scholarly journals Attenuation of glycaemic and insulin responses following tapioca resistant maltodextrin consumption in healthy subjects: a randomised cross-over controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaida Astina ◽  
Suwimol Sapwarobol
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tolerability ◽  
Resistant Maltodextrin

Abstract Resistant maltodextrin (RMD) from various sources of starch has been extensively studied. However, studies which reported the effects of tapioca RMD (TRM) on glucose and insulin response are lacking. This study investigated the effect of TRM on postprandial plasma glucose and serum insulin in healthy subjects. Additionally, satiety and gastrointestinal tolerability were also evaluated. Sixteen healthy participants received five different treatments on five separate days. Participants received 50 g of either: glucose (GL), tapioca maltodextrin (TM), TRM, MIX15% (7⋅5 g TRM + 42⋅5 g TM) or MIX50% (25 g TRM + 25 g TM). Plasma glucose, serum insulin and subjective appetite responses were measured postprandially over 180 min. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire before and after each test day. Results showed that at 30 min after treatment drinks, plasma glucose after TRM was significantly lowest (104⋅60 (sem 2⋅63 mg/dl) than after GL (135⋅87 (sem 4⋅88) mg/dl; P <0⋅001), TM (127⋅93 (sem 4⋅05) mg/dl; P = 0⋅001), MIX15% (124⋅67 (sem 5⋅73) mg/dl; P = 0⋅039) and MIX50% (129⋅33 (sem 5⋅23) mg/dl; P = 0⋅003) (1 mg/dl = 0⋅0555 mmol/l). In addition, TRM also significantly reduced serum insulin (13⋅01 (sem 2⋅12) μIU/ml) compared with GL (47⋅90 (sem 11⋅93) μIU/ml; P = 0⋅013), TM (52⋅96 (sem 17⋅68) μIU/ml; P = 0⋅002) and MIX50% (33⋅16 (sem 4⋅99) μIU/ml; P = 0⋅008). However, there were no significant differences in subjective appetite between treatments (P > 0⋅05). A single high dose of TRM (50 g) caused flatulence (P < 0⋅05). Tapioca resistant maltodextrin has low digestibility in the small intestine and, therefore, reduced incremental plasma glucose and serum insulin, without affecting satiety in healthy subjects over 180 min. Gastrointestinal tolerability of TRM should be considered when consumed in high doses.

scholarly journals Serum Insulin Aspart Concentrations following High-Dose Insulin Aspart Administered Directly into the Duodenum of Healthy Subjects: An Open-Labeled, Single-Blinded, and Uncontrolled Exploratory Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1191
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Ihlo ◽  
Karin Bak Aksglæde ◽  
Torben Laursen ◽  
Torsten Lauritzen ◽  
Jens Sandahl Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Human Insulin ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Aspart ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Endogenous Insulin

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the bioavailability of high-dose insulin aspart administered directly into the duodenum of healthy subjects. Methods: In a pilot study, four subjects each received four escalating doses of a 1-ml solution of insulin aspart (100, 300, 600, and 1000 IU, respectively) directly into the duodenum. In the following main study, eight subjects each received two identical doses of insulin aspart of 1000 IU, in 4- and 8-ml solutions, respectively, directly into the duodenum. Subjects in the main study also received an intravenous and a subcutaneous injection of 4 to 6 IU of insulin aspart. Results: A considerable number of samples and, in some cases, consecutive samples revealed significantly increased concentrations of serum insulin aspart. Despite the significant serum insulin aspart concentrations, no significant changes of plasma glucose were measured. Moreover, no significant suppression of endogenous insulin secretion was detected, as assessed by the levels of serum human insulin. Conclusions: Administration of high-dose insulin aspart directly into the duodenum of healthy subjects resulted in significantly increased serum insulin aspart concentrations in a high number of consecutive samples using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, no significant changes in the levels of plasma glucose or serum human insulin were observed. Thus, the study did not provide any evidence of biological activity of the original insulin aspart molecule after high-dose administration directly into the duodenum.

