scholarly journals ‘Quod grata lavacra nitescunt’: Roman Villa Baths as Markers of Elite Competition in Continental North-Western Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sadi Maréchal
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Roman Villa ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
North Western

This article examines how villa baths in the north-western Roman empire can help us understand how rural regions were incorporated in the Roman cultural sphere despite the absence of cities and secondary agglomerations. Whereas in the first phase of Roman rule the addition of private baths to a villa could be interpreted as a marker of a Roman way of life, the ever larger and more luxurious bathhouses of the second and third centuries ad can only be understood in the context of intra-elite competition, revealing a real concern for displaying wealth and underlining social status, but also for leaving a family legacy. Here, a case-study in the rural north-west examines the role of baths in the self-representation of elites, the consolidation of elite peer interaction networks, the creation of social exclusion, and the inclusion of new ideas into local cultures.

The case for comparison

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Haour
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
North Western

This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the comparison of rulers, warriors, traders, and clerics on the central Sahel and the North Sea region. It argues that there was more similarity between north-western Europe and the central Sahel in the few centuries either side of AD 1001 than has hitherto been recognised, and maintains that the nature of the sources has obscured these formative times and left them in the shadow of organised structures. It discusses the interconnectedness of central Sahel and north-west Europe through contacts and shared pre-industrial nature.

Seal-Hunting in the Stone Age of North-Western Europe: A Study in Economic Prehistory

1946 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 12-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. D. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Vital Interest ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
North Western

Although it has been widely recognised that the bones of seals occur on Stone Age sites in various parts of north-western Europe, no comprehensive attempt to clarify the history and estimate the role of seal-hunting in the economy of Stone Age Europe has yet been made. The research, on which the present paper is based, is part of a programme to further knowledge of prehistoric times by the study of social activities. Seal-hunting is here considered, not because it gave rise to objects which need classifying and dating, but simply because it was an activity of vital interest to certain coast-dwelling communities in north-western Europe during the Stone Age. If the physiological approach is stressed, this is not to depreciate the morphological: in point of fact the more we discover about any human activity the more fitted we become to interpret correctly the material objects or structures associated with it.Archaeology is rarely sufficient to recover the way of life of early man. The problem of seal-hunting in antiquity, which is after all basically biological, is one of those which can only be resolved by several convergent disciplines. The foundations of the present study have been laid by zoologists, men who, like Winge, Holmquist, Pira, Degerböl and others, have given us precise information about the seals hunted by early man, through patient identification of bones and teeth from archaeological deposits, or who, by their observation of the life habits and distribution of the various species in the field, have, like Collett, Nordqvist, Nansen and Fraser Darling, enabled us to visualise the opportunities open to the old hunters.

Teleost community composition and the role of herbivory on the intertidal reef of a small isolated island in north-west Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Bessey ◽  
John K. Keesing ◽  
James McLaughlin ◽  
Max Rees ◽  
Mark Tonks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
North West ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
The North ◽  
Specialist Herbivores ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Small Surface Area ◽  
North Western

Most of the world’s tropical coastal and shelf areas are heavily affected by anthropogenic activities, but the north-west shelf of Australia is considered a ‘very low-impact’ area. The role of herbivory on coral reefs is recognised, but most of that research comes from reefs with considerable land-based impacts. In this study we sampled the teleost community and evaluated herbivory on the reef platform at Browse Island, a small isolated island 200km off north-western Australia, using several approaches: (1) tethering of macroalgae; (2) herbivore exclosures; and (3) video footage. In total, 99 teleost species from 26 families were identified. Turf algal consumption was evident and 18 teleost turf consumers were identified. In contrast, no evidence was found of herbivory on large macroalgae, and browsers, the only group able to consume macroalgae, were represented by just four species all belonging to the genus Naso. The lack of diversity among these specialist herbivores may be a consequence of the small surface area of the reef and the distance to other emergent reefs. Based on a model of top-down control of macroalgae, the reef is potentially vulnerable to disturbance. Small isolated reefs can have low resilience despite having low impacts from land.

scholarly journals The First Major Grammars of English and Romanian: A Comparative Approach

Linguaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Daniela Doboș
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
English Language ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
North Western

If the history of the English language is the story of its written texts, the same holds true for the history of the Romanian language, and in both cases the first grammars played a major part in the shaping up of the respective vernaculars. The paper proposes a comparative approach to the beginnings of codified grammars in English and Romanian, with a focus on those that are deemed to be the first major works– Robert Lowth’s A Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762) and Samuil Micu and Gheorghe Şincai’s Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae (1780). This approach considers topics such as why grammars might have been desirable in the eighteenth century (the political factor), and the functions of ‘grammars’, which are relevant in both cases; what language was actually codified, as well as the role of Latin in this enterprise, since it is worth noting that while English and Romanian belong in different language families, Latin was a formative element in both, ever since the territories of the two respective countries marked the North-Western and South-Eastern borders of the Roman Empire.

First record of Hylomyscus walterverheyeni (Rodentia: Muridae) on the north-western side of the Sanaga River (western Cameroon)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2044 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAIN DIDIER MISSOUP ◽  
VIOLAINE NICOLAS ◽  
WIM WENDELEN ◽  
CHARLES FELIX BILONG BILONG ◽  
CORINNE CRUAUD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Western Side ◽  
North Western

We used both molecular and craniometrical data to test the presence of Hylomyscus walterverheyeni in the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). Our molecular (cytochrome b and 16S gene sequencing) and morphometrical data (discriminant analyses) clearly show the presence of H. walterverheyeni in the CVL, north-west of the Sanaga River. Hylomyscus walterverheyeni occupies both lowland and mountain forests (up to 2000m asl). In our phylogenetic analyses, the CVL specimens form a monophyletic group. This clade seems to reflect the role of the Sanaga River as a barrier to gene flow within the species.

