A possible Pararcus diepenbroeki vertebra from the Vossenveld Formation (Triassic, Anisian), Winterswijk, the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.D. During ◽  
D.F.A.E. Voeten ◽  
A.S. Schulp ◽  
J.W.F. Reumer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Tentative Identification ◽  
Adult Specimen ◽  
Anatomical Position

AbstractAn isolated, completely ossified vertebra tentatively ascribed to the non-cyamodontid placodont Pararcus diepenbroeki is described from the Anisian Vossenveld Formation in Winterswijk, the Netherlands, and compared to other material from the same locality. This fossil is the first completely ossified vertebra of the taxon and most likely originates from an adult specimen. It was recovered c. 16 m deeper in the stratigraphy than previously described material of the species, which is thus far known only from Winterswijk. Based on the slanting angle of the transverse process, the vertebra is interpreted to originate from the dorsal region. Besides the overall agreements in morphology that warrant a tentative identification as Pararcus diepenbroeki, the newly described vertebra deviates from other known Pararcus vertebrae in the presence of a longer, well-ossified neural spine and a strongly constricted, less pachyostotic and ovaloid vertebral centrum. General agreement in morphology with previously described vertebrae suggests this novel condition indicates a different anatomical position and perhaps a varied ossification pattern.

scholarly journals Distribution of the T12 erector spinal muscle plane block in the dorsal region guided by ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Feng Zhang ◽  
Wei-Wei Zhang ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Hao Guo ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lumbar Surgery ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Block Area ◽  
American Society ◽  
Ropivacaine Hydrochloride ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the distribution of the erector spinal muscle plane block of the thoracic 12 vertebral body (T12) in the dorsal region guided by ultrasound. Methods A total of 28 patients, who underwent elective lumbar surgery, were enrolled in the present study. These patients were aged between 18 and 65 years, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade was 1 or 2. The block of the T12 transverse process erector spinal muscle was performed under the guidance of ultrasound, and each side was injected with 25 ml of 0.4% ropivacaine hydrochloride + 2 mg of dexamethasone. The back areas were measured using the cold-warm method (the back area was divided into 11 areas [T7–S1] with the body surface marker). At 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after the drug injection, the effectiveness of the regional block was recorded. The presence of puncture hematoma, local anesthesia drug poisoning, nausea, vomiting, headache, and dizziness after the block was recorded. Results The range of the T12 transverse process block was basically fixed at 30 min after the single injection. No pneumothorax, hematoma, or local anesthetic poisoning occurred in any of the patients. Conclusion The effective longitudinal plane of the T12 transverse process erector spinal muscle block was mainly distributed in the T9–L5 dorsal cutaneous branches, and the distribution of the block area was safe and stable.

scholarly journals Additional sauropod dinosaur material from the Callovian Oxford Clay Formation, Peterborough, UK: evidence for higher sauropod diversity

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6404
Author(s):  
Femke M. Holwerda ◽  
Mark Evans ◽  
Jeff J. Liston
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Process ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Neural Arch ◽  
Faunal Assemblage ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Clay Formation

Four isolated sauropod axial elements from the Oxford Clay Formation (Callovian, Middle Jurassic) of Peterborough, UK, are described. Two associated posterior dorsal vertebrae show a dorsoventrally elongated centrum and short neural arch, and nutrient or pneumatic foramina, most likely belonging to a non-neosauropod eusauropod, but showing ambiguous non-neosauropod eusauropod and neosauropod affinities. An isolated anterior caudal vertebra displays a ventral keel, a ‘shoulder’ indicating a wing-like transverse process, along with a possible prespinal lamina. This, together with an overall high complexity of the anterior caudal transverse process (ACTP) complex, indicates that this caudal could have belonged to a neosauropod. A second isolated middle-posterior caudal vertebra also shows some diagnostic features, despite the neural spine and neural arch not being preserved and the neurocentral sutures being unfused. The positioning of the neurocentral sutures on the anterior one third of the centrum indicates a middle caudal position, and the presence of faint ventrolateral crests, as well as a rhomboid anterior articulation surface, suggest neosauropod affinities. The presence of possible nutrient foramina are only tentative evidence of a neosauropod origin, as they are also found in Late Jurassic non-neosauropod eusauropods. As the caudals from the two other known sauropods from the Peterborough Oxford Clay, Cetiosauriscus stewarti and an indeterminate non-neosauropod eusauropod, do not show the features seen on either of the new elements described, both isolated caudals indicate a higher sauropod species diversity in the faunal assemblage than previously recognised. An exploratory phylogenetic analysis using characters from all four isolated elements supports a basal neosauropod placement for the anterior caudal, and a diplodocid origin for the middle caudal. The dorsal vertebrae are an unstable OTU, and therefore remain part of an indeterminate eusauropod of uncertain affinities. Together with Cetiosauriscus, and other material assigned to different sauropod groups, this study indicates the presence of a higher sauropod biodiversity in the Oxford Clay Formation than previously recognised. This study shows that it is still beneficial to examine isolated elements, as these may be indicators for higher species richness in deposits that are otherwise poor in terrestrial fauna.

