scholarly journals Amplification of 200-ps high-intensity laser pulses via frequency matching stimulated Brillouin scattering

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Yuan ◽  
Yulei Wang ◽  
Qiang Yuan ◽  
Dongxia Hu ◽  
Can Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Effect ◽  
Laser Drivers

Laser pulses of 200 ps with extremely high intensities and high energies are sufficient to satisfy the demand of shock ignition, which is an alternative path to ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). This paper reports a type of Brillouin scheme to obtain high-intensity 200-ps laser pulses, where the pulse durations are a challenge for conventional pulsed laser amplification systems. In the amplification process, excited Brillouin acoustic waves fulfill the nonlinear optical effect through which the high energy of a long pump pulse is entirely transferred to a 200-ps laser pulse. This method was introduced and achieved within the SG-III prototype system in China. Compared favorably with the intensity of $2~\text{GW}/\text{cm}^{2}$ in existing ICF laser drivers, a 6.96- $\text{GW}/\text{cm}^{2}$ pulse with a width of 170 ps was obtained in our experiment. The practical scalability of the results to larger ICF laser drivers is discussed.

scholarly journals Towards ultra-intense ultra-short ion beams driven by a multi-PW laser

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Badziak ◽  
J. Domański
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Particle In Cell

AbstractThe multi-petawatt (PW) lasers currently being built in Europe as part of the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project will be capable of generating femtosecond light pulses of ultra-relativistic intensities (~1023–1024 W/cm2) that have been unattainable so far. Such laser pulses can be used for the production of high-energy ion beams with unique features that could be applied in various fields of scientific and technological research. In this paper, the prospect of producing ultra-intense (intensity ≥1020 W/cm2) ultra-short (pico- or femtosecond) high-energy ion beams using multi-PW lasers is outlined. The results of numerical studies on the acceleration of light (carbon) ions, medium-heavy (copper) ions and super-heavy (lead) ions driven by a femtosecond laser pulse of ultra-relativistic intensity, performed with the use of a multi-dimensional (2D3 V) particle-in-cell code, are presented, and the ion acceleration mechanisms and properties of the generated ion beams are discussed. It is shown that both in the case of light ions and in the case of medium-heavy and super-heavy ions, ultra-intense femtosecond multi-GeV ion beams with a beam intensity much higher (by a factor ~102) and ion pulse durations much shorter (by a factor ~104–105) than achievable presently in conventional radio frequency-driven accelerators can be produced at laser intensities of 1023 W/cm2 predicted for the ELI lasers. Such ion beams can open the door to new areas of research in high-energy density physics, nuclear physics and inertial confinement fusion.

A hydrodynamic analysis of self-similar radiative ablation flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 219-255
Author(s):  
J.-M. Clarisse ◽  
J.-L. Pfister ◽  
S. Gauthier ◽  
C. Boudesocque-Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Nonlinear Conductivity ◽  
Conduction Model ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Self Similar

Self-similar solutions to the compressible Euler equations with nonlinear conduction are considered as particular instances of unsteady radiative deflagration – or ‘ablation’ – waves with the goal of characterizing the actual hydrodynamic properties that such flows may present. The chosen family of solutions, corresponding to the ablation of an initially quiescent perfectly cold and homogeneous semi-infinite slab of inviscid compressible gas under the action of increasing external pressures and radiation fluxes, is well suited to the description of the early ablation of a target by gas-filled cavity X-rays in experiments of high energy density physics. These solutions are presently computed by means of a highly accurate numerical method for the radiative conduction model of a fully ionized plasma under the approximation of a non-isothermal leading shock wave. The resulting set of solutions is unique for its high fidelity description of the flows down to their finest scales and its extensive exploration of external pressure and radiative flux ranges. Two different dimensionless formulations of the equations of motion are put forth, yielding two classifications of these solutions which are used for carrying out a quantitative hydrodynamic analysis of the corresponding flows. Based on the main flow characteristic lengths and on standard characteristic numbers (Mach, Péclet, stratification and Froude numbers), this analysis points out the compressibility and inhomogeneity of the present ablative waves. This compressibility is further analysed to be too high, whether in terms of flow speed or stratification, for the low Mach number approximation, often used in hydrodynamic stability analyses of ablation fronts in inertial confinement fusion (ICF), to be relevant for describing these waves, and more specifically those with fast expansions which are of interest in ICF. Temperature stratification is also shown to induce, through the nonlinear conductivity, supersonic upstream propagation of heat-flux waves, besides a modified propagation of quasi-isothermal acoustic waves, in the flow conduction regions. This description significantly departs from the commonly admitted depiction of a quasi-isothermal conduction region where wave propagation is exclusively ascribed to isothermal acoustics and temperature fluctuations are only diffused.

