Conley–Zehnder index and bifurcation of fixed points of Hamiltonian maps

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 2086-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANXIA DENG ◽  
ZHIHONG XIA
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Parameter Family ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Symplectic Diffeomorphisms ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
The One

We study the bifurcations of fixed points of Hamiltonian maps and symplectic diffeomorphisms. We are particularly interested in the bifurcations where the Conley–Zehnder index of a fixed point changes. The main result is that when the Conley–Zehnder index of a fixed point increases (or decreases) by one or two, we observe that there are several bifurcation scenarios. Under some non-degeneracy conditions on the one-parameter family of maps, two, four or eight fixed points bifurcate from the original one. We give a relatively detailed analysis of the bifurcation in the two-dimensional case. We also show that higher-dimensional cases can be reduced to the two-dimensional case.

A Graphical Exposition of the Ising Problem

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Harary
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
The One

Ising [1] proposed the problem which now bears his name and solved it for the one-dimensional case only, leaving the higher dimensional cases as unsolved problems. The first solution to the two dimensional Ising problem was obtained by Onsager [6]. Onsager's method was subsequently explained more clearly by Kaufman [3]. More recently, Kac and Ward [2] discovered a simpler procedure involving determinants which is not logically complete.

Regions-based Two-dimensional Continua: The Euclidean Case

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Hellman ◽  
Stewart Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Induction ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Entire Space ◽  
Euclidean Case ◽  
Free Basis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Archimedean Property ◽  
The One

This chapter develops a Euclidean, two-dimensional, regions-based theory. As with the semi-Aristotelian account in Chapter 2, the goal here is to recover the now orthodox Dedekind–Cantor continuum on a point-free basis. The chapter derives the Archimedean property for a class of readily postulated orientations of certain special regions, what are called “generalized quadrilaterals” (intended as parallelograms), by which the entire space is covered. Then the chapter generalizes this to arbitrary orientations, and then establishes an isomorphism between the space and the usual point-based one. As in the one-dimensional case, this is done on the basis of axioms which contain no explicit “extremal clause”, and we have no axiom of induction other than ordinary numerical (mathematical) induction.

scholarly journals AN ALTERNATIVE DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION PRESCRIPTION

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. EDELSTEIN ◽  
C. NÚÑEZ ◽  
F.A. SCHAPOSNIK ◽  
J.J. GIAMBIAGI
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Green Functions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Coordinate ◽  
Higher Dimensional

We propose an alternative dimensional reduction prescription which in respect with Green functions corresponds to dropping the extra spatial coordinate. From this, we construct the dimensionally reduced Lagrangians both for scalars and fermions, discussing bosonization and supersymmetry in the particular two-dimensional case. We argue that our proposal is in some situations more physical in the sense that it maintains the form of the interactions between particles thus preserving the dynamics corresponding to the higher-dimensional space.

scholarly journals Revisiting the 1D and 2D Laplace Transforms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Duarte Ortigueira ◽  
José Tenreiro Machado
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Laplace Transforms ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The One

This paper reviews the unilateral and bilateral, one- and two-dimensional Laplace transforms. The unilateral and bilateral Laplace transforms are compared in the one-dimensional case, leading to the formulation of the initial-condition theorem. This problem is solved with all generality in the one- and two-dimensional cases with the bilateral Laplace transform. General two-dimensional linear systems are introduced and the corresponding transfer function defined.

Higher Dimensional Asymptotic Cycles

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Schwartzman
Keyword(s):  
Invariant Measure ◽  
Compact Manifold ◽  
Invariant Measures ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Stationary Points ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
The One

AbstractGiven a p-dimensional oriented foliation of an n-dimensional compact manifold Mn and a transversal invariant measure τ, Sullivan has defined an element of Hp(Mn; R). This generalized the notion of a μ-asymptotic cycle, which was originally defined for actions of the real line on compact spaces preserving an invariant measure μ. In this one-dimensional case there was a natural 1—1 correspondence between transversal invariant measures τ and invariant measures μ when one had a smooth flow without stationary points.For what we call an oriented action of a connected Lie group on a compact manifold we again get in this paper such a correspondence, provided we have what we call a positive quantifier. (In the one-dimensional case such a quantifier is provided by the vector field defining the flow.) Sufficient conditions for the existence of such a quantifier are given, together with some applications.

