scholarly journals KNOCK! KNOCK! WHO'S THERE? AN ETHNOARCHAEOLOGICAL APPROACH IN FRENCH GUIANA

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-27
Author(s):  
Stéphen Rostain
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
South American ◽  
Archaeological Preservation ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Natural Degradation ◽  
Tropical Lowlands ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
Cultural Rules

Amazonia and the Guianas possess exceptional potential for ethnoarchaeological studies because of the precolumbian heritage of modern-day Amerindian people. Surprisingly, minimal scholarship of this nature has been conducted in the South American lowlands. On the French Guiana coast, Maillard, a small Palikur village, was abruptly abandoned in 1990. I initiated an ethnoarchaeological study to pinpoint important differences between the interpretation of archaeological and ethnographic data. I recorded the topography of features and remains, compiled an inventory of artifacts and the contents of discard areas, inventoried the cultivated trees present, and described the characteristics of the surroundings. After analyzing the data using classical methods of archaeological inference to obtain a complete reconstruction of the village and the customs of its inhabitants, I invited the chief into his now-abandoned village to describe the settlement as it was while inhabited. In the twenty years since, I have made several visits to track the natural degradation of the site. This ethnoarchaeological approach shows that archaeologists dealing with field data can make many mistakes. Conversely, ethnographic accounts are distorted by the cultural rules and interdictions of interviewees. This experiment suggests the need for prudence in our interpretations and hypotheses, especially in the tropical lowlands, where archaeological preservation is particularly poor.

Landscape of Migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Nobbs-Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
South American ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Export Agriculture ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Regional Capital ◽  
Tropical Lowlands ◽  
Do So

In the wake of a 1952 revolution, leaders of Bolivia's National Revolutionary Movement (MNR) embarked on a program of internal colonization known as the "March to the East." In an impoverished country dependent on highland mining, the MNR sought to convert the nation’s vast "undeveloped" Amazonian frontier into farmland, hoping to achieve food security, territorial integrity, and demographic balance. To do so, they encouraged hundreds of thousands of Indigenous Bolivians to relocate from the "overcrowded" Andes to the tropical lowlands, but also welcomed surprising transnational migrant streams, including horse-and-buggy Mennonites from Mexico and displaced Okinawans from across the Pacific. Ben Nobbs-Thiessen details the multifaceted results of these migrations on the environment of the South American interior. As he reveals, one of the "migrants" with the greatest impact was the soybean, which Bolivia embraced as a profitable cash crop while eschewing earlier goals of food security, creating a new model for extractive export agriculture. Half a century of colonization would transform the small regional capital of Santa Cruz de la Sierra into Bolivia's largest city, and the diverging stories of Andean, Mennonite, and Okinawan migrants complicate our understandings of tradition, modernity, foreignness, and belonging in the heart of a rising agro-industrial empire.

scholarly journals Philanthropic and ecological values of Merti Desa Tambakbayan tradition in Tambakboyo Village, Tawangsari District, Sukoharjo Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012083
Author(s):  
D T Ardianto ◽  
S Mataram
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Ecological Values ◽  
Environmental Balance ◽  
The Village

Abstract The Javanese tradition is manifested in various forms, one of which is Merti Desa Tambakbayan tradition in Tambakboyo Village, Tawangsari District, Sukoharjo Regency. This annual tradition is a cultural heritage that help to maintain environmental balance. This study seeks to describe the philanthropic and ecological values of Merti Desa Tambakbayan tradition. This research was a case study with traditional event as the object. The data sources were the Merti Desa Tambakbayan events, documents, and interview results with informants. The obtained field data showed the existence of philanthropic and ecological values in Tambakboyo community. These values can be seen from the traditions of having feast and exchanging meals together, and joint activities to clean up the environment around the village regardless of social status. These attitudes are essentials, especially when some members of the society are experiencing economic difficulties due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Anemopaegma kawense (Bignoniaceae), a new species from the Kaw Mountain (French Guiana), with notes on related species and a key to the genus in the Guianas

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-306
Author(s):  
Olivier Lachenaud ◽  
Fabiana Firetti ◽  
Lúcia G. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
A New Species

