scholarly journals Culturable bacteria isolated from seven high-altitude ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (249) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONGQIN LIU ◽  
JOHN C. PRISCU ◽  
TANDONG YAO ◽  
TRISTA J. VICK-MAJORS ◽  
ALEXANDER B. MICHAUD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
New Information ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Glacier Ice

ABSTRACTMicroorganisms are the most abundant organisms on Earth, and microbial abundance records preserved in ice cores have been connected to records of environmental change. As an alternative to high resolution abundance records, which can be difficult to recover, we used culture-dependent and culture-independent methods to examine bacteria in glacier ice from the Tibetan Plateau (TP). We recovered a total of 887 bacterial isolates from ice cores of up to 164 m in depth retrieved from seven glaciers, located across the TP. These isolates were related to 53 genera in theActinobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes, andProteobacteria, with 13 major genera accounting for 78% of isolates. Most of the genera were common across the geographic region covered by our sampling, but there were differences in the genera recovered from different depths in the ice, with the deepest portions of the ice cores dominated by a single genus (Sporosarcina). Because microorganisms deposited on glaciers must survive atmospheric transport under a range of temperatures, temperature tolerance should be an important survival mechanism. We tested isolate growth across a range of temperatures (0–35 °C), and found psychrotolerance to be common. Together, our results show that ice depth, and by extension age, are characterized by different types of microorganisms, providing new information about microbial records in ice.

scholarly journals Decapitation of high-altitude glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by ice core tritium and mercury records

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Kang ◽  
F. Y. Wang ◽  
U. Morgenstern ◽  
Y. L. Zhang ◽  
B. Grigholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Ice Accumulation ◽  
Glacier Ice

Abstract. Two ice cores were retrieved from high elevations (~ 5800 m a.s.l.) at Mt. Nyainqentanglha and Mt. Geladaindong in the southern to inland Tibetan Plateau. The combined analysis of tritium (3H), 210Pb, mercury tracers, along with other chemical records, revealed that the two coring sites had not received net ice accumulation since at least the 1950s and 1980s, respectively, implying an annual ice loss rate of more than several hundred millimeter water equivalent over these periods. Both mass balance modeling at the sites and in situ data from nearby glaciers confirmed a continuously negative mass balance (or mass loss) in the region due to the dramatic warming in the last decades. Along with a recent report on Naimona'nyi Glacier in the Himalaya, the findings suggest that glacier decapitation (i.e., the loss of the accumulation zone) is a wide-spread phenomenon from the southern to inland Tibetan Plateau even at the summit regions. This raises concerns over the rapid rate of glacier ice loss and associated changes in surface glacier runoff, water availability, and sea levels.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Composition Analysis in Spring Aerosols at Urban and Remote Sites over the Tibetan Plateau

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Prakriti Sharma Ghimire ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Wasim Sajjad ◽  
Barkat Ali ◽  
Lekhendra Tripathee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

This study presents features of airborne culturable bacteria and fungi from three different sites (Lanzhou; LZ; 1520 m ASL, Lhasa; LS; 3640 m ASL and Qomolangma; ZF; 4276 m ASL) representing urban (LZ and LS) and remote sites (ZF) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected with an air sampler (Laoying 2030, China) on a quartz filter. Community structures of bacteria and fungi were studied and compared among three different locations. The average levels of bacterial load in the outdoor air ranged from approximately 8.03 × 101 to 3.25 × 102 CFU m–3 (Colony forming unit per m3). However, the average levels of fungal loads ranged from approximately 3.88 × 100 to 1.55 × 101 CFU m−3. Bacterial load was one magnitude higher at urban sites LZ (2.06 × 102–3.25 × 102 CFU m−3) and LS (1.96 × 102–3.23 × 102 CFU m−3) compared to remote sites ZF (8.03 × 101–9.54 × 101 CFU m−3). Similarly, the maximum fungal load was observed in LZ (1.02 × 101–1.55 × 101 CFU m−3) followed by LS (1.03 × 101–1.49 × 101 CFU m−3) and ZF (3.88 × 100–6.26 × 100 CFU m−3). However, the maximum microbial concentration was observed on the same day of the month, corresponding to a high dust storm in Lanzhou during the sampling period. The reported isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes for bacteria and ITS sequences for fungi amplified from directly extracted DNA. Bacterial isolates were mostly associated with Proteobacteria, Eurotiomycetes and Bacillus, whereas fungal isolates were mostly Aspergillus and Alternaria. Overall, this is a pioneer study that provides information about the airborne microbial concentration and composition of three sites over the TP region depending on environmental parameters. This study provided preliminary insight to carry out more advanced and targeted analyses of bioaerosol in the sites presented in the study.

scholarly journals The visible spectroscopy of iron oxide minerals in dust particles from ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau

Tellus B ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 29191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjian Wu ◽  
Tianli Xu ◽  
Xuelei Zhang ◽  
Chenglong Zhang ◽  
Ni Yan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxide Minerals

scholarly journals Temperature variations over the past millennium on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by four ice cores

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tandong Yao ◽  
Keqin Duan ◽  
L.G. Thompson ◽  
Ninglian Wang ◽  
Lide Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau

