OBSIDIAN SUB-SOURCES AT THE ZARAGOZA-OYAMELES QUARRY IN PUEBLA, MEXICO: SIMILARITIES WITH ALTOTONGA AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION THROUGHOUT MESOAMERICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. F. Knight ◽  
Heng Hu ◽  
Michael D. Glascock ◽  
Stephen A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Source Area ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
Flow Band ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Obsidian Source

We present data produced through archaeological and geological survey, as well as geochemical analysis of the Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian source area located on the northern and western flanks of the Los Humeros Caldera in eastern Puebla, Mexico. One result of the intensive archaeological surface survey of this obsidian source area was the identification of 117 obsidian flow-band exposures. Geologic samples from 40 of these were submitted for instrumental neutron activation analysis. Eighty-five projectile points collected from the surface were characterized using portable X-ray fluorescence. These analyses identified three sub-sources: Z-O1, Potreros Caldera, and Gomez Sur. The Gomez Sur sub-source appears chemically similar to the previously identified Altotonga source, located 25 km to the northeast. Results of the geological survey help elucidate the relationship of Altotonga obsidian with the Zaragoza-Oyameles source area. The data from the three sub-sources are compared to all consumer site data attributed to the Zaragoza-Oyameles source in the Missouri University Research Reactor database. Results indicate that the majority of consumer samples throughout Mesoamerica match the Z-O1 sub-source, while 4 percent match the Potreros Caldera sub-source. This information, combined with the Gomez Sur data, is discussed in terms of economic relations with the regional center of Cantona. Obsidian procurement and distribution may have been more nuanced than previously modeled. We suggest that a number of potentially independent communities in addition to Cantona may have been involved in distributing this obsidian throughout Mesoamerica.

Customary Law and the Economy

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper I discuss some aspects of the relationship of African customary law to the economy. Such a vast topic potentially embraces at least three different themes: the economic context in which African customary law has developed and operates today; the economic consequences and implications of different African customary laws; and the relationship between customary law and the economic aspect of society. These three themes inevitably overlap, but while recognising their interconnections I shall concentrate primarily on the third. My principal aim is to identify some of the linkages between customary law and economic relations, especially those linkages which become manifest during broad social changes.An examination of the relationship between customary law and the economy in Africa almost ineluctably requires an historical perspective. This is so, first, because, as I suggest later, customary law is historically specific: it developed in particular historical circumstances and in close conjunction with the formation of the colonial state. Thus, the foundations of customary law in Africa lie partly in the development of capitalism and its expansion from Europe during the colonial era. These interrelated processes have decisively moulded and subtly shaped the law, legal institutions and legal professions of contemporary Africa.More generally, however, it is essential today to envisage the possibility of new, alternative forms of development and social regulation. The particular forms of legal pluralism which characterise third world countries indicate, in many cases, that the subsumption of African economies within capitalist relations of production and exchange has thus far been merely partial and formal.

scholarly journals Improving Regional Socio-Economic Policies Based on Human Capital Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1166-1174
Author(s):  
Gairat Zuvaitovich Ubaydullaev
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Theoretical substantiation and development of an organizational and economic mechanism for managing human capital in the development of the country. The purpose of the study is to study the theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of human capital and the digital economy in the economy of Uzbekistan.The purpose of this work is to identify the development of socio-economic relations that characterize the relationship of human capital as an innovative factor in socio-economic development. The study focuses on the concepts and strategies of the country’s socio-economic development, developed by the state, giving priority attention to the growth of human capital and the development of the digital economy, the formation of targeted problem-solving programs.Comparisons and similarities in the work of our historical scientists in the development of the education system are the main goal in the growth of human capital.

scholarly journals Practices of Constructing Regional Identity in the Media Discourse of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
O. V. Ilyina ◽  
E. V. Kablukov
Keyword(s):  
Regional Identity ◽  
Cultural Identification ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
The Media ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Material

The authors consider identity as a conditional discursive construct, the result of subjects of discourse identifications and offer their own methodology for its analysis. It is shown that regional identity can be represented in the form of a model based on spatial and temporal identifications that specify the coordinate system of reality in which there are residents of the region in question. The concept of space-time is complemented by a set of diverse thematic identifications, including economic, political, cultural, ethnic, religious, linguistic, etc. For the first time in the framework of the socio-constructionist paradigm, a discursive model of the regional identity of the inhabitants of Tatarstan is constructed in the article. The empirical material of the study is the corpus of texts of Tatarstan media for 2017-2019. It is shown that the spatial identification of Tatarstan people includes the practice of selecting, nominating and describing significant geographical objects, the practice of constructing relations of Tatarstan with other geographical objects. Particular attention is paid to the practice of constructing the capital status of a regional center, as well as the relationship of spatial and political identifications. Analyzing the practices of ethnic, religious, linguistic and cultural identification, the authors come to the conclusion that the identity of the Tatarstan people is ethnocentric: despite the declared multinationality and multi-confessionality of the region, Tatars as an ethnic group, Tatar language, Tatar culture and Islam as a traditional religion of the Tatars are of particular importance.

