Seasonal Variation ofEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, andStreptococcuspneumoniaeBacteremia According to Acquisition and Patient Characteristics: A Population-Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 946-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Oren Gradel ◽  
Stig Lønberg Nielsen ◽  
Court Pedersen ◽  
Jenny Dahl Knudsen ◽  
Christian Østergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Danish Health ◽  
Hospital Registry ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Laboratory Information Systems ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVESeasonal variation is a characteristic of many infectious diseases, but relatively little is known about determinants thereof. We studied the impact of place of acquisition and patient characteristics on seasonal variation of bacteremia caused by the 3 most common pathogens.DESIGNSeasonal variation analysis.METHODSIn 3 Danish health regions (2.3 million total inhabitants), patients with bacteremia were identified from 2000 through 2011 using information from laboratory information systems. Analyses were confined toEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, andStreptococcus pneumoniae. Additional data were obtained from the Danish National Hospital Registry for the construction of admission histories and calculation of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Bacteremias were categorized as community acquired, healthcare associated (HCA), and hospital acquired. We defined multiple subgroups by combining the following characteristics: species, acquisition, age group, gender, CCI level, and location of infection. Assuming a sinusoidal model, seasonal variation was assessed by the peak-to-trough (PTT) ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTSIn total, we included 16,006E.coli, 6,924S.aureus, and 4,884S.pneumoniaebacteremia cases. ForE.coli, the seasonal variation was highest for community-acquired cases (PTT ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17–1.32), was diminished for HCA (PTT ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04–1.25), and was missing for hospital-acquired cases. No seasonal variation was observed forS.aureus.S.pneumoniaeshowed high seasonal variation, which did not differ according to acquisition (overall PTT ratio, 3.42; 95% CI, 3.10–3.83).CONCLUSIONSSeasonal variation was mainly related to the species although the place of acquisition was important forE.coli.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:946–953

Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Québec: Impact of Guidelines

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 840-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Li ◽  
Elise Fortin ◽  
Claude Tremblay ◽  
Muleka Ngenda-Muadi ◽  
Christophe Garenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEWe examined the impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) guidelines in Québec adult hospitals from January 1, 2006, to March 31, 2015, by examining the incidence rate reduction (IRR) in healthcare-associated MRSA bloodstream infections (HA-MRSA), using central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) as a comparator.METHODSIn this study, we utilized a quasi-experimental design with Poisson segmented regression to model HA-MRSA and CLABSI incidence for successive 4-week surveillance segments, stratified by teaching status. We used 3 distinct periods with 2 break points (April 1, 2007, and January 3, 2010) corresponding to major MRSA guideline publications and updates.RESULTSOver the study period, HA-MRSA incidence decreased significantly in adult teaching facilities but not in nonteaching facilities. Prior to MRSA guideline publication (2006–2007), HA-MRSA incidence decrease was not significant (P=.89), while CLABSI incidence decreased by 4% per 4-week period (P=.05). After the publication of guidelines (2007–2009), HA-MRSA incidence decreased significantly by 1% (P=.04), while no significant decrease in CLABSI incidence was observed (P=.75). HA-MRSA and CLABSI decreases were both significant at 1% for 2010–2015 (P<.001 and P=.01, respectively). These decreases were gradual rather than sudden; break points were not significant. Teaching facilities drove these decreases.CONCLUSIONDuring the study period, HA-MRSA and CLABSI rates decreased significantly. In 2007–2009, the significant decrease in HA-MRSA rates with stable CLABSI rates suggests an impact from MRSA-specific guidelines. In 2010–2015, significant and equal IRRs for HA-MRSA and CLABSI may be due to the continuing impact of MRSA guidelines, to the impact of new interventions targeting device-associated infections in general by the 2010–2015 Action Plan, or to a combination of factors.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:840–847

scholarly journals A mHealth intervention to promote hand-washing and cell phone cleaning in medical residents of a public hospital in Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 428-435
Author(s):  
Maria Lazo-Porras ◽  
Matilde Corante ◽  
Tania De La Cruz-Saldaña ◽  
Ingrid Bohórquez ◽  
Kalina Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: We explore the limitations to adherence of hand-washing and evaluate the impact of a mHealth intervention for hand hygiene in residents. Methodology: We explore resident's perspectives about Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) and hand washing. In baseline, participants completed socio-demographic characteristics and hand-washing habits survey. The intervention consisted of sending SMS three times a week for two months about hand hygiene and “five moments” for hand washing. The cultures of hands and cell phones were analyzed at baseline, 2 months and 4 months. We used chi-square and adjusted Generalized Estimating Equations. Results: Five physicians were interviewed and 33 participants were included for quantitative analysis. Critical barriers that hinder hand washing were identified. The proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in hands was 54.5% at baseline and was significantly reduced at 2 months follow-up (p = 0.009), but, benefit was lost when the intervention was discontinued; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. were observed in 22.2% of hands, no changes were noted with intervention. In cell phones, there was a tendency to lower values of bacterial colonization after intervention for Staphylococcus aureus growth. Conclusions: High prevalence of contamination in hands and phones in medical residents were found. Serious barriers to compliance with hand washing must be overcome. It is possible that prolonged or continuous interventions could be necessary to optimize hand washing and reduce hand and cell phones contamination.

scholarly journals Highly sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus by a THz metamaterial biosensor based on gold nanoparticles and rolling circle amplification

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 26824-26833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Yang ◽  
Wenjing Yu ◽  
Guorong Huang ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Xiang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

A highly sensitive method for detecting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is urgently needed to reduce the impact and spread of hospital-acquired infections and food-borne illness.