scholarly journals Hundred picoseconds laser pulse amplification based on scalable two-cells Brillouin amplifier

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yuan ◽  
Z.W. Lu ◽  
Y.L. Wang ◽  
Z.X. Zheng ◽  
Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Peak Power ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Pulse Amplification

AbstractHundred picoseconds laser pulse with high energy and high peak power has broad application prospects such as inertial confinement fusion shock ignition. But it is hard to get effective amplification through MOPA or chirped pulse amplification method. Through simulated Brillouin scattering method, 100 picoseconds laser pulse can be amplified efficiently. To be able to meet the need of high energy and high-intensity laser pulse amplification, scalable two cell structure and four different FC series liquid were used to fulfill this experiment. The results indicate that the magnification of Stokes energy and efficiency of energy extraction are closely related to medium parameters and energy parameters. The minimum width of 340 ps Stokes pulse was amplified by 13.5 times in this experiment.

Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Sprenkle ◽  
Luciano Silvestri ◽  
M. S. Murillo ◽  
Scott Bergeson
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Coulomb Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Relaxation

Abstract New facilities such as the National Ignition Facility and the Linac Coherent Light Source have pushed the frontiers of high energy-density matter. These facilities offer unprecedented opportunities for exploring extreme states of matter, ranging from cryogenic solid-state systems to hot, dense plasmas, with applications to inertial-confinement fusion and astrophysics. However, significant gaps in our understanding of material properties in these rapidly evolving systems still persist. In particular, non-equilibrium transport properties of strongly-coupled Coulomb systems remain an open question. Here, we study ion-ion temperature relaxation in a binary mixture, exploiting a recently-developed dual-species ultracold neutral plasma. We compare measured relaxation rates with atomistic simulations and a range of popular theories. Our work validates the assumptions and capabilities of the simulations and invalidates theoretical models in this regime. This work illustrates an approach for precision determinations of detailed material properties in Coulomb mixtures across a wide range of conditions.

scholarly journals Observation of a high degree of stopping for laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieru Ren ◽  
Zhigang Deng ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
Benzheng Chen ◽  
Bubo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Proton Beams

Abstract Intense particle beams generated from the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers with sample foils provide options in radiography, high-yield neutron sources, high-energy-density-matter generation, and ion fast ignition. An accurate understanding of beam transportation behavior in dense matter is crucial for all these applications. Here we report the experimental evidence on one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter, in comparison with the current-widely used models describing individual ion stopping in matter. Supported by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we attribute the enhancement to the strong decelerating electric field approaching 1 GV/m that can be created by the beam-driven return current. This collective effect plays the dominant role in the stopping of laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. This finding is essential for the optimum design of ion driven fast ignition and inertial confinement fusion.

scholarly journals Collective absorption of laser radiation in plasma at sub-relativistic intensities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Gu ◽  
O. Klimo ◽  
Ph. Nicolaï ◽  
S. Shekhanov ◽  
S. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Plasma Waves ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Plasma Parameters

Processes of laser energy absorption and electron heating in an expanding plasma in the range of irradiances $I\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{2}=10^{15}{-}10^{16}~\text{W}\,\cdot \,\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}^{2}/\text{cm}^{2}$ are studied with the aid of kinetic simulations. The results show a strong reflection due to stimulated Brillouin scattering and a significant collisionless absorption related to stimulated Raman scattering near and below the quarter critical density. Also presented are parametric decay instability and resonant excitation of plasma waves near the critical density. All these processes result in the excitation of high-amplitude electron plasma waves and electron acceleration. The spectrum of scattered radiation is significantly modified by secondary parametric processes, which provide information on the spatial localization of nonlinear absorption and hot electron characteristics. The considered domain of laser and plasma parameters is relevant for the shock ignition scheme of inertial confinement fusion.

