SUBTLE AND DANGEROUS: THE CROSSBOW TRIGGER METAPHOR IN EARLY CHINA

Early China ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Boqun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Great Distance ◽  
Early China ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Trigger Mechanism ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Tactics ◽  
Cognitive Pattern

Abstract The crossbow trigger was a powerful device in early Chinese warfare that had a profound impact on military tactics. Against such a background, the word for “trigger,” namely ji, became a pregnant metaphor in ancient texts from the Warring States onwards. It refers to the correlation between a “subtle” initial state and a “dangerous” and far-reaching consequence, because the small movement of pulling the trigger may kill a person at a great distance. Borrowing insights from Hans Blumenberg's metaphorology, I offer a new theory of the original meaning of ji and argue that the trigger mechanism inspires a complex metaphorical scheme that consists of three levels of ambiguities and a web of associated images. It provides a linguistic and cognitive pattern for organizing a wide range of heterogeneous life-world situations, from the moral precariousness of human speech to the vulnerability of an outnumbered army in battle.

scholarly journals WANTON GODDESSES TO UNSPOKEN WORTHIES: GENDERED HERMENEUTICS IN THE CHU CI ZHANGJU

Early China ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 333-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica E. M. Zikpi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Early China ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Female Deities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
Han Culture ◽  
Eastern Han

AbstractThe influential Chu ci zhangju 楚辭章句, the earliest received edition of the foundational poetry anthology Chuci 楚辭, performs a distinct gender bias in its exegesis of deities, and this bias accords with the Eastern Han ideology of the editor Wang Yi 王逸 (2nd c. CE) more than with immanent features of the original Warring States texts. The gender bias is an essential feature of Wang Yi’s canonization of the Chuci, and it lays the groundwork of the allegorical tradition of interpreting the Chuci. This paper analyzes the zhangju presentation of archetypal Chuci texts to elucidate the hermeneutic transformation of gender and religion in early China, comparing the Eastern Han exegeses with earlier and later interpretations, immanent textual features, and fresh perspectives on Warring States and Han culture that have emerged from archeological evidence. The analysis demonstrates that the Chuci zhangju treats the male deities more literally than the female deities, reflecting the reduction in status of goddesses in late Han discourse. The history of gender ideology is an essential critical lens for understanding the Chuci and the tradition that emerged from it.

scholarly journals Use of sound spectral signals analysis to assess the technical condition of mechanical devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Paweł Maciąg ◽  
Leszek Chałko
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Sound Emission ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Safety Systems

The article presents the results of a part of research conducted by the authors into a wide range of work on automation of public safety systems. Their main purpose is to create, on the basis of sound signals analysis, system of warning against the use of firearms monitored public places not only at the time of shooting, but at the stage of preparing - the firearm reloading process. The range of acoustic measurements presented in the article and their analyzes included variability of sound emission of selected type of firearms depending on the number of operations and thus the degree of wear. Analysis of the recorded data will allow in the future to develop a system enabling not only to determine a type of firearm or tp narrow down the search area of individual specimens, but also to determine the degree of wear in terms of suitability for further use. The results discussed in the article correspond to two states of the same firearm model. The first is the initial state from the manufacturer’s factory after returning 50 control shots, the other after over 20,000 cycles. The used firearm was technically fully efficient, with no need to replace the elements during operation as well as tests. The presented scope of measurements includes spectral analysis of sound in the near field and time analysis of sound emission levels in the successive operation phases of the firearm mechanisms.

Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts: VI. Acting Out

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (538) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sandler ◽  
A. Holder ◽  
C. Dare
Keyword(s):  
Acting Out ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Wide Range

We have previously suggested that a number of psychoanalytic concepts have undergone changes of meaning when extended to wider settings both within psychoanalysis and outside it (Sandler, Dare, and Holder, 1970a, b; Sandler, Holder and Dare, 1970a, b, c). This has led to situations in which the same term can have a variety of meanings attached to it, with consequent confusion and loss of precision. A clear example of this is the concept oftransference,which is now given a wide range of meanings, including that of being simply a synonym for ‘relationship'—a usage substantially different from its original meaning (Sandler, Dare and Holder, 1970b).