Background and aims – The genus Anemopaegma (Bignoniaceae) includes around 47 species and has its centre of diversity in Brazil. Here, we describe and illustrate a new species from French Guiana, Anemopaegma kawense, and compare it to the two most similar species, A. foetidum and A. granvillei. We further assess the conservation status of all three species.Material and methods – Morphological descriptions are based on herbarium specimens deposited at BM, BR, CAY, INPA, K, MO, P, SPF, and U, and, in the case of the newly described species, also on field observations. The conservation status assessments follow the IUCN Red List criteria.Key results – Anemopaegma kawense differs from both A. foetidum and A. granvillei by its densely villose twigs, longitudinally plicate leaflets with secondary veins not or hardly prominent below, and tertiary veins impressed below. It is further separated from A. foetidum by the leaflets that are villose below and the calyx that is entirely pubescent outside. On the other hand, A. kawense differs from A. granvillei by the densely lepidote outer surface of the corolla, shorter petiolules, leaflets with midrib impressed above, shorter bracts and bracteoles, inflorescence peduncle exceeding the rachis, and pedicels densely puberulous, not lepidote or only sparsely so at the apex. This species is endemic to the Kaw Mountain in north-eastern French Guiana, where it grows in low stunted forest on laterite; it is assessed as Endangered according to the IUCN criteria. New descriptions are provided for A. granvillei, which is newly reported from Suriname, and for A. foetidum, which is newly reported from French Guiana; these two species are assessed as Endangered and Least Concern, respectively. Lectotypes are designated for A. maguirei, which is here synonymised with A. foetidum, and for A. umbellatum, another synonym of that species. A key to the 12 species of Anemopaegma occurring in the Guianas is presented.

The Legacy of European Colonialism

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Guianas

South America was first “encountered” by Europeans during Columbus’ third voyage in 1498. This marked the end of the pre-Columbian period of the continent, and the beginning of the colonial period that lasted until the end of the wars of independence in the early nineteenth century. Total liberation of the continent from Spain was finally achieved at the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824. Brazilian independence from Portugal was achieved more peacefully in 1822, when Dom Pedro became constitutional emperor. The Guianas remained colonies far longer; indeed Guyane (French Guiana) is still an overseas department of France, while Suriname (Dutch Guiana) became independent in 1975, and Guyana (originally a Dutch colony, later British) became independent in 1966. It could be suggested that dependency remained after the end of formal colonial rule, owing to the continued influence of global economic powers on the continent. However, for the purposes of this chapter, the colonial period can be considered as lasting for 326 years from 1498 to 1824. If recent research has tended to enhance our appreciation of the impact of pre-Columbian peoples on the South American environment, it has also corrected some stereotypes concerning European colonial impacts. Europeans were not the first to substantially impact the South American environment. The colonial period was generally marked by depopulation and agricultural disintensification, with the result that many environments were more “pristine” at the end of the eighteenth century than at the end of the fifteenth century. Migrations, cultural hybridities, and new local, regional, and global economic linkages led to changes in demands on agriculture and resource extraction. New technologies, crops, and social structures also had an impact. These impacts were not always as negative as sometimes portrayed, and local populations often had a substantial say in the outcome. Many of the most noticeable impacts resulting from the encounter with Europeans did not become widespread until after independence (McAlister, 1984; Bethell, 1987; Hoberman, 1996; Hoberman et al., 1996; Mörner, 1985; Newson, 1995; Robinson, 1990; Butzer and Butzer, 1995).

