scholarly journals Shorn capelloni: hair and young masculinities in the Italian media, 1965–1967

Modern Italy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Cecilia Brioni

In the period between 1965 and 1967, a series of acts of violence took place against Italian capelloni (young men with long hair). These attacks frequently ended with an attempted or actual cutting of these young men's hair. This article analyses how these incidents were represented in newspapers, teen magazines, and in the short film Il mostro della domenica by Steno (Stefano Vanzina, 1968) featuring Totò. Drawing on literature about the shaving of French and Italian collaborationist women in the aftermath of the Second World War (Virgili 2002), it explores the potential gender anxieties caused by young men's long hairstyles, as represented by the media. The attacks on the capelloni are interpreted as a punishment for the male appropriation of a traditionally feminine attribute of seduction: the cutting of young men's hair symbolically reaffirmed an ideal of virile masculinity in a moment of ‘decline of virilism’ (Bellassai 2011) in Italian society.

Author(s):  
Giovanni Pietro Vitali

Abstract In Italy’s complex political past, the memory of resistance against nationalism has always been at the centre of political clashes between the right and the left. Considering that the memory of the Second World War (WWII) is still alive in Italian society, an analysis of the violence perpetrated by the Fascists and Nazis on Italian territory in this period is a way to discuss the historical responsibilities of both. This article aims to oppose this instrumental use of history. The aim of this work is to show how violence was exerted against Italian civilians during WWII through a spatial and statistical inquiry. I created an Atlas of Nazi–Fascist Repression combining three different databases into a unique dataset.


2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL HEALE

The years following the Second World War, according to the Norwegian scholar Sigmund Skard, witnessed the “Rediscovery of America,” as European academics belatedly turned their attention to the United States at a time when its pre-eminent global role could not be ignored. In Britain some believed that the awakening was already under way, the Principal of what became Exeter University having described 1941 as the year of the British “discovery of America.” The jarring realization that the very survival of Britain depended on a close alliance with the American giant had precipitated not only frenetic governmental activity but also intense interest in the United States throughout the media. Perhaps the “discovery” or “rediscovery” of America in British consciousness cannot be dated with exact precision, but the years from the war to the mid-1960s may fairly be called the “take-off period” for the academic study of American history in Britain. This essay briefly considers the role of some of the participants in this endeavour.


Author(s):  
Anli Le Roux

THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGNS DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR (1939–1945). Part 1: The African Mirror Newsreels IntroductionAccording to Danny Schechter, when one fights a war, "there is a need to create and maintain ties of sentiment between soldiers and citizens, as well as a need for popular mobilisation and media support" (2004:25). During the Second World War the case was no different in South Africa. The Union of South Africa propaganda campaigns in all its forms were aimed at "motivating, managing, and feeding the media" - which in turn fed the nation. This was a key strategic imperative to try to build, strengthen and maintain a consensus and united front behind the war effort (Schechter, 2004:25).The significance of contemporary filmic visualisation or off-screen enactments of war experiences and their place in South African historiography of the Second World War has long been an under-researched area....


2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Barbara Pezzotti

This article analyzes two successful Italian novels set during the Ventennio and the Second World War, namely Carlo Lucarelli’s Carta bianca (1990) and Maurizio De Giovanni’s Per mano mia (2011). It shows how Lucarelli confronts the troubling adherence to Fascism through a novel in which investigations are continually hampered by overpowering political forces. By contrast, in spite of expressing an anti-Fascist view, De Giovanni’s novel ends up providing a sanitized version of the Ventennio that allows the protagonist to fulfil his role as a policeman without outward contradictions. By mixing crime fiction and history, Lucarelli intervenes in the revisionist debate of the 1980s and 1990s by attacking the new mythology of the innocent Fascist. Twenty years later, following years of Berlusconi’s propaganda, De Giovanni waters down the hybridization of crime fiction and history with the insertion of romance and the supernatural in order to provide entertaining stories and attract a large audience. In the final analysis, from being functional to political and social criticism in Lucarelli’s series, the fruitful hybridization of crime fiction and history has turned into a mirror of the political and historical de-awareness of Italian society of the 2000s in De Giovanni’s series.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Maaheen Ahmed

Krzysztof Gawronkiewicz and Krystian Rosenberg’s Achtung Zelig! recounts an unabashedly absurd story about the Second World War, involving an encounter between a Nazi commander who was a former clown and a Jewish father and son with monstrous faces. To understand the construction and function of the Polish comic’s narration of the war, this article introduces the concept of media memories. Such memories encompass techniques and works that ‘haunt’ cultural productions. Achtung Zelig! interweaves key media and contexts, layering its story through the media memories of carnivals, comics (e.g. Maus) and films (e.g. The Great Dictator). In instrumentalising media memories, the comic engages in a heavily mediated dialogue with the issue of representing traumatic realities.