scholarly journals Fictitious-Time Wave-Packet Dynamics in Atomic Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 871-876
Author(s):  
Tomaž Fabčič ◽  
Jörg Main ◽  
Günter Wunner
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Coulomb Potential ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Time Coordinate ◽  
Atomic Systems ◽  
Variational Approximations ◽  
Singular Behaviour ◽  
Wave Packet Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pure Coulomb

Gaussian wave packets (GWPs) are well suited as basis functions to describe the time evolution of arbitrary wave functions in systems with non-singular smooth potentials. They are rare in atomic systems on account of the singular behaviour of the Coulomb potential.We present a time-dependent variational method that makes the use of GWPs possible in the description of propagation of quantum states also in these systems. We use a regularization of the Coulomb potential and introduce a fictitious-time coordinate in which the evolution of an initial state can be calculated exactly and analytically for a pure Coulomb potential. Therefore, in perturbed atomic systems variational approximations only arise from those parts of the potentials which deviate from the Coulomb potential. The method is applied to the hydrogen atom in external magnetic and electric fields. It can be adapted to systems with definite symmetries and thus allows for a wide range of applications.

Measurement of heat stress conditions at cow level and comparison to climate conditions at stationary locations inside a dairy barn

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K Schüller ◽  
Wolfgang Heuwieser
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Climatic Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Humidity Index

The objectives of this study were to examine heat stress conditions at cow level and to investigate the relationship to the climate conditions at 5 different stationary locations inside a dairy barn. In addition, we compared the climate conditions at cow level between primiparous and multiparous cows for a period of 1 week after regrouping. The temperature-humidity index (THI) differed significantly between all stationary loggers. The lowest THI was measured at the window logger in the experimental stall and the highest THI was measured at the central logger in the experimental stall. The THI at the mobile cow loggers was 2·33 THI points higher than at the stationary loggers. Furthermore, the mean daily THI was higher at the mobile cow loggers than at the stationary loggers on all experimental days. The THI in the experimental pen was 0·44 THI points lower when the experimental cow group was located inside the milking parlour. The THI measured at the mobile cow loggers was 1·63 THI points higher when the experimental cow group was located inside the milking parlour. However, there was no significant difference for all climate variables between primiparous and multiparous cows. These results indicate, there is a wide range of climate conditions inside a dairy barn and especially areas with a great distance to a fresh air supply have an increased risk for the occurrence of heat stress conditions. Furthermore, the heat stress conditions are even higher at cow level and cows not only influence their climatic environment, but also generate microclimates within different locations inside the barn. Therefore climate conditions should be obtained at cow level to evaluate the heat stress conditions that dairy cows are actually exposed to.

Coherent population effect in a Λ-configuration atom driven by two trains of ultrashort pulses

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1550048
Author(s):  
Kang Jin ◽  
Yingjie Du
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Atomic System ◽  
Ultrashort Pulses ◽  
Coherent Population Trapping ◽  
Maximal Degree ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Dark State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Population Trapping

In this paper, we investigate the evolutional dynamics of a Λ-type atomic system of which two branches of transitions are driven by two trains of ultrashort pulse respectively. The accumulating of atomic populations and coherences due to excitations of successive pulses are demonstrated by the numerical simulations. The realization of the coherent population trapping (CPT) effect is verified. When the spontaneous generated coherence (SGC) is considered, the system will evolve to the dark state even when the initial state is not the dark state if the degree of the SGC is not maximal and the degree of the SGC will influence the time needed to reach the atomic steady state. With the maximal degree of SGC, whether the system will evolve into the dark state depends on the initial state. This fact means that the maximal SGC spoils the dark state geometry, which a Λ-type atom driven by light field satisfies. Additionally, we found that the involvement of the phase of the driving field can counteract the destruction stem from the maximal degree of the SGC on the dark state geometry, i.e. the system can be trapped in the dark state even when the initial state is not the dark state. Meanwhile, it is found that the phase can adjust the time needed by the system to reach the steady state in a quite wide range.

scholarly journals Moonlighting Proteins: The Case of the Hexokinases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodríguez-Saavedra ◽  
Luis Enrique Morgado-Martínez ◽  
Andrés Burgos-Palacios ◽  
Beatriz King-Díaz ◽  
Montserrat López-Coria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Conformational State ◽  
Product Concentration ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Moonlighting Proteins ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Moonlighting Functions

