scholarly journals Smokers’ Treatment Expectancies Predict Smoking Cessation Success

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Fucito ◽  
Benjamin A. Toll ◽  
Corey R. Roos ◽  
Andrea C. King
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Treatment Expectancies ◽  
Medication Experience ◽  
To Receive

Introduction: Smokers’ treatment expectancies may influence their choice of a particular medication as well as their medication experience.Aims: This study examined the role of smokers’ treatment expectancies to their smoking cessation outcomes in a completed, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone for smoking cessation, controlling for perceptions of treatment assignment.Methods: Treatment-seeking cigarette smokers (N = 315) were randomized to receive either naltrexone (50 mg) or placebo in combination with nicotine patch and behavioural counselling. Expectancies for naltrexone as a smoking cessation aid were assessed at baseline and four weeks after the quit date.Results: More positive baseline medication expectancies predicted higher quit rates at one month in the naltrexone group (OR = 1.45, p = 0.04) but were associated with lower quit rates in the placebo group (OR = 0.66, p = 0.03). Maintaining and/or increasing positive medication expectancies in the first month of treatment was associated with better pill adherence during this interval in the naltrexone group (ps < 0.05). Positive baseline medication expectancies were also associated with the perception of having received naltrexone over placebo among all participants.Conclusions: Positive medication expectancies in smokers may contribute to better treatment response. Assessing treatment expectancies and attempting to maintain or improve them may be important for the delivery, evaluation, and targeting of smoking cessation treatments.

A Double-Blind Trial of Intramuscular Stanozolol in the Prevention of Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Elective Abdominal Surgery

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 071-074 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Blarney ◽  
B M McArdle ◽  
P Burns ◽  
D C Carter ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
To Receive

SummaryFibrinolytic shutdown may be important in the development of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We have previously shown that stanozolol 50 mg, given intramuscularly 24 hr before surgery, prevents the decrease in plasminogen activator activity (PA) seen on the first postoperative day in patients at high risk of DVT. To investigate the role of fibrinolytic shutdown in causation of DVT, sixty patients were randomised in a double-blind controlled trial to receive stanozolol or placebo intramuscularly, and DVT was detected by leg scanning and confirmed by venography. Scan positive DVT occurred in IT of 31 placebo patients (35%) and 12 of 29 who received stanozolol (41%). A significant decrease in PA was confirmed in the placebo group, while stanozolol caused a significant increase in PA on the first postoperative day. Patients in either group who did not develop DVT showed minimal changes in PA. We conclude that prevention of fibrinolytic shutdown by this regimen of stanozolol does not prevent postoperative DVT, and that further studies are required to clarify the relationships of postoperative fibrinolysis and DVT.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a nasal spray containing Iota-Carrageenan in the prophylaxis of COVID-19 in hospital personnel dedicated to patients care with COVID-19 disease. A pragmatic multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (CARR-COV-02)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Figueroa ◽  
Monica Lombardo ◽  
Ariel Dogliotti ◽  
Luis Flynn ◽  
Robert P. Giugliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hospital Personnel ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
To Receive

Background Iota-Carrageenan (I-C) is a sulfate polysaccharide synthesized by red algae, with demonstrated antiviral activity and clinical efficacy as nasal spray in the treatment of common cold. In vitro, I-C inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture. Methods This is a pragmatic multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the use of a nasal spray containing I-C in the prophylaxis of COVID-19 in hospital personnel dedicated to care of COVID-19 patients. Clinically healthy physicians, nurses, kinesiologists and others medical providers were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive four daily doses of I-C spray or placebo for 21 days. The primary end point was clinical COVID-19, as confirmed by reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction testing, over a period of 21 days. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04521322). Findings A total of 394 individuals were randomly assigned to receive I-C or placebo. Both treatment groups had similar baseline characteristics. The incidence of COVID-19 was significantly lower in the I-C group compared to placebo (1.0% vs 5.0%) (Odds Ratio 0.19 (95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.77; p= 0.03). Workday loss in placebo group compared to I-C were 1.6% days / person (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.2); p <0.0001 There were no differences in the incidence of adverse events across the two groups (17.3% in the I-C group and 15.2% in the placebo group, p= 0.5). Interpretation I-C showed significant efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospital personnel dedicated to care patients with COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals A Controlled Trial of Bupropion Added to Nicotine Patch and Behavioral Therapy for Smoking Cessation in Adults With Unipolar Depressive Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eden Evins ◽  
Melissa A. Culhane ◽  
Jonathan E. Alpert ◽  
Joel Pava ◽  
Bruce S. Liese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Controlled Trial

scholarly journals Effect of a Fermented Milk CombiningLactobacillus AcidophilusCL1285 andLactobacillus Caseiin the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 732-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Beausoleil ◽  
Nadia Fortier ◽  
Stéphanie Guénette ◽  
Amélie L’Ecuyer ◽  
Michel Savoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Potential Measure ◽  
To Receive

