Creation of a Collaborative Disaster Preparedness Video for Daycare Providers: Use of the Delphi Model for the Creation of a Comprehensive Disaster Preparedness Video for Daycare Providers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Pamela Mar ◽  
Robert Spears ◽  
Jeffrey Reeb ◽  
Sarah B. Thompson ◽  
Paul Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Emergency Planning ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
American Children ◽  
Question Survey ◽  
Daycare Providers

AbstractObjectiveEight million American children under the age of 5 attend daycare and more than another 50 million American children are in school or daycare settings. Emergency planning requirements for daycare licensing vary by state. Expert opinions were used to create a disaster preparedness video designed for daycare providers to cover a broad spectrum of scenarios.MethodsVarious stakeholders (17) devised the outline for an educational pre-disaster video for child daycare providers using the Delphi technique. Fleiss κ values were obtained for consensus data. A 20-minute video was created, addressing the physical, psychological, and legal needs of children during and after a disaster. Viewers completed an anonymous survey to evaluate topic comprehension.ResultsA consensus was attempted on all topics, ranging from elements for inclusion to presentation format. The Fleiss κ value of 0.07 was obtained. Fifty-seven of the total 168 video viewers completed the 10-question survey, with comprehension scores ranging from 72% to 100%.ConclusionEvaluation of caregivers that viewed our video supports understanding of video contents. Ultimately, the technique used to create and disseminate the resources may serve as a template for others providing pre-disaster planning education. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:123–127)

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Strategies and Nucleoside Analogues

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Robert J. Geraghty ◽  
Matthew T. Aliota ◽  
Laurent F. Bonnac
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
The Family ◽  
Antiviral Nucleoside

The emergence or re-emergence of viruses with epidemic and/or pandemic potential, such as Ebola, Zika, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 and 2 (SARS and SARS-CoV-2) viruses, or new strains of influenza represents significant human health threats due to the absence of available treatments. Vaccines represent a key answer to control these viruses. However, in the case of a public health emergency, vaccine development, safety, and partial efficacy concerns may hinder their prompt deployment. Thus, developing broad-spectrum antiviral molecules for a fast response is essential to face an outbreak crisis as well as for bioweapon countermeasures. So far, broad-spectrum antivirals include two main categories: the family of drugs targeting the host-cell machinery essential for virus infection and replication, and the family of drugs directly targeting viruses. Among the molecules directly targeting viruses, nucleoside analogues form an essential class of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. In this review, we will discuss the interest for broad-spectrum antiviral strategies and their limitations, with an emphasis on virus-targeted, broad-spectrum, antiviral nucleoside analogues and their mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals The Use of Enrofloxacin Antibiotic as a Veterinary Drug and Its Residual Hazards on Public Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Prima Mei Widiyanti ◽  
Mirnawati Bachrum Sudarwanto ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Raphaella Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
The Family ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Food Needs

The livestock sector can improve the community's economy and has a role in fulfilling food needs, especially animal protein. One of the problems in the livestock sector is the presence of infectious diseases that consequently need treatment using veterinary drugs. This paper describes the use of enrofloxacin antibiotics as veterinary drug and their residual hazards on public health. Enrofloxacin is an antibiotic from the family of fluoroquinolones (second generation of quinolone). Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective to kill Gram positive and negative bacteria, so it was used for the treatment of various diseases in animals. Pharmacokinetically, enrofloxacin will be metabolized into ciprofloxacin and other metabolites. The improper use of enrofloxacin antibiotics caused residues in food products of animal origin, microbial resistance and toxicity, therefore the use of enrofloxacin needs to be monitored and evaluated for the sake of animal health and society.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Profile of Disaster Medicine Research from 2008 to 2017: A Scientometric Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Zhigang Zhang ◽  
Lidong Fan ◽  
Shuo Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Thomson Reuters

ABSTRACTThis study analyzed and assessed publication trends in articles on “disaster medicine,” using scientometric analysis. Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Thomson Reuters on March 27, 2017. A total of 564 publications on disaster medicine were identified. There was a mild increase in the number of articles on disaster medicine from 2008 (n=55) to 2016 (n=83). Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness published the most articles, the majority of articles were published in the United States, and the leading institute was Tohoku University. F. Della Corte, M. D. Christian, and P. L. Ingrassia were the top authors on the topic, and the field of public health generated the most publications. Terms analysis indicated that emergency medicine, public health, disaster preparedness, natural disasters, medicine, and management were the research hotspots, whereas Hurricane Katrina, mechanical ventilation, occupational medicine, intensive care, and European journals represented the frontiers of disaster medicine research. Overall, our analysis revealed that disaster medicine studies are closely related to other medical fields and provides researchers and policy-makers in this area with new insight into the hotspots and dynamic directions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:165–172)