scholarly journals Acute plasma glucose increase, but not early insulin response, regulates plasma ghrelin

2003 ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Briatore ◽  
G Andraghetti ◽  
R Cordera
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Early Insulin Response ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

OBJECTIVE: The independent role of glucose and insulin in ghrelin regulation is still controversial; this is also because in healthy subjects it is difficult to isolate the increase of glucose from that of insulin. The aim of this study was to discriminate the effect of glucose increase alone and early insulin response on plasma ghrelin, comparing ghrelin variation after i.v. glucose between healthy subjects and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects, in whom the early insulin response to i.v. glucose is abolished. METHODS: Plasma glucose, insulin and ghrelin levels were measured 0, 3, 5, 10, 30, 45 and 60 min after a 5 g glucose i.v. bolus in seven healthy control subjects and eight T2DM subjects. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in body mass index, basal insulin and basal ghrelin between T2DM and healthy subjects. Basal glucose levels were higher in T2DM subjects than in controls. After i.v. glucose administration, plasma glucose increased significantly in both groups and the glucose peak was higher in T2DM subjects than in controls (9.67+/-1.25 (s.d.) vs 6.88+/-1.00 mmol/l, P<0.01). Insulin increased rapidly in controls, while in T2DM subjects, plasma insulin did not rise in the first 10 min. After the glucose bolus, plasma ghrelin showed a significant reduction both in controls and in T2DM subjects after 5 min. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that a low-dose i.v. glucose bolus reduces ghrelin both in controls and in T2DM subjects and therefore that early insulin response does not affect plasma ghrelin.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Effects of Exogenous Ketone Drinks are Infrequent, Mild, and Vary According to Ketone Compound and Dose

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna J. Stubbs ◽  
Pete J. Cox ◽  
Tom Kirk ◽  
Rhys D. Evans ◽  
Kieran Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Standard Meal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptom Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tolerability ◽  
Type Frequency ◽  
Symptom Type ◽  
Total Visit ◽  
Meal Study

Exogenous ketone drinks may improve athletic performance and recovery, but information on their gastrointestinal tolerability is limited. Studies to date have used a simplistic reporting methodology that inadequately represents symptom type, frequency, and severity. Herein, gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded during three studies of exogenous ketone monoester (KME) and salt (KS) drinks. Study 1 compared low- and high-dose KME and KS drinks consumed at rest. Study 2 compared KME with isocaloric carbohydrate (CHO) consumed at rest either when fasted or after a standard meal. Study 3 compared KME+CHO with isocaloric CHO consumed before and during 3.25 hr of bicycle exercise. Participants reported symptom type and rated severity between 0 and 8 using a Likert scale at regular intervals. The number of visits with no symptoms reported after ketone drinks was n = 32/60 in Study 1, n = 9/32 in Study 2, and n = 20/42 in Study 3. Following KME and KS drinks, symptoms were acute but mild and were fully resolved by the end of the study. High-dose KS drinks caused greater total-visit symptom load than low-dose KS drinks (13.8 ± 4.3 vs. 2.0 ± 1.0; p < .05) and significantly greater time-point symptom load than KME drinks 1–2 hr postdrink. At rest, KME drinks caused greater total-visit symptom load than CHO drinks (5.0 ± 1.6 vs. 0.6 ± 0.4; p < .05). However, during exercise, there was no significant difference in total-visit symptom load between KME+CHO (4.2 ± 1.0) and CHO (7.2 ± 1.9) drinks. In summary, exogenous ketone drinks cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms that depend on time, the type and amount of compound consumed, and exercise.

scholarly journals Sucralose decreases insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonso Romo-Romo ◽  
Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas ◽  
Griselda X Brito-Córdova ◽  
Rita A Gómez-Díaz ◽  
Paloma Almeda-Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Insulin Response ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose

ABSTRACT Background Recently, the absence of metabolic effects from nonnutritive sweeteners has been questioned. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sucralose consumption on glucose metabolism variables. Design We performed a randomized controlled trial involving healthy subjects without comorbidities and with a low habitual consumption of nonnutritive sweeteners (n = 33/group). Methods The intervention consisted of sucralose consumption as 15% of Acceptable Daily Intake every day for 14 d using commercial sachets. The control group followed the same procedures without any intervention. The glucose metabolism variables (insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response to glucose, disposition index, and glucose effectiveness) were evaluated by using a 3-h modified intravenous-glucose-tolerance test before and after the intervention period. Results Individuals assigned to sucralose consumption showed a significant decrease in insulin sensitivity with a median (IQR) percentage change of −17.7% (−29.3% to −1.0%) in comparison to −2.8% (−30.7% to 40.6%) in the control group (P= 0.04). An increased acute insulin response to glucose from 577 mU · L-1· min (350–1040 mU · L-1· min) to 671 mU · L-1· min (376–1010 mU · L-1· min) (P = 0.04) was observed in the sucralose group for participants with adequate adherence. Conclusions Sucralose may have effects on glucose metabolism, and our study complements findings previously reported in other trials. Further studies are needed to confirm the decrease in insulin sensitivity and to explore the mechanisms for these metabolic alterations. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02589002.

scholarly journals Ingestion of Leucine + Phenylalanine with Glucose Produces an Additive Effect on Serum Insulin but Less than Additive Effect on Plasma Glucose

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer F. Iverson ◽  
Mary C. Gannon ◽  
Frank Q. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Free Body ◽  
The Individual

Most individual amino acids stimulate insulin secretion and attenuate the plasma glucose response when ingested with glucose. We determined whether ingestion of two amino acids simultaneously with glucose would result in an additive effect on the glucose area response compared with ingestion of amino acids individually. Leucine and phenylalanine were chosen because they were two of the most potent glucose-lowering amino acids when given individually. Eight healthy subjects were studied on four separate days. Test meals were given at 0800. The first meal was a water control. Subjects then received 25 g glucose or leucine + phenylalanine (1 mmol/kg fat free body mass each) ±25 g glucose in random order. Glucose, insulin and glucagon were measured frequently for 2.5 hours thereafter. Net areas under the curves were calculated using the mean fasting value as baseline. The insulin response to leucine + phenylalanine was additive. In contrast, the decrease in glucose response to leucine + phenylalanine + glucose was less than additive compared to the individual amino acids ingested with glucose. Interestingly, the insulin response to the combination was largely due to the leucine component, whereas the glucose response was largely due to the phenylalanine component. Glucose was unchanged when leucine or phenylalanine, alone or in combination, was ingested without glucose. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01471509.

scholarly journals Postprandial Glycaemic and Insulinaemic Responses after Consumption of Activated Wheat and Triticale Grain Flakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laila Meija ◽  
Guna Havensone ◽  
Aivars Lejnieks
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Increasing evidence shows that whole grain consumption is protective against metabolic disorders. Protective bioactive substances of whole grains include fibre and antioxidants. Activation of grains can increase the amount of phenolic compounds and their bioavailability, but there is little evidence about their effect on glycaemic and insulinemic responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate glycaemic and insulinemic responses after consumption of flakes made from activated wheat and activated triticale grains. Eighteen healthy subjects (7 men and 11 women) were given activated wheat or activated triticale flakes. As a reference, a standard glucose solution was used. Plasma glucose and serum insulin were measured during 120 minutes. Both, activated wheat and activated triticale flakes, show improved glycaemic profile, inducing a lower and more stable glycaemic response. However, statistically significant differences in insulin response were found only in the group who have taken activated triticale flakes and not in the group who have taken activated wheat flakes. Activated triticale flakes induced lower insulin response in all postprandial phases and a more stable concentration of insulin. Thus, activated triticale flakes could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals A CLINICAL STUDY ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OF COMBINATION THERAPY OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND METFORMIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Syed Safiullah Ghori ◽  
Amit Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Β Cell Function