X‐ray spectroscopy of high‐energy density inertial confinement fusion plasmas

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3328-3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Keane ◽  
B. A. Hammel ◽  
D. R. Kania ◽  
J. D. Kilkenny ◽  
R. W. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Fusion Plasmas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Confinement Fusion

Radiation and electron thermal conduction damping of acoustic perturbations in igniting deuterium–tritium gas

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conner D. Galloway ◽  
Robert O. Hunter ◽  
Alexander V. Valys ◽  
Gene H. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Equilibrium Configuration ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Confinement Fusion ◽  
Electron Thermal Conduction ◽  
Low Order

We derive a dispersion relation for the damping of acoustic waves in equi-molar deuterium–tritium (DT) gas due to radiation coupling and electron thermal conduction and discuss its significance for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets with high-Z shells surrounding a central DT fuel region. As the shell implodes around DT fuel in such a target, shocks and waves are transmitted through the DT gas. If the shell is perturbed due to drive non-uniformity or manufacturing imperfection, these shocks and waves may be perturbed as well, and can potentially re-perturb the shell. This can complicate calculation of shell stability and implosion asymmetry and in general make the target less robust against implosion non-uniformity. Damping of perturbations in DT gas can alleviate these complications. Also, damping of low-order modes, which is primarily due to radiation coupling, can drive the DT gas to an isobaric and isothermal ‘equilibrium’ configuration during ignition. We find that for the range of common ignition temperatures in targets with high-Z shells, $2.5\lesssim T_{ig}\lesssim 3.5$  keV, damping of low-order modes is significant for areal densities ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}r$ ) in the broad range of $0.6\lesssim \unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}r\lesssim 1.8~\text{g}~\text{cm}^{-2}$ . This suggests it is advantageous to design these targets to achieve areal densities at ignition within this range. Furthermore, we derive a simple constraint between areal density and temperature, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}r=0.34T_{o}$ where $T_{o}$ is in keV, such that DT gas undergoing equilibrium ignition is optimally robust against non-uniformity.

scholarly journals Petawatt Femtosecond Laser Pulses from Titanium-Doped Sapphire Crystal

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Kiriyama ◽  
Alexander S. Pirozhkov ◽  
Mamiko Nishiuchi ◽  
Yuji Fukuda ◽  
Akito Sagisaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Beam Quality ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sapphire Crystal ◽  
Chirped Pulse Amplification ◽  
Ultra Short Pulse

Ultra-high intensity femtosecond lasers have now become excellent scientific tools for the study of extreme material states in small-scale laboratory settings. The invention of chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) combined with titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) crystals have enabled realization of such lasers. The pursuit of ultra-high intensity science and applications is driving worldwide development of new capabilities. A petawatt (PW = 1015 W), femtosecond (fs = 10−15 s), repetitive (0.1 Hz), high beam quality J-KAREN-P (Japan Kansai Advanced Relativistic ENgineering Petawatt) Ti:sapphire CPA laser has been recently constructed and used for accelerating charged particles (ions and electrons) and generating coherent and incoherent ultra-short-pulse, high-energy photon (X-ray) radiation. Ultra-high intensities of 1022 W/cm2 with high temporal contrast of 10−12 and a minimal number of pre-pulses on target has been demonstrated with the J-KAREN-P laser. Here, worldwide ultra-high intensity laser development is summarized, the output performance and spatiotemporal quality improvement of the J-KAREN-P laser are described, and some experimental results are briefly introduced.

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