AbstractTemperature variation on the Tibetan Plateau over the last 1000 years has been inferred using a composite δ18O record from four ice cores. Data from a new ice core recovered from the Puruogangri ice field in the central Tibetan Plateau are combined with those from three other cores (Dunde, Guliya and Dasuopu) recovered previously. The ice-core δ18O composite record indicates that the temperature change on the whole Tibetan Plateau is similar to that in the Northern Hemisphere on multi-decadal timescales except that there is no decreasing trend from AD 1000 to the late 19th century. The δ18O composite record from the northern Tibetan Plateau, however, indicates a cooling trend from AD 1000 to the late 19th century, which is more consistent with the Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction. The δ18O composite record reveals the existence of the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age (LIA) on the Tibetan Plateau. However, on the Tibetan Plateau the LIA is not the coldest period during the last millennium as in other regions in the Northern Hemisphere. The present study indicates that the 20th-century warming on the Tibetan Plateau is abrupt, and is warmer than at any time during the past 1000 years.

scholarly journals Holocene climate variability archived in the Puruogangri ice cap on the central Tibetan Plateau

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonnie G. Thompson ◽  
Yao Tandong ◽  
Mary E. Davis ◽  
Ellen Mosley-Thompson ◽  
Tracy A. Mashiotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Monsoon System ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Ice Core Records

AbstractTwo ice cores (118.4 and 214.7 m in length) were collected in 2000 from the Puruogangri ice cap in the center of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in a joint US-Chinese collaborative project. These cores yield paleoclimatic and environmental records extending through the Middle Holocene, and complement previous ice-core histories from the Dunde and Guliya ice caps in northeast and northwest Tibet, respectively, and Dasuopu glacier in the Himalaya. The high-resolution Puruogangri climate record since AD 1600 details regional temperature and moisture variability. The post-1920 period is characterized by above-average annual net balance, contemporaneous with the greatest 18O enrichment of the last 400 years, consistent with the isotopically inferred warming observed in other TP ice-core records. On longer timescales the aerosol history reveals large and abrupt events, one of which is dated ∼4.7 kyr BP and occurs close to the time of a drought that extended throughout the tropics and may have been associated with centuries-long weakening of the Asian/Indian/African monsoon system. The Puruogangri climate history, combined with the other TP ice-core records, has the potential to provide valuable information on variations in the strength of the monsoon across the TP during the Holocene.

scholarly journals Oxygen-18 concentrations in recent precipitation and ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (D9) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tian ◽  
T. Yao ◽  
P. F. Schuster ◽  
J. W. C. White ◽  
K. Ichiyanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau

scholarly journals Volume-size distribution of microparticles in ice cores from the Tibetan Plateau

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (193) ◽  
pp. 859-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjian Wu ◽  
Tandong Yao ◽  
Baiqing Xu ◽  
Lide Tian ◽  
Chenglong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution ◽  
Volume Size

AbstractThe volume distribution of atmospheric dust particles (microparticles) of 1–30 μm diameter in Muztagata, Dunde, Dasuopu and Everest ice cores from the Tibetan Plateau was measured and fitted as a log-normal function in order to characterize their basic size properties. Our results reveal that whether the volume distribution fits the log-normal function or not largely depends on the dust concentration and the specific dust-storm event but is independent of physiographical location and season. Our results show only high-concentration samples obey the log-normal distribution in volume, with mode sizes ranging from 3 to 161 μm. The log-normal distribution was largely attributed to the mid-sized particles between 3 and 15 μm, which contribute most (>70%) of the total volume. The volume size distribution characteristics for mineral dust particles from ice cores reveal that the coarse particles might be common in the upper-level troposphere over the Tibetan Plateau. These dust size features are useful to advance our understanding of dust effects on climate, and provide clues to better characterize atmospheric dynamics over the Tibetan Plateau that will help to improve the current models.

scholarly journals 1000 years of climatic change in China: ice-core δ18O evidence

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Lin ◽  
L.G. Thompson ◽  
M.E. Davis ◽  
E. Mosley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Western China ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Recent Warming ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature

Since 1987, ice cores have been drilled from the Dunde and Guliya ice caps on the Tibetan Plateau, western China. Here, the oxygen isotopic (δ18O) records for the last 1000 years from both these cores are compiled and compared. Using surface temperature observations since the mid-1960s from meteorological stations on the plateau and δ18O measured on precipitation collected contemporaneously, the empirical relationship: δ18O = 0.6 T s – 12 is established. δ18O appears to serve as a reasonable proxy for regional surface temperatures and a reasonable basis for reconstructing 1000a proxy temperature records from Dunde and Guliya. The reconstructed temperature histories for Dunde (on the eastern Tibetan Plateau) and Guliya (on the western Tibetan Plateau) show some centennial-scale similarities, but reveal quite different histories for higher-frequency variability over the last millennium. The ice-core δ18O histories from Dunde and Guliya are compared with a tree-ring index from western China and the dust-fall record from eastern China, but show no consistent relationship. The most prominent similarity between the reconstructed temperature histories for Dunde and Guliya is the marked warming of the last few decades. From the 1000a perspective provided be these ice-core records, the recent warming on Dunde is unique in its strength and persistence; however, the warming on Guliya (inferred from 18O enrichment) is more recent (since 1985) and not unprecedented. This recent warming over the Tibetan Plateau is evident in the limited meteorological records.

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