Moonlighting proteins are defined as proteins with two or more functions that are unrelated and independent to each other, so that inactivation of one of them should not affect the second one and vice versa. Intriguingly, all the glycolytic enzymes are described as moonlighting proteins in some organisms. Hexokinase (HXK) is a critical enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and displays a wide range of functions in different organisms such as fungi, parasites, mammals, and plants. This review discusses HXKs moonlighting functions in depth since they have a profound impact on the responses to nutritional, environmental, and disease challenges. HXKs’ activities can be as diverse as performing metabolic activities, as a gene repressor complexing with other proteins, as protein kinase, as immune receptor and regulating processes like autophagy, programmed cell death or immune system responses. However, most of those functions are particular for some organisms while the most common moonlighting HXK function in several kingdoms is being a glucose sensor. In this review, we also analyze how different regulation mechanisms cause HXK to change its subcellular localization, oligomeric or conformational state, the response to substrate and product concentration, and its interactions with membrane, proteins, or RNA, all of which might impact the HXK moonlighting functions.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of future linear $$\hbox {e}^+\hbox {e}^-$$ colliders to processes of dark matter production with light mediator exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kalinowski ◽  
Wojciech Kotlarski ◽  
Krzysztof Mȩkała ◽  
Paweł Sopicki ◽  
Aleksander Filip Żarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
International Linear Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
State Radiation ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAs any $$e^+e^-$$ e + e - scattering process can be accompanied by a hard photon emission from the initial state radiation, the analysis of the energy spectrum and angular distributions of those photons can be used to search for hard processes with an invisible final state. Thus high energy $$e^+e^-$$ e + e - colliders offer a unique possibility for the most general search of dark matter (DM) based on the mono-photon signature. We consider production of DM particles at the International Linear Collider (ILC) and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) experiments via a light mediator exchange. Detector effects are taken into account within the Delphes fast simulation framework. Limits on the light DM production in a simplified model are set as a function of the mediator mass and width based on the expected two-dimensional distributions of the reconstructed mono-photon events. The experimental sensitivity is extracted in terms of the DM production cross section. Limits on the mediator couplings are then presented for a wide range of mediator masses and widths. For light mediators, for masses up to the centre-of-mass energy of the collider, coupling limits derived from the mono-photon analysis are more stringent than those expected from direct resonance searches in decay channels to SM particles.

A SELF-REFLEXIVE PRAXIS: CHANGING ATTITUDES TOWARDS MANUSCRIPT AND TEXT IN EARLY CHINA

Early China ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 75-110
Author(s):  
Rens Krijgsman
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Early China ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Status ◽  
Changing Attitudes

AbstractThis article examines the attitudes of Warring States textual witnesses to the increase in presence of and reliance on bamboo manuscripts in communicating knowledge. Based on a rereading of transmitted materials and four manuscript texts (*Wuwang JianzuoA and B,*Baoxun, and theZhou Wuwang you ji) from the Warring States period, I analyze how contemporaries dealt with questions about the status of (manuscript) texts, their use and transmission, their trustworthiness, and their ability to preserve knowledge. These are texts that talk about themselves. They remark upon the physicality of text and the act of writing, the problem of oral and written transmission, and the differences in the ability of memory and manuscripts to store, hide, and reveal knowledge. I argue that these different reflections reveal a change in the predominant medium of communicating knowledge towards an increased reliance on bamboo manuscripts gradually and partially replacing traditional knowledge practices.

Suppression of Spin-Glass State in PrB6

2012 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Anisimov ◽  
A.V. Bogach ◽  
V.V. Glushkov ◽  
S.V. Demishev ◽  
N.A. Samarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Spin Glass ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Spontaneous Magnetization ◽  
Initial State ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The comprehensive study of transverse magnetoresistance (MR) and magnetization has been carried out on the high quality single crystals of PrB6 in the wide range of temperatures 2-40K and magnetic fields up to 80kOe. In order to estimate the role of boron vacancies in the formation of the new spin-glass (SG) phase detected by Alekseev et al. below 20K the experiments were carried out on the ordinary (initial state) and annealed single crystals of PrB6. The data obtained demonstrate the appearance of spontaneous magnetization below TSG21.3K with M~1.6 emu/mol for initial state and the absence of spontaneous magnetization for the annealed PrB6 samples. On the contrary, quite similar behavior of MR was detected for various samples of PrB6. Our results suggest the existence of the aggregated boron vacancies which provoke the new SG phase formation in PrB6 at TSG.

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