The Cultural Affiliations and Chronological Position of the Clear Fork Focus

1947 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Charles Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

The importance of the Clear Fork Focus as a pre-pottery archaeological complex of north-central Texas has become generally known to archaeologists through the industry of its discoverer and principal proponent, Dr. Cyrus N. Ray, of Abilene, Texas. Unfortunately, the relationship of this complex to other and comparable archaeological cultures of Texas has been largely neglected and some regrettable misinformation in regard to its chronological position has been widely disseminated. In this paper the cultural affiliations and age of the Clear Fork Focus will be discussed in terms of the evidence presented by its discoverers and from the standpoint of new data derived from large scale excavations completed by the University of Texas in the terraces of the Colorado River near Austin, Texas. Additional information obtained by the writer through study of some twelve thousand projectile points from central, south, and western Texas, and their geographic and temporal distribution also is used.

scholarly journals Managing the sustainability of economic system as the basis of investment development in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Kozlovskyi ◽  
Illya Khadzhynov ◽  
Ivan Vlasenko ◽  
Liliya Marynchak
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Sustainability Concept ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Nowadays, studying the categories of “economic sustainability”, “economic sustainability management” and the peculiarities of these concepts is especially relevant. Their use would provide an opportunity to ensure the sustainable and most effective functioning of the subject of economic relations in the current period of time, as well as to create a high potential for its development and ensuring the conditions for investing capital in the Ukrainian economy. All this determined the purpose of this study, which consists in the analysis of the theory and essence of the economic sustainability concept, the interpretation of the concept of “economic sustainability of the system” and the concept of “management of economic sustainability of the system”, distinguishing factors affecting the sustainability of the Ukrainian economic system, determining the relationship of economic sustainability with economic security, investing as well as forecasting the level of the Ukrainian economy sustainability based on the innovative modeling methods. The object of the research is to develop the theory of the “economic sustainability” concept and to determine the level of economic sustainability of the economy aimed at raising the investment climate in Ukraine. To ensure the development, security and investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian economy, an organizational structure of the management model for the sustainability of the Ukrainian economic system was developed using the developed economic and mathematical model.

scholarly journals Western Caucasus written artifacts and the Danube script

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Лаура Альбердовна Нагоева
Keyword(s):  
Writing Systems ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Expansion

В рамках данной статьи рассматриваются западнокавказские письменные артефакты: проблемный аспект их изучения, основные тенденции предыдущих исследований, выдвигается гипотеза родства данных артефактов с протописьменными системами культур Восточной Европы и Ближнего Востока. Изучение данных культурных элементов в свете новых археологических данных позволяет рассматривать их как осколки неолитической знаковой системы. Наряду с цивилизационным скачком, произошедшим в неолите (земледелие и сельское хозяйство, крупные поселения и новый общественный уклад, значительно изменивший характер социально-экономических отношений), произошло переосмысление способов передачи и фиксации информации, тем самым образуя фундамент для возникновения протописьменных систем, распространившихся посредством культурной экспансии и миграций на большие территории, в том числе и Западный Кавказ. Также отмечается, что графическая основа кавказских памятников выходит за пределы кавказско-месопотамско-анатолийского ареала, подтверждением чего служит так называемое винчанское письмо. Делается вывод о том, что знаковый фундамент, сформировавшийся в дунайском энеолите, способствовал образованию первых цивилизаций в исследуемом регионе. This paper deals with the Western Caucasus written artifacts: the problematic aspect of their study, the main trends of previous studies, the hypothesis of the relationship of these artifacts with the oldest writing systems of cultures of Eastern Europe and the Middle East. The study of these cultural elements in the light of new archaeological data leads to the conclusion that they can be considered as fragments of the Neolithic sign system, in particular their commonality with the so-called Danube script. Along with the civilizational leap which occurred in the Neolithic (land husbandry and agriculture, large settlements and a new social structure that changed significantly the nature of socio-economic relations), a rethinking of the methods of transmitting and fixing information took place. Thus, the foundation for the emergence of writing systems that spread through cultural expansion and migration to large territories, including the Western Caucasus, was formed. The author also notes that the graphic basis of Caucasus monuments goes beyond the Caucasus-Mesopotamian-Anatolian range, as confirmed by the so-called Vinca script. It is inferred that the glyph foundation formed in the Danube Eneolithic contributed to the formation of the first civilizations in the region under study.

