scholarly journals Qualitative exploration of cultural factors influencing diet among African-, Caribbean- and US-born Blacks living in the northeast USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. M. Brown ◽  
R. F. Houser ◽  
J. Mattei ◽  
A. H. Lichtenstein ◽  
S. C. Folta
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Taste Preferences ◽  
Dietary Acculturation ◽  
African Caribbean

Abstract Limited research considers the ethnic and cultural diversity among the US Black population, and how this diversity influences diet. The purpose of the present qualitative study is to (1) explore the influence of culture, nativity and ethnicity on the diet of US-born, African-born and Caribbean/Latin American-born Blacks and (2) explore a model of dietary acculturation among the African-born and Caribbean/Latin American-born Blacks. The purposive sample included twenty-two US-born, fifteen Caribbean/Latin American-born and ten African-born Blacks (n 47) living in Boston, who participated in either an in-depth interview (n 12) or a focus group (five groups, size 5–9). Satia-Abouta's model of dietary acculturation informed the interview and focus group questions, which explored the influence of psychosocial factors, taste preferences and environmental factors on dietary changes. NVivo 10 software was utilised for the coding and analysis. Topics based on a priori and posteriori analyses included differences in psychosocial factors and taste preferences and environmental factors by nativity. Caribbean/Latin American-born and African-born Blacks expressed the importance of cultural identity in their dietary preferences and found adaptive strategies to maintain cultural diet, while US-born Blacks demonstrated a variety of preferences for traditionally African American foods. Environmental factors varied by place of birth and residence, with US-born Blacks citing poorer quality and limited affordability of foods. These findings suggest the importance of psychosocial and environmental factors in shaping the diet of the ethnically diverse US Black population and underscore the dietary diversity within and across the different ethnic groups of Blacks.

Nesting Expectations: What Can the Mexican and Argentinean Cash Transfers Tell Us about the Development of Development?

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Andrés Dapuez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transfer Programs

Latin American cash transfer programs have been implemented aiming at particular anticipatory scenarios. Given that the fulfillment of cash transfer objectives can be calculated neither empirically nor rationally a priori, I analyse these programs in this article using the concept of an “imaginary future.” I posit that cash transfer implementers in Latin America have entertained three main fictional expectations: social pacification in the short term, market inclusion in the long term, and the construction of a more distributive society in the very long term. I classify and date these developing expectations into three waves of conditional cash transfers implementation.

scholarly journals Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia (SURE): A Qualitative Study Assessing Feasibility of the Program Implementation in Basona Worana District, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1320-1320
Author(s):  
Desalegn Kuche ◽  
Tesfaye Hailu ◽  
Girmay Ayana ◽  
Alemnesh Petros ◽  
Mekonnen Sisay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Women's Groups ◽  
Health Extension Workers ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Women’S Groups ◽  
Agriculture Extension

Abstract Objectives The Ethiopian government designed the SURE program which aims to reduce the prevalence of stunting by improving complementary feeding and dietary diversity as part of its national nutrition program. This study was conducted to test the feasibility of the SURE program before its implementation. Methods A qualitative research design with purposive sampling was employed for this study. A five-day overall SURE program training was provided for 6 health extension workers (HEWs) and 10 agriculture extension workers (AEWs). Trainees completed pre-post knowledge tests. Following their training, two pairs of health and agriculture extension workers jointly conducted household visits in each of three selected kebeles (sub-unit of district) to assess needs and counsel mother-father pairs. They also facilitated women's and men's group dialogues to reinforce messages in gender-specific peer groups. Research assistants and investigators observed 12 joint household visits. To further assess the program, 24 semi-structured interviews with extension workers and mother-father pairs and 6 focus group discussions with men's and women's groups were conducted. Data were analyzed using Nvivo version 11. Results Health and agriculture extension workers gained demonstrable knowledge about infant and young child feeding and nutrition-sensitive agricultural practices following their training, but they largely failed to apply the 3A's counselling process (assess, analyze and act) and delivered inconsistent messages during the counselling visits based on observation. However, they felt that they can realistically continue to work together. Pairs of mothers and fathers visited were supportive of the joint HEWs and AEWs visits. Focus group discussants from women's groups reported that segregating the group discussions by gender was helpful to ensure their participation and expression of ideas. Conclusions The SURE training provided to HEWs and AEWs resulted in knowledge retention. The integrated service delivery model of the SURE program is well-accepted by both extension workers and mother-father pairs. Further support to build counselling skills will be needed to improve program processes and the quality of services. Funding Sources Childrens' Investment Fund Foundation (UK) funded this research. No other involvement in carrying out the research activities.