New anomalies and pathologies in the caudal region of the lizard’s axial skeleton

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-456
Author(s):  
D.A. Gordeev ◽  
D.V. Korost ◽  
N.B. Ananjeva
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complete Ablation ◽  
Lacerta Agilis ◽  
The Right

Currently, more than 58 skeletal anomalies and pathologies are known in the recent Squamata reptiles. In this paper, eight pathologies of a complex nature are described in Agamidae and Lacertidae: Paralaudakia caucasia (Eichwald, 1831) and Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758. Description of tail pathologies was carried out based on the analysis of X-ray images and on the results of computer microtomography. In the specimen of P. caucasia (ЗИН 19116.1) complete ablation of the caudal vertebra was revealed, which provoked the detachment of chevron and the proliferation of soft tissues. In some Agamidae, after pseudoautotomy, partial ablation of the caudal vertebra occurs to promote wound healing. Complete ablation of the distal caudal vertebra has not been previously reported in literature. In females of L. agilis, deformation of the right transverse process of the vertebra with “false bifurcation” without the formation of a cartilaginous tube (VOLSU 98.2), scoliosis, hematoma and callus on the cartilaginous tube were noted, as well as the absence of an autotomy plane in the postpygal vertebra (ZIN 31549). An unusual pathology in L. agilis (ZIN 31549) is the absence of an autotomy plane in the postpigal vertebra and of its anterior neural spine. The loss of the plane of autotomy during ontogeny is characteristic of some Iguanidae, but it has not been previously noted in Lacertidae. The described cases of anomalies expand the spectrum of known pathologies in reptiles.

The axial skeleton of the Early Permian reptile Eocaptorhinus laticeps (Williston)

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1288-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Dilkes ◽  
Robert R. Reisz
Keyword(s):  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Muscle Attachment ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Epaxial Muscle

Two articulated, partial vertebral columns of the Early Permian captorhinid Eocaptorkinus laticeps (Williston) exhibit the following serial changes in the axial skeleton: robust and unswollen neural arches on the First five presacrals gradually swell dorsally and laterally on presacrals 6–25; alternation of neural spine height of the presacrals with an interruption at presacral 9 is superimposed upon a gradual posterior decrease of spine height; slope of zygapophyseal articular surfaces changes from ventromedial on the first six presacrals to horizontal on the remaining presacrals; and spines for epaxial muscle attachment present on the neural arches of presacrals 6–14 decrease in size posteriorly. Midventral lips are present on the centra and intercentra of all presacrals. Fine cracks on the centra of caudal vertebrae 8–11 are evidence of caudal autotomy.The pattern of vertebral morphology suggests specializations in the cervical region for support of the massive head and in the dorsal region for increased lateral flexibility for locomotion and increased support of the rib cage and viscera.

scholarly journals Notes on the axial skeleton of the titanosaur Bonitasaura salgadoi (Dinosauria-Sauropoda)

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Gallina
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Lateral Expansion ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Spine Morphology ◽  
Posterior Elements

Sauropod axial anatomy is particularly important in understanding morphological features and phylogenetic analyses. Spatial arrangement of zygapophyses and rib articulations, as well as their complex laminar development, help to recognize the relative position of isolated vertebral elements. The presence of anterior, mid and posterior elements along the cervical, dorsal and caudal series in Bonitasaura salgadoi allows the analysis of several anatomical characteristics. These include the pattern of neurocentral closure with unfused, partially fused and completely fused elements in a peculiar temporal sequence, as well as several neural spine modifications and the laminar arrangement. The variations in neural spine morphology include a lateral expansion of the distal tip in cervico-dorsal region, different lateral constituents of these lateral expansions, and a marked deviation in spine angulation. The spinal inclination allows the division into three easily recognizable vertebral regions separated by two landmarks, which adds support in the determination of an accurate vertebral position for isolated elements. Finally, an analysis of the vertebral laminae reveals the importance of examining vertebral series in order to recognize laminar homologies and developmental series. Two vertebral laminae are analyzed here.

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