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is an important problem in hospitalized patients. The use of probiotics is gaining interest in the scientific community as a potential measure to prevent this complication. The main objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a fermented milk combiningLactobacillus acidophilusandLactobacillus caseithat is widely available in Canada, in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized study, hospitalized patients were randomly assigned to receive either a lactobacilli-fermented milk or a placebo on a daily basis.RESULTS: Among 89 randomized patients, antibiotic-associated diarrhea occurred in seven of 44 patients (15.9%) in the lactobacilli group and in 16 of 45 patients (35.6%) in the placebo group (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.125 to 0.944; P=0.05). The median hospitalization duration was eight days in the lactobacilli group, compared with 10 days in the placebo group (P=0.09). Overall, the lactobacilli-fermented milk was well tolerated.CONCLUSION: The daily administration of a lactobacilli-fermented milk was safe and effective in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients.

Clonidine is not a Useful Adjunct to Methadone Gradual Detoxification in Opioid Addiction

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Ghodse ◽  
Judith Myles ◽  
Stephen E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Drug Dependence Treatment

BackgroundThe role of clonidine in the management of opioid-dependent individuals undergoing gradual detoxification.MethodA double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 86 voluntary in-patients (59 male, 27 female) aged 18–47 years, at a specialist drug-dependence treatment unit. Patients entered the trial when on 40 mg of methadone daily or less, and were randomised to receive incremental doses of clonidine (increasing from 0.2 mg daily to 1.2 mg daily) during a 14-day period of gradual methadone detoxification and for four weeks thereafter. Blood pressure was monitored and severity of opioid abstinence was assessed by questionnaire and by clinical examination.ResultHalf the subjects were withdrawn or defaulted from the trial by the end of two weeks, those receiving clonidine earlier than those receiving dummy medication (9 of the former and only one of the latter because of systemic hypotension). Similar proportions of subjects completed detoxification in the two groups. In those who completed detoxification, clonidine did not significantly reduce either the symptoms or objective signs of opioid withdrawal.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that clonidine has no place as an adjunct to a programme of gradual opioid detoxification.

scholarly journals Nicotine patch preloading for smoking cessation (the preloading trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Lindson-Hawley ◽  
Tim Coleman ◽  
Graeme Docherty ◽  
Peter Hajek ◽  
Sarah Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Efficacy of a sleep health intervention to optimize standard smoking cessation treatment response: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Freda Patterson ◽  
Michael A. Grandner ◽  
Susan K. Malone ◽  
Ryan T. Pohlig ◽  
Rebecca L. Ashare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
End Of Treatment

AbstractBackgroundWe tested if an adjunctive sleep health (SH) intervention improved smoking cessation treatment response by increasing quit rates. We also examined if baseline sleep, and improvements in sleep in the first weeks of quitting, were associated with quitting at the end of treatment.MethodsTreatment-seeking smokers (N = 29) aged 21–65 years were randomized to a SH intervention (n = 16), or general health (GH) control (n = 13) condition. Participants received six counseling sessions across 15-weeks: SH received smoking cessation + SH counseling; GH received smoking cessation + GH counseling. Counseling began 4-weeks before the target quit date (TQD), and varenicline treatment began 1-week prior to TQD. Smoking status and SH were assessed at baseline (week 1), TQD (week 4), 3 weeks after cessation (week 7), week 12, and at the end of treatment (EOT; week 15).ResultsSH versus GH participants had higher Carbon Monoxide (CO) -verified, 7-day point prevalence abstinence at EOT (69% vs. 54%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.40–10.69, P = 0.77). Higher baseline sleep efficiency (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.03–1.96, P = 0.03), predicted higher EOT cessation. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, and baseline nicotine dependence.ConclusionsImproving SH in treatment-seeking smokers prior to cessation warrants further examination as a viable strategy to promote cessation.

The effect of nadolol on heart rate in hyperthyroidism. A controlled trial

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
J. H. Lazarus ◽  
J. C. Kingswood ◽  
R. John
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Early Management ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract. Twenty hyperthyroid patients were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive either nadolol 80 mg/day or placebo for 2 weeks; all patients then took carbimazole as well from 2–6 weeks. Twenty-four hour Holter ECG recordings at 0, 2 and 6 weeks showed that nadolol reduced the mean maximum heart rate by 19.9% (P < 0.0005) at 2 weeks and by 30.3% (P < 0.0005) at 6 weeks compared to 5.2% (ns) and 18.3% (P < 0.0005) in patients taking placebo. There was no alteration of the normal circadian variation of heart rate by nadolol. The minimum heart rate before therapy was significantly correlated with FT4 (r = 0.52) and with FT3 (r = 0.44). The percentage of time per hour during which the heart rate was greater than 100 was reduced by 79% at week 2 by nadolol compared to 22% in the placebo group. At the 6 week point the placebo group still had a tachycardia (mean maximum heart rate 101.6 beats/min ± 15.2 sd) compared to the nadolol group (80.4 ± 7.7). Nadolol did not cause excessive bradycardia. It is effective in the early management of hyperthyroidism and should be given for at least the first 4–6 weeks.

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