Child and Family Factors Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Responses Following a Traumatic Medical Event: The Role of Medical Team Support

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1063-1073
Author(s):  
Yaara Sadeh ◽  
Rachel Dekel ◽  
Amichai Brezner ◽  
Jana Landa ◽  
Tamar Silberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Pediatric Injury

Abstract Objectives This study examined the contribution of pretrauma psychosocial factors (child emotional functioning, family resources, family functioning, and social support) and environmental factors (mother’s posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSSs], medical team support [MTS]) to PTSSs of injured or seriously ill children within a pediatric rehabilitation setting. It was hypothesized that psychosocial variables would be strongly associated with child’s PTSS; that mother’s PTSS and MTS would mediate the association between psychosocial factors and child’s PTSS; that mother’s report on child’s PTSS would mediate the association between mother’s PTSS and child’s PTSS. Methods Participants were 196 children hospitalized following an injury/illness and assessed M = 47.7 days postevent. Children completed measures of PTSS, mothers completed measures of their own PTSS, child’s PTSS, and pretrauma psychosocial factors. Family’s therapist completed a MTS measure. Structural equation modeling was employed to evaluate the study hypotheses. Results Pretrauma family structure and resources were associated with child’s self-reported PTSS; each pretrauma variable and mother’s report of child’s PTSS was significantly associated. Although mother’s PTSS was not directly associated with child’s PTSS, this relationship was mediated by mother’s report of child’s PTSS. MTS mediated the relationship between pretrauma social support and mother’s PTSS. Conclusion This study further explicates the utility of a biopsychosocial framework in predicting childhood PTSS. Findings confirm the role of pretrauma factors and environmental factors at the peritrauma period in the development of PTSS following a pediatric injury/illness. Mother’s PTSS and MTS may be appropriate targets for prevention and early intervention.

scholarly journals Factors related to sleep behavior in adolescents: a focus group study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vandendriessche ◽  
B Deforche ◽  
M Verloigne
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Behavior Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Abstract Background Adolescents' sleep behavior has deteriorated over the last decades. However, little research has been conducted into possible psychosocial factors related to this behavior, which is an important prerequisite to develop effective sleep behavior interventions. In addition, previous research showed that actively involving adolescents in the development of interventions increases the chance of effectivity and sustainability. This study examined psychosocial factors related to sleep behavior in adolescents and investigated adolescents' willingness to participate in the development of a sleep behavior intervention. Methods Nine focus group interviews were conducted with seventy-two students (63,9% girls, 14.8 (±1.0) years) using a standardized interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded and thematic content analysis was performed using Nvivo 11. Results Adolescents had adequate knowledge of sleep hygiene and short-term consequences of sleep deficiency, but limited knowledge of sleep norms and long-term consequences. Positive attitudes towards sleep were outweighed by positive attitudes towards other behaviours such as screen time. Leisure activities, smartphones, television, schoolwork, early school time and worrying were mentioned as barriers for healthy sleep. Adolescents showed low self-efficacy towards changing their sleep behaviors and perceived a negative social norm towards sleep. Although some adolescents indicated parental rules to have a positive influence on their sleep, others indicated these sometimes provoked frustration. Finally, adolescents emphasized the importance of their participation in the development of a sleep behavior intervention at school, although adult guiding would be needed. Conclusions Future interventions promoting heathy sleep in adolescents could focus on psychosocial factors such as knowledge, attitudes, barriers, self-efficacy and social perceived norm and could involve adolescents in intervention development. Key messages Future interventions promoting heathy sleep in adolescents should in addition to knowledge, also focus on psychosocial factors such as attitudes, self-efficacy and perceived social norms. Adolescents emphasize the importance of their participation in the development of a sleep behavior intervention. This approach could be worth trying in future research.

scholarly journals Dietary changes in African urban households in response to currency devaluation: foreseeable risks for health and nutrition

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Fouéré ◽  
Bernard Maire ◽  
Francis Delpeuch ◽  
Yves Martin-Prével ◽  
Félicité Tchibindat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Currency Devaluation ◽  
Meal Preparation ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Poor Households

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of currency devaluation on dietary change and nutritional vulnerability of poor households in two African capital cities.DesignA qualitative study based on 120 semistructured individual interviews and four focus group discussions in each city.SettingDakar, Senegal (western Africa) and Brazzaville, Congo (central Africa).SubjectsAll of the subjects were randomly selected women from modest or poor households, who spoke the local common language and were responsible for household meal preparation. Only those likely to restrict the dynamic of focus group discussions (because of language, age or education) were excluded.ResultsChanges were found in meal preparation characteristics (frequency, sharing pattern) and meal composition. There was frequent depletion of fat and vegetable contents in meals, frequent elimination of desserts and even the elimination of one daily meal. These changes specifically affected economically disadvantaged and socially isolated households, and those headed by women. Other changes were the reduction in the size of consumption units and the development of neighbourhood-specific street food – which has been a growing trend in Brazzaville since the outset of the economic crisis but is more recent in Dakar.ConclusionsIf lasting, these changes pose a dual health risk, i.e. reducing dietary diversity and altering the bacteriological quality of prepared meals. In addition, attempts to reduce the consumption units were found to upset community ties that bind these societies.