A new species of Osteocephalus from Ecuador and a redescription of O. leprieurii (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) (Anura: Hylidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Hödl ◽  
Karl-Heinz Jungfer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe South American spiny-backed treefrog, Osteocephalus leprieurii, as previously understood, is a composite of several species. We redescribe it morphologically on the basis of specimens from French Guiana and add other data on the biology of the species. We describe O. mutabor n. sp., previously confused with O. leprieurii, from the Amazon Basin of Ecuador. The two species differ in coloration, vocalizations and ontogenetic colour change. Osteocephalus leprieurii is remarkable for bearing nuptial excrescences not only on the thumb, but also under the fingers and on the chin. The vocal sac is semicircular expanding posterolaterally. Osteocephalus mutabor n. sp. is characterized by numerous dark transversal bars on the dorsum and a semicircular vocal sac. The amount of keratinized tips on the dorsal granules in males of both species is dependent on sexual activity. Bajo el nombre de la rana arborícola de espalda espinosa Osteocephalus leprieurii, de Sur America, como se ha entendido anteriormente, se confundieron diferentes especies. Se describe de nuevo la especie morfológicamente en base a especimenes de la Guayana Francesa y se añaden otros datos sobre su biología. Describimos O. mutabor n. sp. de la Cuenca Amazónica Ecuatoriana. Ambas especies se diferencian en coloración, vocalizaciones y cambio ontogenético de color. Osteocephalus leprieurii se caracteriza por poseer excrecencias nupciales no solo en el pulgar, sino también bajo los dedos y la barbilla. El saco vocal es semicircular con expansión posterolateral. Osteocephalus mutabor n. sp. se caracteriza por tener rayas oscuras transversales en el dorso y un saco vocal semicircular. La cantidad de puntas queratinizadas en los gránulos dorsales de los machos de ambas especies depende de la actividad sexual.

scholarly journals Geographic Spread ofGnamptogenys triangularis(Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Joseph A. MacGown ◽  
James K. Wetterer
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
South American ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Major Pest

Gnamptogenys triangularis(Mayr), native to the forests of South and Central America, is a predatory ant that feeds on millipedes. In its native range, this species is known from Buenos Aires, Argentina (38.1°S) in the south to Costa Rica (10.4°N) in the north, with records from eight countries in South America (all except Chile, French Guiana, and Paraguay), and the two southernmost countries of Central America (Panama and Costa Rica). The first records ofG. triangularisoutside its native range came from Florida beginning in 1985 (six sites: 25.5°–30.4°N) and Alabama in 1996 (one site: 30.4°N). Here we present the first records ofG. triangularisfrom Mississippi, dating from 2002–2010 (five sites: 30.5°–31.2°N). Based on its South American range, it appears thatG. triangularishas the potential to spread to forests throughout much of the southeastern USA. There are no documented impacts ofG. triangularis,and it seems unlikely that this species will ever become a major pest.

scholarly journals Peran Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dalam Pengawasan Dana Desa

PERSPEKTIF ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-382
Author(s):  
Ade Krisdian Pratama ◽  
Badaruddin Badaruddin ◽  
Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Consultative Body ◽  
Field Data Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

This study was conducted to analyze the role of the Village Consultative Institution (BPD) in monitoring the use of Village Funds in Kuta Pinang Village, Tebing Syahbandar District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, data collection techniques by conducting literature studies and research in the field. Data analysis was performed by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The role of BPD includes three things, namely the role in regulations, organizations / institutions and in individuals. The results showed that the role of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) of Kuta Pinang Village in the supervision of Village Funds by monitoring and auditing financial reports on the use of village funds. The follow-up of the supervision that has been carried out by the BPD which is an evaluation of the performance of the Kuta Pinang village government has also not been available so that the role of supervision has not been optimal. In addition to these aspects, the findings in this study are the obstacles faced by the BPD of Kuta Pinang Village in conducting supervision, namely the lack of community participation in village deliberations, the BPD does not understand the regulations for the use of village funds, BPD resources are still inadequate and inaccurate monitoring documentation, so that the impact on the implementation of supervision is not optimal.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM TATA KELOLA PARIWISATA DI KAMPUNG WISATA DEWO BRONTO YOGYAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Rumsari Hadi Sumarto ◽  
Lukas Dwiantara
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Field Data Collection ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