A Two-Dimensional Model of the Fluid Dynamics of an Air Reverser

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mu¨ftu¨ ◽  
T. S. Lewis ◽  
K. A. Cole ◽  
R. C. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Web Handling ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
The One ◽  
The Web

A theoretical analysis of the fluid mechanics of the air cushion of the air reversers used in web-handling systems is presented. A two-dimensional model of the air flow is derived by averaging the equations of conservation of mass and momentum over the clearance between the web and the reverser. The resulting equations are Euler’s equations with nonlinear source terms representing the air supply holes in the surface of the reverser. The equations are solved analytically for the one-dimensional case and numerically for the two-dimensional case. Results are compared with an empirical formula and the one-dimensional airjet theory developed for hovercraft. Conditions that maximize the air pressure supporting the web are analyzed and design guidelines are deduced.

HOW IS THE DYNAMICS OF KÖNIG ITERATION FUNCTIONS AFFECTED BY THEIR ADDITIONAL FIXED POINTS?

Fractals ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. DRAKOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Points ◽  
Rational Functions ◽  
Parameter Family ◽  
Quadratic Polynomials ◽  
Iteration Functions ◽  
Extraneous Fixed Points ◽  
Roots Of Equations ◽  
The One ◽  
Cubic Polynomials ◽  
Raphson Method

König iteration functions are a generalization of Newton–Raphson method to determine roots of equations. These higher-degree rational functions possess additional fixed points, which are generally different from the desired roots. We first prove two new results: firstly, about these extraneous fixed points and, secondly, about the Julia sets of the König functions associated with the one-parameter family of quadratic polynomials. Then, after finding all the critical points of the König functions as applied to a one-parameter family of cubic polynomials, we examine the orbits of the ones available for convergence to an attracting periodic cycle, should such a cycle exist.

scholarly journals On the notion of the dimension with respect to a dynamical system

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. B. Pesin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Hausdorff Dimension ◽  
Invariant Sets ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Dynamical Properties ◽  
The One ◽  
Hyperbolic Sets

AbstractFor the invariant sets of dynamical systems a new notion of dimension-the so-called dimension with respect to a dynamical system-is introduced. It has some common features with the general topological notion of the dimension, but it also reflects the dynamical properties of the system. In the one-dimensional case it coincides with the Hausdorff dimension. For multi-dimensional hyperbolic sets formulae for the calculation of our dimension are obtained. These results are generalizations of Manning's results obtained by him for the Hausdorff dimension in the two-dimensional case.

Restricted orbit equivalence for ergodic ${\Bbb Z}^{d}$ actions I

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET WHALEN KAMMEYER ◽  
DANIEL J. RUDOLPH
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Relation ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Orbit Equivalence ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ergodic Transformations ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
The One ◽  
Equivalence Invariant ◽  
Classical Entropy

In [R1] a notion of restricted orbit equivalence for ergodic transformations was developed. Here we modify that structure in order to generalize it to actions of higher-dimensional groups, in particular ${\Bbb Z}^d$-actions. The concept of a ‘size’ is developed first from an axiomatized notion of the size of a permutation of a finite block in ${\Bbb Z}^d$. This is extended to orbit equivalences which are cohomologous to the identity and, via the natural completion, to a notion of restricted orbit equivalence. This is shown to be an equivalence relation. Associated to each size is an entropy which is an equivalence invariant. As in the one-dimensional case this entropy is either the classical entropy or is zero. Several examples are discussed.

scholarly journals The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for the Two-Dimensional Mathews-Lakshmanan Oscillator

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wang Guangbao ◽  
Ding Guangtao
Keyword(s):  
Lagrange Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hamiltonian Function ◽  
First Integral ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Analytical Mechanics ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Rectangular Coordinates ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
The One

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the theory and methods of analytical mechanics that can be effectively applied to the research of some nonlinear nonconservative systems through the case study of two-dimensionally coupled Mathews-Lakshmanan oscillator (abbreviated as M-L oscillator). (1) According to the inverse problem method of Lagrangian mechanics, the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian function in the form of rectangular coordinates of the two-dimensional M-L oscillator is directly constructed from an integral of the two-dimensional M-L oscillators. (2) The Lagrange and Hamiltonian function in the form of polar coordinate was rewritten by using coordinate transformation. (3) By introducing the vector form variables, the two-dimensional M-L oscillator motion differential equation, the first integral, and the Lagrange function are written. Therefore, the two-dimensional M-L oscillator is directly extended to the three-dimensional case, and it is proved that the three-dimensional M-L oscillator can be reduced to the two-dimensional case. (4) The two direct integration methods were provided to solve the two-dimensional M-L oscillator by using polar coordinate Lagrangian and pointed out that the one-dimensional M-L oscillator is a special case of the two-dimensional M-L oscillator.

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