scholarly journals MANAGING MARGINS: OVERDESIGN IN HOSPITAL BUILDING SERVICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
D. A. Jones ◽  
C. Eckert ◽  
P. Garthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Hospital Case ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Hospital Building

AbstractThe capacity of building services in many hospitals exceeds the requirements by significant amounts. Oversizing of building services has a direct impact on building efficiency and operational costs, ultimately impacting upon patient care, by diverting much needed funding. A key factor leading to the oversizing is the excessive and uncoordinated application of design margins across various project stages. Based on a hospital case study, this paper analyses the reasons for the overdesign of a replacement cooling system and raises the importance of managing margins activity to avoid overdesign.

scholarly journals Empowering Decision Makers to Avoid the Oversizing of Building Service Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144
Author(s):  
Darren Anthony Jones ◽  
Claudia Margot Eckert
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Energy Efficiency Targets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Stages

AbstractOversizing of building service systems has a direct impact on building efficiency and operational costs. The research of this paper highlights several major contributors to the issue of oversizing. A key factor is the excessive and uncoordinated application of design margins applied during the multiple stages of a building services project; others include, a lack of communication and transparency across the various stakeholder groups, and the use of vague or unreliable data upon which initial project requirements are based. The impact of these factors on system performance and cost, and how these can impede on a building's ability to meet energy efficiency targets are analysed and discussed.The paper emphasises the need to develop robust processes that capture the scope and rationale for the margins applied, and to communicate this knowledge in a clear and unambiguous format, to all project stakeholders. The development of flexible and alternative design solutions that apply diversity principles, such as different backup systems to provide resilience rather than the traditional ‘like-for- like’ redundancy solutions, are also explored.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE EMBEDDED CARBON CHALLENGES OF BUILDING SERVICE SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3279-3288
Author(s):  
Maria Hein ◽  
Darren Anthony Jones ◽  
Claudia Margot Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Operational Energy

AbstractEnergy consumed in buildings is a main contributor to CO2 emissions, there is therefore a need to improve the energy performance of buildings, particularly commercial buildings whereby building service systems are often substantially over-designed due to the application of excess margins during the design process.The cooling system of an NHS Hospital was studied and modelled in order to identify if the system was overdesigned, and to quantify the oversizing impact on the system operational and embodied carbon footprints. Looking at the operational energy use and environmental performance of the current system as well as an alternative optimised system through appropriate modelling and calculation, the case study results indicate significant environmental impacts are caused by the oversizing of cooling system.The study also established that it is currently more difficult to obtain an estimate of the embodied carbon footprint of building service systems. It is therefore the responsibility of the machine builders to provide information and data relating to the embodied carbon of their products, which in the longer term, this is likely to become a standard industry requirement.

scholarly journals Procedure for the Selection of Rubber Compound in Rubber-Metal Springs for Vibration Isolation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Milan Banić ◽  
Dušan Stamenković ◽  
Aleksandar Miltenović ◽  
Dragan Jovanović ◽  
Milan Tica
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Virtual Experiment ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Railway Engineering ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of a rubber compound has a determining influence on the final characteristics of rubber-metal springs. Therefore, the correct selection of a rubber compound is a key factor for development of rubber-metal vibration isolation springs with required characteristics. The procedure for the selection of the rubber compound for vibration isolation of rubber-metal springs has been proposed, so that the rubber-metal elements have the necessary characteristics, especially in terms of deflection. The procedure is based on numerical simulation of spring deflection with Bergström-Boyce constitutive model in virtual experiment, with a goal to determine which parameters of the constitutive model will lead to spring required deflection. The procedure was verified by case study defined to select rubber compound for a rubber–metal spring used in railway engineering.

scholarly journals A solar air-cooled high efficiency absorption system in dry hot climates: Reduction of water consumption and environmental impact

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2151-2162
Author(s):  
Jose Marcos ◽  
Raquel Lizarte ◽  
Fernando Varela ◽  
Maria Palacios-Lorenzo ◽  
Ana Blanco-Marigorta
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Absorption System ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
Solar Cooling System

A solar cooling system with an optimized air-cooled double-effect water/LiBr absorption machine is proposed as a sustainable alternative to meet cooling demands in dry hot climates. This system allows eliminating the cooling towers in those regions of the planet where water is scarce. This work analyses the environmental benefits of this air-cooled system, as well as its environmental foot-prints, compared to a solar water-cooled single effect. In this regard, a methodology has been applied to calculate the annual saving in water consumption produced in a case study: a hospital located in Almer?a, in South of Spain. Further-more, the reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions is also quantified since this machine can be driven by solar energy and with higher efficiency than those of single effect.

scholarly journals Effect of Sediment Size in Hydraulic Turbine Material: A Case Study of Roshi Khola in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Laxman Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Hydraulic Turbine ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Reservoir Capacity ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Hydraulic Turbines

Siltation problem in Nepal is major and challenging in hydropower development. It degrades the reservoir capacity and hydraulic turbines’ efficiency. Many researches have been carried out in this field and have proven sand as major substance that erodes the turbine material, but only few researches have accounted every parameters of sand on degradation of hydraulic turbines. This paper accounts size of sediments important parameter that has direct impact on turbine material. Sediment size impact has been studied firstly by characterizing size into six layered using sieve analyzer and testing its impact using high velocity test rig at Kathmandu University. Sand samples from 20 different stations of Roshi river were collected and tested on turbine material 18Cr4Ni. It found that greater micron sizes of sediments have great impact was than relatively smaller ones. It is depicted that 300-400 micron size sediment, have highest impact with weight loss of 0.022 milligram, 212-300 micron size has 0.013 milligram weight loss, 90-212 micron size has 0.012 and below 90 micron sizes have 0.0075 milligram of weight loss. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 129-132 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7725

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