scholarly journals PATRON-CLIENT SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PALM OIL FARMERS AND TAUKE IN KREUNG ITAM VILLAGE TADU RAYA DISTRICT NAGAN RAYA DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Khori Suci Maifianti ◽  
Dedy Darmansyah ◽  
Ikhwanul Muslimin
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Client Relationship ◽  
Cooperative Relationship ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Krueng Itam village is one of the villages where the majority of the residents work as palm oil farmers and depend on palm oil plantations. In marketing to sell FFB (Fresh Fruit Bunch) palm oil farmers still rely on collector traders (agents) which in this case is referred to by the term "Tauke Sawit" (toke sawit). In the beginning, the relationship between palm oil farmers and the Tauke was limited to economic relations, such as the sale and purchase relationship between sellers and buyers. But in its development, the relationship turns into a relationship of dependence and interest that leads to a patron-client relationship. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation and interview process that is expected to be able to provide an overview of the social relationship between tauke and farmers. Based on the results of the study, the relationship between tauke and palm oil farmers is a patron- client relationship where palm oil tauke as the patron and palm oil farmers as clients. Palm oil farmers need tauke to accomodate the harvest of palm oil FFB and tauke needs palm oil FFB from farmers to be sold to Palm oil mills. In this cooperative relationship, farmers will usually borrow money for capital needs and others to the tauke, this makes the farmers' dependence on the tauke become greater so that each of them will maintain the relationship by respecting the existing norms so that the relationship has been established will not be broken easily. The relationship of patron-clients is more visible in the relationship between tauke and small farmers, this is because there is a clear difference in socio-economic status between the two, so that the tauke as a patron play a big role.

The Identification of pastoralist sites Within the context of estate-based agriculture in ancient Greece: beyond the ‘Transhumance versus agro-pastoralism’ debate

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Major Element ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The present ‘transhumance versus agro-pastoralism’ debate is here set within the context of a broadly based anthropological approach to pastoralism. Certain constant features of the relationship of pastoralists to their landscape are identifiable, although many aspects of pastoral strategies are variable over time and space and across socio-economic groups. The control of much of the pastoral exploitation of the landscape in antiquity by wealthy estate owners is one important difference from the present day. The resulting observations are applied to the archaeological record of isolated rural sites now widely known from surface survey projects. It is argued that the tendency to assume that pastoralists are archaeologically invisible has meant that these very visible sites have been ignored as possible pastoral bases. The location of a number of these sites suggests that pastoralism was a major element in the activities focused on them in antiquity.

scholarly journals Marketing Class Consciousness in A Passage to India: A Marxist Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (I) ◽  
pp. 362-375
Keyword(s):  
Caste System ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Marxist Ideology ◽  
Marxist Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper is aimed to analyze the novel A Passage to India from the Marxist perspective. For the analysis, the major theoretical insights have been taken from Marxist critics including Luckas (1968) and Antonio Gramci (1988). The analysis is thematic in nature. Generally, we see that Marxist criticism takes in consideration that the capitalist society is divided into haves and haves not. Lucaks (1968) considers that Marxist ideology can be extended from mere class conflicts to the class and caste system, gender, and race also. Therefore, this analysis has been extended from the simple Marxist category of class conflicts to the exploitation of the underdeveloped and developed, colonizer and the colonized, religion as well. Gramscian model Marxist criticism considers ideology as superstructure and state apparatuses as discursive tools of exploitation. In relation to Marxist critique, we see that the relationship of both bourgeoisie and proletariat classes is parallel to the colonizer and colonized in imperialist conditions. At present Marxist criticism also includes slavery as an outcome of socio and economic un-equality. Marxist criticism counts religion as a marker of raising class consciousness. It has been found in the study that the English people and administrative were the men of resources in India. The English had exploited the Indians on account of being without resources. In the conclusion, A Passage to India as a piece of literature represents the ideological and class-based relations based on economic relations. Keywords: Marxist ideology, Class Conflict, Class Consciousness, Religion and Race

Ceramic Sequence in Central Basin and Hopewell Sites in Central Illinois

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Bluhm
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Clean Break ◽  
Central Illinois ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diagnostic Traits

The Morton Focus of the Central Basin Phase, or simply Central Basin, is a Woodland assemblage found in central Illinois. There has been a good deal of controversy concerning the relationship of Central Basin and Hopewell since the two were described (Cole and Deuel, 1937, pp. 222-3). Some believed the two were so much alike that perhaps they were the same thing, Central Basin being a poor Hopewellian village group; others believed there was no overlap, but a clean break between them. Most of this controversy was based on ceramic material and the absence of Hopewellian burial mound traits in association with Central Basin pottery. Cole and Deuel (1937, p. 203) saidAside from the diagnostic traits, the balance of the artifacts found in Hopewellian sites seem to belong to the Central Basin Phase of the Woodland Pattern. Most of the knives and projectile points are of Type 1 and only differ from Central Basin in being, on the whole, better made.

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