scholarly journals Commentary on ‘Maternal long-chain PUFA supplementation during protein deficiency improves brain fatty acid accretion in rat pups by altering the milk fatty acid composition of the dam’ by Ranade and Rao

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Brenna
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Maternal long-chain PUFA supplementation during protein deficiency improves brain fatty acid accretion in rat pups by altering the milk fatty acid composition of the dam

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi S. Ranade ◽  
Shobha S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Brain Lipids ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractLong-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) are important for fetal and neonatal brain development. However, their accretion in the brain is compromised during maternal protein restriction. Hence, we investigated the effect of maternal supplementation with n-3 DHA plus n-6 arachidonic acid (ARA) at a low protein level (9 %) on offspring brain fatty acid accretion using Wistar rats (nine rats per group) randomly fed a control (C), a low-protein (LP) or a low-protein DHA + ARA-supplemented (LPS) diet during gestation and lactation. At birth, pups from the LPS group had the highest brain DHA and n-3 fatty acid levels (P = 0·001), whereas pups from the LP group had the highest MUFA (P = 0·05) but the lowest DHA and total n-3 PUFA levels (P = 0·000). During lactation, pups from the LPS group accrued significantly more α-linolenic acid (P = 0·003), EPA (P = 0·02) and DHA (P = 0·000) in brain lipids than pups from the LP group, whereas brain lipids of pups from the LP group had markedly increased levels of the n-3 deficiency marker docosapentaenoic acid and n-6:n-3 ratio (P = 0·000). Owing to supplementation, milk from LPS dams had the highest DHA and ARA, but lower SCFA and medium-chain fatty acids as compared with milk from C and LP dams during early lactation, but normalised by mid-lactation. To conclude, adverse effects of restricted maternal protein intake on LC-PUFA accretion in the brain of offspring were ameliorated by alterations in maternal milk fatty acid profile due to supplementation. Results underscore the importance of LC-PUFA for protein-deficient mothers during gestation as well as lactation to achieve the optimum brain LC-PUFA status of progeny.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers in breast milk are associated with plasma non-esterified and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in lactating women

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre G. Torres ◽  
Jacqueline G. Ney ◽  
Flávia Meneses ◽  
Nádia M. F. Trugo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

Maternal adipose tissue is a major contributor to breast milk long-chain fatty acids, probably through the pool of plasma NEFA. The fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane (EM) is a biochemical index of the intake of fatty acids not synthesized endogenously and of PUFA and long-chain PUFA fatty acid status. The present study investigated the associations between breast milk fatty acid composition and the composition of plasma NEFA and of EM fatty acids with special reference to PUFA, long-chain PUFA and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The detailed fatty acid composition of mature breast milk was also reported. Thirty-three healthy, lactating Brazilian women donated milk samples; of these, twenty-four also donated blood samples in an observational cross-sectional study. Breast milk fatty acid composition presented several associations with NEFA and EM composition, which explained most (≥50%) of the variability of selected milk PUFA, long-chain PUFA and CLA. Milk CLA was associated with fatty acids that are markers of dairy fat intake in the diet, NEFA and EM. In general, breast milk n-3 fatty acids and CLA, but not n-6 fatty acids, were associated with EM composition, whereas both the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and CLA in milk were associated with NEFA composition, possibly owing to its role as a direct source of fatty acids for breast milk. These findings emphasize the contribution of the NEFA pool derived from the adipose tissue to the long-chain fatty acid composition of breast milk.

scholarly journals The Source of Long-Chain PUFA in Formula Supplements Does Not Affect the Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Lipids in Full-Term Infants

2004 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleix Sala-Vila ◽  
Ana I. Castellote ◽  
Cristina Campoy ◽  
Montserrat Rivero ◽  
María Rodriguez-Palmero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Association ofn-3 andn-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipid classes with inflammatory bowel diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Figler ◽  
Beata Gasztonyi ◽  
Judit Cseh ◽  
Gábor Horváth ◽  
Andrea G. Kisbenedek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Long Chain