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed at determination of safety and efficacy of combination therapy of dapagliflozin and metformin in the treatment of Type2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study depending on demographic parameters and clinical data of the patients. The primaryefficacy criterion was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after a minimum of 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary efficacy parameters wereHbA1c value after 12 weeks, fasting and 1 hrs postprandial glucose, serum insulin and triglyceride levels, after a standardized meal, all after 12 weeksof treatment. Safety and tolerability were evaluated by the incidence of adverse events reported by patients. Patient visits to the clinical center werescheduled at screening, start of the run-in period.Results: Reductions in levels of postprandial plasma glucose were observed in all the active treatment groups. The reductions in patients receivingmetformin plus dapagliflozin combination therapy were significantly greater (p<0.0001). It was clear that lower postprandial plasma insulin levelsdespite higher postprandial plasma glucose levels suggest decreased β-cell function. Changes in fasting serum insulin observed from baseline to theend of treatment did not differ significantly between metformin plus dapagliflozin combination therapy and metformin monotherapy and showed noconsistent trend.Conclusion: The results from the study suggest that the combination of the drugs was effective in controlling glycemic levels and also were safe. Noserious adverse drug reactions were reported by the patients when used daily once for 6 months.Keywords: Dapagliflozin, Metformin, Postprandial and glycemic.

scholarly journals Ceylon cinnamon does not affect postprandial plasma glucose or insulin in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1845-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Wickenberg ◽  
Sandra Lindstedt ◽  
Kerstin Berntorp ◽  
Jan Nilsson ◽  
Joanna Hlebowicz
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Federal Institute

Previous studies on healthy subjects have shown that the intake of 6 g Cinnamomum cassia reduces postprandial glucose and that the intake of 3 g C. cassia reduces insulin response, without affecting postprandial glucose concentrations. Coumarin, which may damage the liver, is present in C. cassia, but not in Cinnamomum zeylanicum. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of C. zeylanicum on postprandial concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, glycaemic index (GI) and insulinaemic index (GII) in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). A total of ten subjects with IGT were assessed in a crossover trial. A standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered together with placebo or C. zeylanicum capsules. Finger-prick capillary blood samples were taken for glucose measurements and venous blood for insulin measurements, before and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after the start of the OGTT. The ingestion of 6 g C. zeylanicum had no significant effect on glucose level, insulin response, GI or GII. Ingestion of C. zeylanicum does not affect postprandial plasma glucose or insulin levels in human subjects. The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment in Europe has suggested the replacement of C. cassia by C. zeylanicum or the use of aqueous extracts of C. cassia to lower coumarin exposure. However, the positive effects seen with C. cassia in subjects with poor glycaemic control would then be lost.

scholarly journals Effects of consumption of main and side dishes with white rice on postprandial glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 responses in healthy Japanese men

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1632-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Kameyama ◽  
Chizuko Maruyama ◽  
Sadako Matsui ◽  
Risa Araki ◽  
Yuichiro Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
Meal Consumption

The co-ingestion of protein, fat and fibre with carbohydrate reportedly affects postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) responses. However, the effects of combination dishes with carbohydrate-rich foods at typically eaten amounts remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of consuming recommended amounts of side dishes with boiled white rice in the same meal on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and incretin hormone responses. A total of nine healthy male volunteers consumed four different meals in a random order on separate days. The test meals were as follows: S, white rice; SM, addition of protein-rich main dishes to the S meal; SMF, addition of a fat-rich food item to the SM meal; SMFV, addition of vegetables to the SMF meal. Plasma glucose, GIP and GLP-1 and serum insulin concentrations were determined during a 3 h period after consumption of these meals. Postprandial glucose responses were lower after SMFV meal consumption than after consumption of the other meals. The incremental AUC for GIP (0–180 min) were largest after consumption of the SMF and SMFV meals, followed by that after SM meal consumption, and was smallest after S meal consumption (P< 0·05). Furthermore, we found GIP concentrations to be dose dependently increased by the fat content of meals of ordinary size, despite the amount of additional fat being small. In conclusion, the combination of recommended amounts of main and vegetable side dishes with boiled white rice is beneficial for lowering postprandial glucose concentrations, with an increased incretin response, when compared with white rice alone.

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