1emotions and the construction of collective identity

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Ismer
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Shared Meanings ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
Collective Effervescence ◽  
Collective Representations

The article intends to combine contemporary debates about nations and nationalism with a sociological perspective on collective emotions in its attempt to gain a better understanding of the process of constructing national identity. It will further present interdisciplinary evidence that collective emotions evoked in rituals instigate a number of group-related sociocognitive processes that reinforce enduring feelings of belonging and an emotional priming of collective representations. I will suggest that states of “collective effervescence” (Durkheim) do not only tie individuals to a community, but also provide a strong frame for the creation of symbols and the embodiment of shared meanings defining a community. The second part of the article analyzes examples taken from the football media coverage of the FIFA World Cups 2006 and 1974 (both were held in Germany) in order to provide a comparative case study exemplifying the proposed theoretical approach. The sample illuminates some interesting changes that invite further hypotheses about corresponding changes of national identity in a larger context.

Social entrepreneurs as institutional entrepreneurs: evidence from a comparative case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Chatzichristos ◽  
Nikolaos Nagopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs

Purpose This study aims to illuminate the field conditions under which social entrepreneurship can become institutionalized and transform the existing institutional fields. Design/methodology/approach A comparative case study was conducted among three social enterprises, within different regional institutional fields, following a most different systems design: OTELO, in Mühlviertel, ADC MOURA, in Baixo Alentejo and STEVIA HELLAS in Phthiotis. Findings The results indicate some of the field conditions under which an institutionalization of social entrepreneurship can thrive, namely, a high civil approval, a highly institutionalized and decentralized institutional field that allows the social enterprise to remain autonomous, as well the anchoring of the venture to a pre-existing counter-hegemonic narrative or/and to an embedded network that drives the dissemination a new institutional logic forward. Research limitations/implications The institutionalization of the voluntary collective action that social entrepreneurship embodies has significant limitations. The same is true for innovation, which tends to lose its innovative spirit as it becomes institutionalized. Future research has to explore if institutionalized social entrepreneurship can maintain a voluntary perspective and an innovative drift. Originality/value Most studies on institutional entrepreneurship deploy in-depth case studies while multi-case comparative research remains rare. The current comparative study adds significantly to the understanding of institutional entrepreneurship, as it compares different degrees of institutionalization and successful institutional entrepreneurs to non-successful ones.

Case Study: Endangered Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646
Author(s):  
Vilmante Kumpikaite-Valiuniene
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Dual Citizenship

Due to a decreased birth rate and increased emigration, Lithuania’s population fell from 3.5 million to 2.8 million during the period 1990 - 2017. This paper presents a picture of the endangered Lithuanian population conditioned by high emigration flows. Four emigration waves and their reasons during the 27 year period in Lithuania are discussed. Economic and social conditions have only shown a slight change for Lithuanian citizens. In addition, no option of dual citizenship is available for emigrants. These reasons, as well as the Brexit consequences, have an impact on the emigration rates and Lithuania’s endangerment generally.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document