Livestock-assoziierter Methicillin-resistenter Staphylococcus aureus – Erhebung einer orthopädischen Fachklinik im Hochrisikogebiet Nord-West

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (03) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Maier ◽  
Fritz Thorey ◽  
Kristina Kolbow ◽  
Djordje Lazovic ◽  
Markus Lühmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Epidemiologische Studien ◽  
Prospektive Untersuchung ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Methicillin-resistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) stellen eine erhebliche Gesundheitsgefährdung dar. Lange Zeit standen die sog. „healthcare-associated (HA)“ und „community-acquired (CA)“ MRSA-Stämme im Augenmerk der medizinischen Forschung. In den letzten 10 Jahren rückte jedoch zunehmend die Gruppe der „livestock-associated MRSA“ (LA-MRSA) in den wissenschaftlichen Fokus. Epidemiologische Studien zeigten, dass LA-MRSA CC398 die Speziesbarriere durchbrachen und im Zuge dessen Menschen kolonisierten und zu Infektionen führten. Bislang liegen jedoch noch keine Daten zur Kolonisierung orthopädischer Patienten mit LA-MRSA vor. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Prävalenz einer LA-MRSA-Besiedelung des durchschnittlichen orthopädischen Patienten einer orthopädischen Fachklinik zu bestimmen und im zeitlichen Verlauf zu betrachten. Des Weiteren soll ein Risikoprofil der typischen LA-MRSA-Träger bestimmt werden. Patienten und Methoden Die vorliegende prospektive Untersuchung schloss insgesamt 1544 Personen ein, die im Zeitraum 01.01.2009 bis 30.06.2009 und 01.04.2012 bis 31.03.2013 untersucht worden waren. Dabei handelte es sich um Patienten, die wegen einer elektiven orthopädischen Behandlung im St.-Antonius-Stift in Emstek, Niedersachsen, stationär aufgenommen worden waren. Bei Aufnahme erfolgte ein Nasenabstrich sowie die Abfrage potenzieller Risikofaktoren mittels Fragebogen. Bei positivem Abstrichbefund wurde eine MRSA-Typisierung durchgeführt, um das Vorliegen einer Infektion mit Hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) oder einer Lifestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) zu bestimmen. Die Daten der Fragebögen sowie der mikrobiologischen Untersuchung wurden mittels SPSS Version 16.0 übertragen und ausgewertet. Ergebnisse An der Studie nahmen insgesamt 1544 Probanden teil. Es handelte sich um 726 männliche (47%) und 818 weibliche (53%) Studienteilnehmer mit einem mittleren Alter von 58,3 ± 0,73 Jahren (Median: 61,3 Jahre). In diesem Gesamtkollektiv wurde nach der mikrobiologischen Untersuchung der Nasenabstriche bei 51 Probanden (3,3%) eine MRSA-Besiedelung nachgewiesen, während 371 Probanden (24%) eine nasale MSSA-Besiedelung (MSSA: Methicillin-sensibler Staphylococcus aureus) aufwiesen. Dabei ergab sich, dass Studienteilnehmer mit nasaler MRSA-Besiedelung signifikant häufiger direkten Kontakt zu Nutztieren aufwiesen als Probanden ohne nasale MRSA-Besiedelung (59 vs. 11%, p = 0,001). Von den untersuchten 1544 Probanden hatten 30% (n = 463) einen Kontakt zu einer Person mit Nutztieren binnen der letzten 6 Monate. Von den 51 Studienteilnehmern mit nasaler MRSA-Besiedelung hatten 91% Kontakt zu einer Person mit Nutztieren, entsprechend einer statistischen Signifikanz von p < 0,001 im Vergleich zum Anteil der Probanden ohne nasale MRSA-Besiedelung. Alle positiven MRSA-Abstriche wurden einer spa-Typisierung unterzogen. Nur 4 der 51 positiven MRSA-Abstriche waren einem HA-MRSA zuzuordnen (t003, t068, t032). 47 Proben zeigten spa-Typisierungen (t011, t034), die für eine LA-MRSA-Besiedelung charakteristisch sind. Schlussfolgerung Dies ist unseres Wissens die erste Studie, die sich mit der Durchseuchung orthopädischer Patienten und LA-MRSA beschäftigt. Wir konnten zeigen, dass LA-MRSA in Hochrisikogebieten eine zunehmende Rolle bei der Versorgung orthopädischer Patienten spielt. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass keine Verdrängung der CA- und HA-MRSA stattfindet, sondern LA-MRSA eine zusätzliche Besiedelungsquelle darstellt. Patienten, die in der Viehzucht beschäftigt sind oder Kontakt zu Nutztieren haben, sowie deren Familienmitglieder, sollten regelhaft vor orthopädischen Eingriffen gescreent werden. Nur so können die Gefahren einer LA-MRSA-Infektion kontrolliert werden.