Author(s):  
Rui Pina Coelho

ResumoA violência na sociedade e a sua representação artística têm sido desde sempre objecto de vibrantes debates. Na criação contemporânea, a violência continua a ser um dos mais insistentes refrãos temáticos motivando trabalhos que fazem confundir a realidade e a ficção, a violência e a sua representação. Este texto coloca em análise um corpus seleccionado de dramaturgia britânica de matriz realista do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, um período compreendido entre 1951, data de estreia da peça Saints’s Day, de John Whiting, e 1967, ano de estreia de Dingo, de Charles Wood. São textos reportados a uma geração de dramaturgos que ficaram conhecidos como Angry Young Men e por uma Segunda Vaga de dramaturgos dos anos sessenta que a, seu modo, respondem às profundas alterações na geometria política e social, motivadas, em grande medida, pela Segunda Guerra Mundial. Na análise a que procederei, estudo a maneira como cada obra configura as representações de violência, de acordo com a seguinte tipologia: violência sistémica; violência sobre o corpo; violência verbal; e violência de guerra. Considera-se assim, a representação da violência como um meio para resgatar o teatro da banalização a que muitas vezes é sujeito e, por outro lado, demonstra-se que o teatro se revela particularmente apto a mostrá-la e a conceder-lhe a gravidade necessária ao seu pleno entendimento. Do mesmo modo, revela-se a violência como um traço aglutinador e estruturante para a dramaturgia desse período e propõe-se uma aproximação a um paradigma realista que mostre ser operativo para uma interpelação a algum do teatro contemporâneo.AbstractViolence in society and its artistic portrayal have always been the subject of vigorous debates. In the contemporary arts, violence still predominates as a central theme, giving rise to works that blur the boundaries between reality and fiction, violence and its representation(s). This article analyses a selected corpus of British dramaturgy within the realist tradition, from 1951 to 1967. These are plays by the so-called Angry Young Men and by the Second Wave of playwrights in the sixties, responding ultimately to the profound transformations in political and social geometry caused by the Second World War. The plays are analysed in the light of the way that each work portrays violence accordingly to the following typologies: systemic violence, violence of the body, verbal violence and violence of war. On the one hand, violence is considered to be an efficient way to rescue theatre from the trivialisation it often suffers. On the other hand, theatre is in a particularly privileged position to show violence with all due seriousness. This study considers violence to be a fundamental feature of this period’s dramaturgy and it offers an approach to a realistic paradigm that can be used to address some works of the contemporary theatre.


Author(s):  
Petra Josting

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below] Die Mediengeschichte zeigt, dass mit dem Aufkommen neuer Medien immer auch literarische Stoffe von ihnen aufgegriffen wurden, sei es in Form von traditionellen, neu erschienenen oder eigens für sie geschriebenen Texten. In Deutschland trifft diese Feststellung auch auf den Rundfunk zu, der flächendeckend ab 1923 in Form von dezentralen Rundfunkgesellschaften aufgebaut wurde (vgl. Halefeldt 1997), die ab 1924 ein Programm für Kinder und Jugendliche anboten. Hört zu! lautete der an sie gerichtete Aufruf. Listen!Children's and Youth Literature on the Radio during the Weimar Republic and the Era of National Socialism This article presents some results from a research project on German-language children‘s and young people‘s literature in the media network from 1900 to 1945, focussing on radio programmes, from 1924 on, that engaged with this literature. The sources of information about the programmes were radio magazines, which were only published until 1941 due to the constraints of the Second World War. In the initial phase, readings of fairy tales and legends dominated; from the early 1930s on, more and more fairy tale radio plays were produced. Punch and Judy radio plays by Liesel Simon, for instance, were broadcast regularly from 1926. Book recommendations aimed at parents and young people also played an important role as did readings by contemporary authors such as Felix Salten, Lisa Tetzner, Erich Kästner, Irmgard von Faber du Faur and Will Vesper. While the new political and social start with the Weimar Republic in 1918/1919 did not result in a caesura in the market for children’s literature, because authors who had been successful up to that point continued to be published, it did introduce several innovations, for which there was little room after Hitler came to power in 1933.


2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Alessander Kerber ◽  
Cleber Cristiano Prodanov

O texto analisa as lutas de representações em torno da construção de identidades ligadas ao espaço geográfico da nação brasileira e da cidade de Novo Hamburgo (RS) através do seu principal jornal, O 5 de Abril, no período de 1927, momento de sua emancipação, até 1945, final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e da ditadura do Estado Novo. Este período foi marcado pela construção de versões acerca destas duas identidades e de sua disseminação através da imprensa. As duas versões apresentavam conflitos especialmente focados no fato de a cidade ser representada por signos que remetiam ao processo de imigração alemã, e à nação, por signos que remetiam à mestiçagem. Tais conflitos acirraram-se no momento em que o Brasil entrou na Segunda Guerra Mundial contra a Alemanha. Palavras-chave: cidade; identidade nacional; imprensa. Abstract: This is an analysis of the struggle over representations involving the construction of identities rooted in the geographical space of the nation of Brazil and the city of Novo Hamburgo using the city’s main newspaper, “O 5 de Abril”, which was published from 1927, when the city was officially recognized, until 1945, which marked the end of the Second World War and of the Estado Novo dictatorship in Brazil. This period was marked by the construction of different versions of these two identities and their massification by the media. These versions were in conflict, specifically focused on the fact that the city was represented through signs that refer to the process of German immigration, while there presentation of the nation was through signs referring the intermixing of races. These conflicts intensified when Brazil entered the Second World War against Germany. Keywords: city, national identity, the press.


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