This study aims to describe and analyze community empowerment activities in the Dewo Bronto Tourism Village in Yogyakarta through the concept of Community-Based Tourism. This study uses qualitative research that describes community empowerment through the concept of Community Based Tourism objectively based on data findings in the field. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Community empowerment in the field of tourism in the tourism village is carried out through various fields such as culinary business, the production of natural dyes of batik, batik training, transportation, arts and cultural attractions. This effort can support the development of tourism in the Dewo Bronto Tourism Village. However, community empowerment needs to be supported by the ability of the community to create a brand for a tourist village so that the Tourism Village is better known by tourists. In the future, it is necessary to do research on millennial communities who are familiar with the digital world so that they can promote the Village Tourism digitally. The impact of the tourist village is better known to tourists globally

scholarly journals Collaborative planning for development of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park in Bangka, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1602-1610
Author(s):  
DIAN AKBARINI ◽  
JOHAN ISKANDAR ◽  
RUHYAT PARTASASMITA
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Collaborative Planning ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Preliminary Review ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Field Data Collection ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

Akbarini D, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2017. Collaborative planning for development of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park in Bangka, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1602-1610. Pelawan Biodiversity Park is located in the village of Namang, Sub-district of Namang, District of Central Bangka. The Pelawan Biodiversity Park with a size of approximately 47 hectares is intended as a conservation area in Bangka to protect various distinctive plants and animals, especially the plant species Tristaniopsis merguensis (Griff.) Peter G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh. A preliminary review of Pelawan Biodiversity Park management planning was undertaken between January and March 2017. The purpose of this preliminary review was to obtain information for planning and managing the Pelawan Biodiversity Park which has an important function for conservation, ecotourism and research in the Central Bangka District. The method used for the study was qualitative with field data collection; namely observation, intensive interviews with informants and analysis of documentation. The results of the study show that the management planning for Pelawan Biodiversity Park has not been implemented collaboratively with stakeholders. Furthermore, the potential for biodiversity in the Palawan Biodiversity Parks has not been properly analyzed and used to develop strategies for conversation, ecotourism and research. The proposed solution to this deficiency in the planning of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park is to invite relevent stakeholders comprising village government, community leaders, universities, researchers, non-governmental organisations and private organizations to actively collaborate in the process.

scholarly journals Golden hoard from Bushtino (Ukraine)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 331-344
Author(s):  
Josip Kobal’
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Bronze Age

The territory of the modern Transcarpathian region of Ukraine is rich in Bronze Age hoards (about 200 complexes are known). However, just a small part of them includes only gold objects. The gold items of the treasure were interpreted as Tarpa type earrings and dated to the Opaya horizon (BD). Re-analysis of the finding allowed reviewing the data of the statement. The article proposes to refer the complex to the period of the BC and, perhaps, even BB1, and to interpret gold implements as elements of a special hairstyle or headdress (crown?). The hoard from the village of Bushtino (Khust district), which is the focus of our article, also belongs to them. The hoard was discovered in 1911. It consisted of 13 jewellery items (11 gold pendants and 2 bracelets). To date, only 3 items have been saved. They are stored in Uzhgorod, in the Transcarpathian Museum of Local Lore named after Tyvodar Lehotsky. Jewellery items from Bushtino belong to two types: Tarpa type of earrings (1) and Bushtino type of pendants (2). All of them are ornamented in one technique and in one style, and also have common or close motives (paired zigzag lines, crosses, stars, etc. and their combinations) and compositions. The analysis of ornamental motifs of ornaments from Bushtino shows that most of them have analogies on products of earlier times, periods BB1 - BA2. Tarpa-type bronze earrings in the Pilin culture (Northern Hungary and Eastern Slovakia) mostly also date to an earlier time (BC period). The author of the article proposes to determine the chronology of the Bushtino hoard not later than the period of BC or even BB1. Based on archaeological and ethnographic data, as well as the number of ornaments in individual complexes, it is hypothesized that gold items from Bushtino could be either part of a special hairstyle (women?), or part of a special headdress (crown?) made of organic materials (fabric, leather). Rich headdresses (crowns) existed in the Bronze Age in Western Asia and Europe. Probably the implements from Bushtino belonged to someone from the elite unit of cultural bearers of Suciu de Sus (Stanovo). Key words: Superior Tisa Region, Bronze Age, gold hoard, chronology, interpretation.

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