scholarly journals WHY MILITARY INSTITUTIONS MATTER FOR CHINESE HISTORY CIRCA 600–1800

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
David Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Military History ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Socioeconomic Change ◽  
Broad Audience ◽  
Military Institutions ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

This special issue ofJournal of Chinese Historymakes the case that military institutions are essential for understanding Chinese history. Our goal is to engage a broad audience instead of talking exclusively to specialists in military history. Thus, rather than an institutional account of, say, the imperial guard, or detailed campaign narratives, readers will find here exploration of the dynamic interplay between military institutions and political control, socioeconomic change, dynastic finances, and cultural values.

Ideologies of English in Asia: an editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (271) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alexandra Grey ◽  
Loy Lising ◽  
Jinhyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The West ◽  
Binary Structure ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Local Perspectives ◽  
East West

Abstract That English has spread in Asia is well-known, but this critical reflection, and the five contributions and book review that we hereby introduce, contribute to rectifying the relative absence in the sociology of language literature of studies approaching language ideologies and practices in specific Asian contexts from local perspectives. We are not alone; our inspections of journal archives show that scholars are increasingly responding to this relative absence in recent years. What this special issue offers is further diversity of both authors and cases, and moreover this special issue draws attention to the immutable, binary structure underlying the various globally-circulating discourses of the East and the West as part of investigating how socially constructed East-West binaries interact with language ideologies about English and other languages. It shifts the attention from fixity – East versus West – to diversity, extending East to Easts and West to Wests as our contributors identify and examine multiple, endogenous “imaginative geograph[ies]” (from Arif Dirlik’s [1996] “Chinese history and the question of Orientalism”, History and Theory 35(4): 97) constructed through various Orientalist ideologies. It founds this approach on a combination of the theory of recursive language ideologies and critical Orientalism scholarship. This is generative of new and useful sociolinguistic analyses. Having laid out this theoretical extension, this editorial then provides an overview of the issue’s contributions, which examine how socially constructed East-West binaries are interacting with language ideologies about English and other languages on sub-national scales in various Asian contexts including in Korea, China, Japan, Tajikistan and Pakistan.

scholarly journals PODER MILITAR E IDENTIDADE DE GRUPO NA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL: A EXPERIÊNCIA HISTÓRICA DA PSIQUIATRIA MILITAR BRASILEIRA

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennison De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Military History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Experience ◽  
Military Institutions ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

Este artigo se propõe a discutir, com relação à experiência militar da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB) na Campanha da Itália (1944/ 45) na Segunda Guerra Mundial, dois aspectos que a literatura disponível considera centrais para o entendimento da organização da violência a partir das instituições militares: as formas pelas quais se dá a construção de uma identidade coletiva entre os seus membros e o papel que dentro desse processo é desempenhado pelos sentimentos experimentados pelos indivíduos. Este artigo pretende interpretar as evidências legadas sobre esses tópicos a partir de fontes fontes legadas pela História Militar e pela Psiquiatria Militar brasileiras numa perspectiva interdisciplinar. Abstract This article intends to discuss, with relationship to the military experience of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB) in the Campaign of Italy (1944/45) in Second World War, two aspects that the available literature considers central for the understanding of the organization of the violence starting from the military institutions: the forms for the which works the construction of a collective identity among of its members and the paper that inside of this process it is carried out by the feelings tried by the individuals. This text intends to interpret the evidences delegated on these topics starting from sources available by the Military History and for the Psychiatry Military Brazilians in a interdisciplinar perspective.

Consumer xenocentrism in China: an exploratory study

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Dentiste Mueller ◽  
George Xun Wang ◽  
Guoli Liu ◽  
Charles Chi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foreign Products

