scholarly journals CULTURAL ENCOUNTER IN THE MORTUARY LANDSCAPE OF A TIWANAKU COLONY, MOQUEGUA, PERU (AD 650–1100)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah I. Baitzel
Keyword(s):  
Culture Change ◽  
Culture Contact ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
South Central ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Moquegua Valley ◽  
Regional Histories

Archaeological studies of culture contact often presuppose culture change. Contact that did not result in culture change is difficult to identify archaeologically, but it merits our attention for understanding how and why change failed to materialize in the wake of cultural encounter. In this paper, I examine the occurrence of contact without change on the frontier of the south-central Andean Tiwanaku state (AD 400–1100). Tiwanaku settlers who colonized the uninhabited middle Moquegua valley in the seventh century AD shared a mortuary landscape with coastal sojourners at the site of Omo M10, even though their interactions were otherwise limited. Complex regional histories and divergent economic interests explain why contact between highland and coastal groups was confined to mortuary rituals during the initial stage of contact, following a Tiwanaku pattern in Moquegua of ritualizing culture contact. Later generations of Tiwanaku colonists may have reinitiated contact with coastal communities for access to marine resources, and accepting foreigners into their community. This case study presents a framework for identifying culture contact without culture change. It demonstrates the utility of regional histories and careful contextual analysis for hypothesizing the nature and consequences of cultural encounters that did not follow expected trajectories of change.

Religion, Friction, and Cultural Encounter in the Anti–Mountaintop Removal Movement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Mountaintop Removal ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
The Future ◽  
Local Policies

This final chapter examines the cultural encounters and points of friction between different activists and stakeholders associated with the anti-mountaintop removal movement. In their efforts, activists sometimes encountered conflicting views on Appalachian place, identity, and religion. These views met in points of friction, in anthropologist Anna Tsing’s term, where they often hybridized or changed to generate new perspectives on the issue or to support previously held ideas about place, religion, and identity. Examples of these debates include discussions of “insider” Appalachian identity and fears of “outsiders” influencing local policies, concerns among some religious activists of having their efforts co-opted by other groups who do not share their same moral visions, differing visions of the future of post-mountaintop removal Appalachia, and various arguments concerning the ethics and efficacy of direct action tactics.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Neighborhood Residents’ Cognition of and Participation in Low-Carbon Behaviors in Wuhan, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wenjun Peng ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Lijun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

This paper analyzed neighborhood residents’ cognition of and participation in low-carbon behaviors, basing on a questionnaire survey launched in a neighborhood in Wuhan, China. Results indicate that most respondents concerned the low-carbon impact on their daily lives and expected the government to make differences in low-carbon transition. Neighborhood residents’ participation in low-carbon behaviors was mainly reflected in three aspects: home energy conservation (HEC), efficient resource consumption (ERC), and recycling habits (RH), which were extracted from the five categories out of the 15 observed variables. Many interviewees had high level of participation in low-carbon behaviors that affect their economic interests. But these neighborhood residents rarely participated in public low-carbon behaviors such as planting trees or cooperative low-carbon behaviors. Therefore, these neighborhood residents’ participation in low-carbon behaviors was still on the initial stage. Specific proposals were put forward to promote urban low-carbonization further.

Medicine as a Lens to Examine Cross-Cultural Encounters: A Study of Medical Missionary Samuel Hayward Ford’s Writings in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Tilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Medical Missionary ◽  
Nature Of Medicine ◽  
The Church

Summary Medical missionary Samuel Hayward Ford arrived in New Zealand’s Bay of Islands in the late 1830s, a few years before the formal colonisation of the country. His letters and medical reports to the Committee of the Church Missionary Society revealed the complicated and malleable nature of medicine in the cross-cultural encounter. Through close study of Ford’s writings, this article argues that medicine worked to transform and interweave Māori and missionary worlds in precolonial New Zealand. Experiencing the spread of disease in the Bay of Islands, Ford practised and was influenced by evangelical humanitarianism, and he was also entangled in the politics of empire. More than this, his medicine exposed the missionary objective to transform Māori society, and it showcased not just cultural differences regarding medical knowledge but also the exchange of ideas and treatments between Māori and the missionaries.

A Uganda Secondary School as a Field of Culture Change

Africa ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Musgrove
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Culture Contact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Complementary Study

Opening ParagraphI Propose to examine the Uganda secondary boys' boarding-school, in which I teach, as an institution in culture contact; to consider how far its function must be interpreted in terms of its own dynamism and how far in terms of the parent cultures of the Black and White members of the community. The interpretation I make from data gained chiefly within the school is necessarily incomplete, and a complementary study by a field anthropologist, looking at the school from the point of view of outside society, is desirable. But within the limits of the data available to a schoolmaster I here offer a description and an analysis.

Using a Graphic Model to Explore the Range of Cross-Cultural Interaction in Ancient Borderlands

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Matthies Green ◽  
Kirk E. Costion
Keyword(s):  
Culture Contact ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Graphic Model ◽  
Indigenous Perspectives ◽  
Moquegua Valley ◽  
Peripheral Areas

In order to illuminate the complexities of culture contact in colonial settings it is not enough to simply shift one’s research onto the periphery, instead it is imperative that these peripheral areas are also viewed as interaction zones in their own right. This chapter presents a graphic model for representing a range of cross-cultural interaction designed specifically to address archaeologists’ challenges of conceptualizing several types of cross-cultural interaction in the cultural and geographic borderlands at the frontiers of the influence sphere of expansive states or colonial powers. The model’s design allows for the numerous simultaneous levels of interaction, which reflects the intricate nature of cultural contacts, and which considers indigenous perspectives in tandem with colonial aspirations. The model’s utility is illustrated through research from the early Middle Horizon (ca. A.D. 550–800) in the Moquegua Valley, Peru, a borderland between the Wari and Tiwanaku States.

Introduction

Gateway State ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sarah Miller-Davenport
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The U.S

This introductory chapter explains that global decolonization and Hawaiʻi statehood complemented U.S. efforts to promote the nation-state as the primary building block of the postwar global order. As the leading power of the noncommunist world, the United States “startlingly naturalized the free nation,” drawing on the tradition of Open Door diplomacy to advance its own political and economic interests as European colonialism collapsed. Against this background, Hawaiʻi, as an overseas colony legally distinct from the rest of the United States, appeared to many as an aberration needing resolution. Thus, the ideas on multiculturalism developed in Hawaiʻi were not mere rhetoric: poststatehood Hawaiʻi became a physical center for facilitating the new cultural encounters of the Cold War, with varying degrees of success. For those Americans seeking to sway the loyalties of people in Asia and the Pacific, Hawaiʻi was not only seen as a symbolic representation of America's commitment to democracy and diversity; it was also a place where people from both Asia and the U.S. mainland were physically transported in order to prove the veracity of that message. But those cultural encounters did not always go as planned.

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