A Theory of Cultural Value Orientations: Explication and Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 137-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalom Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
East European ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Cultural Orientations

AbstractThis article presents a theory of seven cultural value orientations that form three cultural value dimensions. This theory permits more finely tuned characterization of cultures than other theories. It is distinctive in deriving the cultural orientations from a priori theorizing. It also specifies a coherent, integrated system of relations among the orientations, postulating that they are interdependent rather than orthogonal. Analyses of data from 73 countries, using two different instruments, validate the 7 cultural orientations and the structure of interrelations among them. Conceptual and empirical comparisons of these orientations with Inglehart's two dimensions clarify similarities and differences. Using the cultural orientations, I generate a worldwide empirical mapping of 76 national cultures that identifies 7 transnational cultural groupings: West European, English-speaking, Latin American, East European, South Asian, Confucian influenced, and African and Middle Eastern. I briefly discuss distinctive cultural characteristics of these groupings. I then examine examples of socioeconomic, political, and demographic factors that give rise to national differences on the cultural value dimensions, factors that are themselves reciprocally influenced by culture. Finally, I examine consequences of prevailing cultural value orientations for attitudes and behavior (e.g., conventional morality, opposition to immigration, political activism) and argue that culture mediates the effects of major social structural variables on them.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Cultural-Linguistic Proximity and Naturalization on Political Integration of First-Generation Immigrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-151
Author(s):  
Josep Lobera ◽  
Santiago Pérez-Nievas ◽  
José Rama
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Party Preference

Although the under-participation of ethnic minorities in the electoral field is frequently observed, the nuances of their political engagement remain relatively unexplored by scholars. Particularly, little empirical analysis has attempted to identify the barriers faced by first-generation immigrants to adopt a party preference in their host country. Drawing on a unique survey data with a large sample of first-generation immigrants (N= 2,648) in a new migration country (Spain), this article explores the relevance of different set of factors (cultural proximity vs immigration status) in explaining the acquisition of a party preference among this minority population. We find that cultural proximity (as defined by the country of origin: Latin-American vs the rest) is a strong predictor for the acquisition of a party preference. Additionally, our results suggest that the predictive strength of this factor is reinforced through a naturalization regime that facilitates full political rights to culturally closer immigrants, thus reinforcing their a priori better conditions for political integration. Finally, the results also suggest that permissive (rather than restrictive) naturalization policies might work better to secure the political integration of migrant minorities.

scholarly journals A systematic literature review of diabetes self-management education features to improve diabetes education in women of Black African/Caribbean and Hispanic/Latin American ethnicity, Patient Education and Counseling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souraya Sidani
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Black African ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
Positive Rate

Abstract: Objective This systematic literature review aims to identify diabetes self-management education (DSME) features to improve diabetes education for Black African/Caribbean and Hispanic/Latin American women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods We conducted a literature search in six health databases for randomized controlled trials and comparative studies. Success rates of intervention features were calculated based on effectiveness in improving glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c), anthropometrics, physical activity, or diet outcomes. Calculations of rate differences assessed whether an intervention feature positively or negatively affected an outcome. Results From 13 studies included in our analysis, we identified 38 intervention features in relation to their success with an outcome. Five intervention features had positive rate differences across at least three outcomes: hospital-based interventions, group interventions, the use of situational problem-solving, frequent sessions, and incorporating dietitians as interventionists. Six intervention features had high positive rate differences (i.e. ≥50%) on specific outcomes. Conclusion Different DSME intervention features may influence broad and specific self-management outcomes for women of African/Caribbean and Hispanic/Latin ethnicity. Practical implications With the emphasis on patient-centered care, patients and care providers can consider options based on DSME intervention features for its broad and specific impact on outcomes to potentially make programming more effective.

scholarly journals A systematic literature review of diabetes self-management education features to improve diabetes education in women of Black African/Caribbean and Hispanic/Latin American ethnicity, Patient Education and Counseling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souraya Sidani
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Black African ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
Positive Rate

Abstract: Objective This systematic literature review aims to identify diabetes self-management education (DSME) features to improve diabetes education for Black African/Caribbean and Hispanic/Latin American women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods We conducted a literature search in six health databases for randomized controlled trials and comparative studies. Success rates of intervention features were calculated based on effectiveness in improving glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c), anthropometrics, physical activity, or diet outcomes. Calculations of rate differences assessed whether an intervention feature positively or negatively affected an outcome. Results From 13 studies included in our analysis, we identified 38 intervention features in relation to their success with an outcome. Five intervention features had positive rate differences across at least three outcomes: hospital-based interventions, group interventions, the use of situational problem-solving, frequent sessions, and incorporating dietitians as interventionists. Six intervention features had high positive rate differences (i.e. ≥50%) on specific outcomes. Conclusion Different DSME intervention features may influence broad and specific self-management outcomes for women of African/Caribbean and Hispanic/Latin ethnicity. Practical implications With the emphasis on patient-centered care, patients and care providers can consider options based on DSME intervention features for its broad and specific impact on outcomes to potentially make programming more effective.

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