Purpose – Marketing research has focussed more on in-group favoritism and out-group derogation (i.e. ethnocentrism) than out-group favoritism and in-group derogation (i.e. xenocentrism). The purpose of this paper is to explore the xenocentric behavior in the consumer sphere to explain why some consumers have a bias for foreign products even when domestic ones are qualitatively similar or better. As the Chinese economy has experienced more than three decades of near double-digit growth and increased openness to foreign products, it is important to examine phenomena related to the formation of Chinese attitudes toward foreign products with the rising tensions between the seemingly irreversible globalization and Chinese re-awakening nationalism. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on a review of the extant literature and focus groups in three cities in China. Findings – This study has found that consumer xenocentrism (CX) is prevalent in China, especially among the new emerging wealthy classes, younger consumers, and the local elite. It appears that Chinese consumers are psychologically or sociologically orientated or predisposed toward foreign (Western) goods. The findings from this study suggest that both consumer ethnocentrism and CX are possible or even expected. The short review of Chinese history presented here has shown that these phenomena can be explained by traditional in-group/out-group theories. Specifically, when there are too many xenocentrics, national esteem is threatened and this prompts many individuals to become more ethnocentric. Research limitations/implications – This study is based on the literature and focus groups data, hence, the findings are not intended to be generalizable. Practical implications – The findings from this study should be of interest to business practitioners and policy makers. Social implications – The historical and cultural perspectives taken in this study indicate that understanding consumers’ xenocentric behavior entails knowledge and deep understanding of how cultural values and contemporary social-political forces interplay within consumers’ formation and change of attitudes toward the choice of domestic and foreign products. Originality/value – This study shows that the ability of foreign products to meet the individual’s need or enhance his/her self-esteem more so than domestic products is indicative of something more than simply an international, cosmopolitan, or modern orientation. The fact that consumer foreign bias is found with both mundane and widely available products, expensive and inexpensive products, and conspicuous and non-conspicuous goods challenges the assumption that this phenomenon is simply traditional prestige-consumption behavior. Future research needs to be directed at measuring the CX construct and examine potential antecedents of such a behavior.

scholarly journals Venice flooding and sea level: past evolution, present issues, and future projections (introduction to the special issue)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2633-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Lionello ◽  
Robert J. Nicholls ◽  
Georg Umgiesser ◽  
Davide Zanchettin
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
The Future ◽  
Relative Sea Level Rise

Abstract. Venice is an iconic place and a paradigm of huge historical and cultural values at risk. The frequency of the flooding of the city centre has dramatically increased in recent decades, and this threat is expected to continue to grow – and even accelerate – through this century. This special issue is a collection of three review articles addressing different and complementary aspects of the hazards causing the floods of Venice, namely (1) the relative sea level rise, (2) the occurrence of extreme water heights, and (3) the prediction of extreme water heights and floods. It emerges that the effect of compound events poses critical challenges to the forecast of floods, particularly from the perspective of effectively operating the new mobile barriers (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico – MoSE) in Venice and that the relative sea level rise is the key factor determining the future growth of the flood hazard, so that the present defence strategy is likely to become inadequate within this century under a high-emission scenario. Two strands of research are needed in the future. First, there is a need to better understand and reduce the uncertainty of the future evolution of the relative sea level and its extremes at Venice. However, this uncertainty might not be substantially reduced in the near future, reflecting the uncertain anthropogenic emissions and structural model features. Hence, complementary adaptive planning strategies appropriate for conditions of uncertainty should be explored and developed in the future.

scholarly journals Stone, Scissors, Paper: Thinking Through Things in Chinese History

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Dorothy Ko
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
New Directions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Present Understanding

AbstractWhat would Chinese history look like with things taking the center stage? Our present understanding of this history is animated primarily by literate people in pursuit of examination degrees and sons, and often filtered through such modern social science categories as culture, ethnicity, and gender. In this introduction, I put the set of five articles in the special issue in conversation with recent research to identify new analytic categories and research strategies that accord agency to things, remap the parameters of Chinese history, and ponder the new directions afforded by the study of material cultures.

scholarly journals “THE STATE and MIGRATION IN CHINESE HISTORY”

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Barbieri-Low
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Migration

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of Chinese History is dedicated to studies of the connection between migration and the state throughout Chinese history. The special editor's introduction first surveys the major types of migration within China proper, and towards the outside world, including citations to recent scholarship. It brings the eight papers of this issue into dialogue with each other around four major themes: migration and the limits of state power, the violence and trauma of migration, migration and identity, and migration and gender/family issues.

scholarly journals Learning Analytics Research, Theory and Practice: Widening the Discipline

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abelardo Pardo ◽  
Stephanie Teasley
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Broad Audience ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
Depth View

This article introduces the special issue presenting five papers from SoLAR’s Learning Analytics and Knowledge 2014 conference. The authors of these papers were invited to expand their original papers to provide a more in-depth view of their work and one that would reach out to a broad audience. The papers included here provide a view into the diversity of LA research presented at LAK 14 and demonstrate exciting new avenues by which the field is expanding. We believe that the papers presented here move the field ahead by contributing to a wider discourse about how we can effectively and ethically utilize “big data” to inform learning research and theory, and the resulting practices that support learning.

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