In order to establish the biochemical basis for dietary interventions, we investigated the fatty acid composition of plasma lipid classes in patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease. In this cross-sectional study thirty patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), twenty-one with Crohn disease (CD) and twenty-four controls were investigated (mean age: UC, 40·8 (sd12·1); CD, 37·6 (sd11·0); control, 31·5 (sd8·4) years). Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids was determined by high-resolution capillary GLC. In plasma phospholipids, significantly higher values of eicosapentaenoic (20 : 5n-3), docosapentaenoic (22 : 5n-3) and γ-linolenic (18 : 3n-6) acids were found in control patients and patients with UC as compared to patients with CD [median % (weight by weight), controlv.UCv.CD : 20 : 5n-3, 0·09 (interquartile range (IQR) 0·05)v.0·14 (IQR 0·10)v.0·16 (IQR 0·10),P < 0·05; 22 : 5n-3, 0·14 (IQR 0·10)v.0·27 (IQR 0·16)v.0·31 (IQR 0·10),P < 0·001; 18 : 3n-6, 0·02 (IQR 0·02)v.0·03 (IQR 0·02)v.0·05 (IQR 0·03),P < 0·05]. When compared to the control, values of the principaln-3 andn-6 long-chain PUFA, arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) were significantly higher in patients with UC but not in patients with CD [median % (w/w), UCv.control: 20 : 4n-6, 8·43 (IQR 3·23)v.6·92 (IQR 2·96),P < 0·05; 22 : 6n-3, 1·22 (IQR 0·56)v.0·73 (IQR 0·39),P < 0·05]. As seen there are considerable differences between the long-chain PUFA status of patients suffering from UC or CD. The data obtained in the present study do not support the concept of eicosapentaenoic acid or DHA deficiency in patients with either UC or CD.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition of New Zealand Forage Finished Beef Compared to US Grain Fed Beef

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Milopoulos ◽  
A. J. Garmyn ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Chain

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate differences in fatty acid (FA) composition of NZ beef finished on fodder beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris L.; FB) or traditional grass diets and US grain-finished beef.Materials and MethodsStrip loins (n = 240) were selected from a commercial abattoir in NZ representing two feeding treatments (FB, non-FB) and expected low and high eating quality (primarily based on marbling) following a nationwide feeding trial to finish beef steers using FB. Selection resulted in four treatments: FB low quality (FBL), FB high quality (FBH), non-FB low quality (NFBL), and non-FB high quality (NFBH). Additionally, sides of beef (n = 120) representing USDA Top Choice (TCH) and Select (SEL) were sourced from a commercial abattoir in the US. Loins were fabricated prior to 21 d postmortem to isolate the longissimus lumborum (LL); these were sliced into 2.5 cm steaks, vacuum packaged, and stored at 2–4°C until 21 d or 35 d postmortem and frozen on the appropriate day. Lipids were extracted from a subset of samples via chloroform: methanol extraction then separated into polar and neutral fractions. Fatty acid methyl esters were evaluated using GC-FID. Data were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05 and treatment, aging, and the respective interaction as fixed effects.ResultsAging influenced percent saturated FA (%SFA; P < 0.01), monounsaturated FA (%MUFA; P < 0.01), and polyunsaturated FA (%PUFA; P = 0.01). An increase in %MUFA and %PUFA at 35 d compared with 21 d (P < 0.01) corresponded with a decrease in %SFA at 35 d (P < 0.01). Treatment also influenced %PUFA (P < 0.01). NFBL contained the greatest %PUFA (P < 0.05). TCH and FBH contained less %PUFA than all treatments except SEL (P > 0.05). Treatment and aging also affected palmitic and stearic acids (P < 0.01), which make up the greatest portion of SFA. The proportion of palmitic acid was least in SEL (P < 0.05) and greater in FBH than NFBH and TC (P < 0.05). The US treatments had lower proportions of stearic acid than NZ treatments (P < 0.05). Both palmitic and stearic acids were of greater proportions in 35 d samples than 21 d samples (P < 0.05). Oleic acid contributes largely to total FA and was affected by the interaction of treatment and aging (P = 0.04). At 35 d, NZ treatments had greater proportions of oleic acid than at 21 d (P < 0.05). The proportion of oleic acid was least in SEL at both aging times. Of the PUFA, linoleic was affected by treatment (P < 0.05) and was greatest in SEL and TC (P < 0.05); FB treatments had the lowest proportion of linoleic acid (P < 0.05). Treatment and aging affected α-linolenic acid (P < 0.01). NFBL and NFBH had a greater proportion than both FB and US treatments (P < 0.05); both FB treatments had greater proportions of α-linolenic than US treatments (P < 0.05). Proportion of α-linolenic acid was elevated with 35 d aging (P < 0.05). Treatment affected proportions of long chain PUFA (P < 0.05) with TCH and SEL having lower proportions than NZ treatments (P < 0.05). Low quality NZ treatments had the greatest proportions of long chain PUFA (P < 0.05).ConclusionWhile finishing diet does affect fatty acid composition of beef strip steaks, finishing on FB produces a similar FA composition to non-FB grass. Total lipid content is also responsible for variation in FA composition. As lipids oxidize during aging, a shift toward more unsaturated FA occurs, leading to a decrease in %SFA.

scholarly journals Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 4000-4011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Livingstone ◽  
D.J. Humphries ◽  
P. Kirton ◽  
K.E. Kliem ◽  
D.I. Givens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Forage Type

scholarly journals Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) polymorphism and milk fatty acid composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 2605-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Nafikov ◽  
J.P. Schoonmaker ◽  
K.T. Korn ◽  
K. Noack ◽  
D.J. Garrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Sterol Regulatory Element ◽  
Transcription Factor 1
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