scholarly journals HSV-1 reactivation is associated with an increased risk of mortality and pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Meyer ◽  
Niccolò Buetti ◽  
Nadhira Houhou-Fidouh ◽  
Juliette Patrier ◽  
Moustafa Abdel-Nabey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hsv 1

Abstract Background Data in the literature about HSV reactivation in COVID-19 patients are scarce, and the association between HSV-1 reactivation and mortality remains to be determined. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections primarily on mortality, and secondarily on hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP) and intensive care unit-bloodstream infection (ICU-BSI). Methods We conducted an observational study using prospectively collected data and HSV-1 blood and respiratory samples from all critically ill COVID-19 patients in a large reference center who underwent HSV tests. Using multivariable Cox and cause-specific (cs) models, we investigated the association between HSV reactivation and mortality or healthcare-associated infections. Results Of the 153 COVID-19 patients admitted for ≥ 48 h from Feb-2020 to Feb-2021, 40/153 (26.1%) patients had confirmed HSV-1 reactivation (19/61 (31.1%) with HSV-positive respiratory samples, and 36/146 (24.7%) with HSV-positive blood samples. Day-60 mortality was higher in patients with HSV-1 reactivation (57.5%) versus without (33.6%, p = 0.001). After adjustment for mortality risk factors, HSV-1 reactivation was associated with an increased mortality risk (hazard risk [HR] 2.05; 95% CI 1.16–3.62; p = 0.01). HAP/VAP occurred in 67/153 (43.8%) and ICU-BSI in 42/153 (27.5%) patients. In patients with HSV-1 reactivation, multivariable cause-specific models showed an increased risk of HAP/VAP (csHR 2.38, 95% CI 1.06–5.39, p = 0.037), but not of ICU-BSI. Conclusions HSV-1 reactivation in critically ill COVID-19 patients was associated with an increased risk of day-60 mortality and HAP/VAP.

Classification of Healthcare-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Influence of Different Definitions on Prevalence, Patient Characteristics, and Outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Smit ◽  
Mette Søgaard ◽  
Henrik Carl Schønheyder ◽  
Henrik Nielsen ◽  
Reimar Wernich Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Infect Control Hosp ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Healthcare Associated

We investigated whether different definitions of healthcare-associated infection influenced the prevalence, characteristics, and mortality of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. With different definitions, the proportion of patients classified as having healthcare-associated S. aureus bacteremia varied substantially and the distribution of patient characteristics was influenced, whereas 30-day mortality remained robust.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(2):208–211

scholarly journals Impact of Female External Urinary Catheter on Indwelling Catheter Use and Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s5-s5
Author(s):  
Lea Monday ◽  
Geehan Suleyman ◽  
George Alangaden ◽  
Stephanie Schuldt ◽  
Catherine Jackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
Utilization Ratio ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CED: TIs) are one of the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections. They can lead to bacteremia and increased length of stay, healthcare costs, and mortality. Indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) prevention bundles, nurse-driven removal protocols, and the use of external catheters can help reduce CED: TIs. However, female external urinary catheters (FEUCs) have only recently become widely available. FEUCs were introduced at our institution in July 2017. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of FEUC on IUC utilization ratio and overall CED: TI rate in an 844-bed teaching hospital in southeastern Michigan. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the utilization ratio of FEUCs (female FEUC days per patient days ×1,000) and female IUCs (IUC days per patient days ×1,000), and labia hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) rate due to FEUC from July 2017 through June 2019. We compared the overall (male and female) CED: TI rate per 1,000 IUC days in the preintervention period (January 2016 to June 2017) to the postintervention period (July 2017 to June 2019). Results: In total, 4,013 FEUCs were placed during the intervention period. The utilization ratio of FEUC increased by 59% and the utilization ratio of female IUC decreased by 13% over the course of the 2 years. Only 1 HAPI was reported during the observation period at a rate of 0.025% (1 of 4,013). The overall CED: TI rate decreased from 1.60 to 1.40 (P = .372). Conclusion: Introduction of a FEUC was associated with a decrease in the IUC utilization ratio in female patients with minimal adverse events; however, there was no significant difference in the overall CED: TI rate.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Healthcare-associated vs. hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e457-e463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihad Bishara ◽  
Elad Goldberg ◽  
Leonard Leibovici ◽  
Zmira Samra ◽  
Hila Shaked ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired
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