“Our Cause” in the North-West Region: J.I. Fudel’s Views (1889–1892)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Vinyukova
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Church ◽  
North Western

The article examines the views of the Orthodox priest I.I. Fudel on the position and goals of the Orthodox Church in the North-Western region and on the confessional policy of the Russian Empire in that region. The position of father Joseph, who served in Bialystok for several years, correlates with the opinion of major figures in the public debate on that issue – A.A. Vladimirov, I.P. Kornilov, M.N. Katkov, K.N. Leontiev, – and Slavophil idea. Special attention is paid to the polemics of Fudel and Vladimirov in the «Russian review» journal. The author shows that the idea of «our cause» for father Joseph was precisely the Orthodox mission, which, in turn, would have led to natural, voluntary assimilation of local population. Putting the «religious» above the «national» and «governmental», distinguishing the interests, goals and means of the state and the Church, Fudel did not deny the role of the state principles in the establishment of Orthodoxy in the region, which he saw primarily as imperative of government funding of various Church institutions.

Bolstered ISWAP will stretch Nigerian army resources

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
North Western

Significance In recent months, ISWAP has apparently seized large amounts of military weapons and equipment from the Nigerian military, including heavy armour, and strengthened its control of seized areas. With a raging banditry crisis in the north-west dividing its attention, the army is on the back foot against both ISWAP and the Abubakar Shekau-led Boko Haram faction in the Lake Chad Basin. Impacts ISWAP’s funding will likely remain locally based over the short term, but concerns will grow over increasing international links. Shekau’s Boko Haram faction is less potent currently but remains a serious threat over the short-to-medium term. Minimal reported clashes between ISWAP and Boko Haram fighters indicate both are mainly occupied with attacking military targets for now. Scrutiny will grow over the alleged role of Ansaru, a small group of al-Qaida-linked former Boko Haram fighters, in north-western violence.

scholarly journals Dialectometry and Genetic Demography of Cystic Fibrosis. When Results Converge: The Case of Western Brittany

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 63-104
Author(s):  
Nadine Pellen ◽  
◽  
Tanguy Solliec ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Linguistic Distance ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Demography ◽  
North Western

This article was born out of two separate approaches carried out independently of one another. The first dealt with genetic demography and the second with variational linguistics, aiming to study the population and language of Brittany from a certain perspective. In their recent study of the genetic history of France, Saint Pierre et al. show that Brittany “is substantially closer to the population from north-west Europe than to the north of France, in spite of both being equally geographically close” (2020: 863). They propose that the Bretons’ earliest ancestors could be the descendants of early Neolithic pastoralist nomads from the Steppes (SP) who would have arrived in Brittany (i.e. the ‘NW cluster’) via north-western Europe. The second hypothesis would support the idea of a more recent migration from northern Europe with high SP proportion, i.e., Celtic and/or Anglo-Saxon. Our initial hypothesis is that the convergences in linguistics and genetics may be explained by a unique historical event, namely, the Brittonic settlement of the Armorican peninsula from the 4th through at least the 7th centuries and perhaps as late as the 8th century. The application of linguistic distance measurements in the study of vernacular Breton varieties by means of a dialectometric analysis made it possible to observe clear correspondences between levels of linguistic similarity and the distribution of the genetic pools linked to cystic fibrosis. The convergence of our collective findings is most clearly manifested in the radical opposition of the north-western and the south-eastern zones of Breton-speaking Brittany in terms of the linguistic and genetic data. In our view, the scientific approach inherent to genetic and dialectometric research and the concordance of these data appear to not only reinforce many of the hypotheses advanced previously but to open new avenues for future research.

Fortifications in the North-Western Roman Empire from the Third to the Fifth Centuries A.D.

1971 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 178-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald von Petrikovits
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
North West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North Western

Roman methods of fortification in the north-western portions of the Empire change significantly during the second half of the third century, the difference from the Principate being more apparent in military building than in civil. We may accept the universal view that these changes were due to increasing insecurity in Dacia, on the Rhine and Danube frontiers, and along the coast. From its beginnings in the first half of the century, the threat to the north-west by Germans and tribes from the steppes reached such a pitch in and after the 250's that it seriously endangered Roman rule in Europe. The Goths broke through the Danube frontier into Moesia several times from 238 onwards, and Roman morale was gravely affected when they killed Decius and his son in the disastrous battle of Abrittus (251). The northern barbarians fell upon towns in Greece and Asia Minor, and plundered them; only in the years following 268 did some emperors succeed in mastering the danger.

Training of Village Teachers in Vilna Educational District in the 1860s and 1870s

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Anna A. Komzolova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

One of the results of the educational reform of the 1860s was the formation of the regular personnel of village teachers. In Vilna educational district the goal was not to invite teachers from central Russia, but to train them on the spot by establishing special seminaries. Trained teachers were supposed to perform the role of «cultural brokers» – the intermediaries between local peasants and the outside world, between the culture of Russian intelligentsia and the culture of the Belarusian people. The article examines how officials and teachers of Vilna educational district saw the role of rural teachers as «cultural brokers» in the context of the linguistic and cultural diversity of the North-Western Provinces. According to them, the graduates of the pedagogical seminaries had to remain within the peasant estate and to keep in touch with their folk «roots». The special «mission» of the village teachers was in promoting the ideas of «Russian elements» and historical proximity to Russia among Belarusian peasants.

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