Health Behavior and Exercise Adherence

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-222
Author(s):  
Selen Razon ◽  
Michael Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Behavioral Compliance ◽  
Expert Opinions

Behavioral compliance is a fundamental problem in exercise settings. Exercise psychology is concerned with psychosocial determinants of exercise behavior. First, theories and research related to the psychology of exercise are reviewed. Next, five major unanswered questions that revolve around the most commonly studied and least understood aspects of exercise behavior are explored. Specifically, antecedents, determinants, consequences, measurement, and interindividual differences related to exercise behavior are considered. The importance of effectively answering these questions is discussed considering that physical inactivity remains the greatest public health issue of the 21st century. Finally, from a scientist-practitioner standpoint, the potential of experimental methods, systematic reviews, case reports, expert opinions, and cohort studies for approaching the unknowns and advancing the field is evaluated.

scholarly journals Use of Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPERs) to Rapidly Assess Public Health Issues — United States, 2003-2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye M. Bayleyegn ◽  
Amy H. Schnall ◽  
Shimere G. Ballou ◽  
David F. Zane ◽  
Sherry L. Burrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Sampling Methodology ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Public Health Emergency Response

AbstractIntroductionCommunity Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) is an epidemiologic technique designed to provide quick, inexpensive, accurate, and reliable household-based public health information about a community’s emergency response needs. The Health Studies Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides in-field assistance and technical support to state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) health departments in conducting CASPERs during a disaster response and in non-emergency settings. Data from CASPERs conducted from 2003 through 2012 were reviewed to describe uses of CASPER, ascertain strengths of the CASPER methodology, and highlight significant findings.MethodsThrough an assessment of the CDC’s CASPER metadatabase, all CASPERs that involved CDC support performed in US states and territories from 2003 through 2012 were reviewed and compared descriptively for differences in geographic distribution, sampling methodology, mapping tool, assessment settings, and result and action taken by decision makers.ResultsFor the study period, 53 CASPERs were conducted in 13 states and one US territory. Among the 53 CASPERS, 38 (71.6%) used the traditional 2-stage cluster sampling methodology, 10 (18.8%) used a 3-stage cluster sampling, and two (3.7%) used a simple random sampling methodology. Among the CASPERs, 37 (69.9%) were conducted in response to specific natural or human-induced disasters, including 14 (37.8%) for hurricanes. The remaining 16 (30.1%) CASPERS were conducted in non-disaster settings to assess household preparedness levels or potential effects of a proposed plan or program. The most common recommendations resulting from a disaster-related CASPER were to educate the community on available resources (27; 72.9%) and provide services (18; 48.6%) such as debris removals and refills of medications. In preparedness CASPERs, the most common recommendations were to educate the community in disaster preparedness (5; 31.2%) and to revise or improve preparedness plans (5; 31.2%). Twenty-five (47.1%) CASPERs documented on the report or publications the public health action has taken based on the result or recommendations. Findings from 27 (50.9%) of the CASPERs conducted with CDC assistance were published in peer-reviewed journals or elsewhere.ConclusionThe number of CASPERs conducted with CDC assistance has increased and diversified over the past decade. The CASPERs’ results and recommendations supported the public health decisions that benefitted the community. Overall, the findings suggest that the CASPER is a useful tool for collecting household-level disaster preparedness and response data and generating information to support public health action.BayleyegnTM, SchnallAH, BallouSG, ZaneDF, BurrerSL, NoeRS, WolkinAF. Use of Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPERs) to rapidly assess public health issues — United States, 2003-2012. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1-8.

Variations in Disaster Preparedness by Mental Health, Perceived General Health, and Disability Status

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Eisenman ◽  
Qiong Zhou ◽  
Michael Ong ◽  
Steven Asch ◽  
Deborah Glik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
General Health ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
Communication Plan ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Fair Poor

ABSTRACTObjectives: Chronic medical and mental illness and disability increase vulnerability to disasters. National efforts have focused on preparing people with disabilities, and studies find them to be increasingly prepared, but less is known about people with chronic mental and medical illnesses. We examined the relation between health status (mental health, perceived general health, and disability) and disaster preparedness (home disaster supplies and family communication plan).Methods: A random-digit-dial telephone survey of the Los Angeles County population was conducted October 2004 to January 2005 in 6 languages. Separate multivariate regressions modeled determinants of disaster preparedness, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates then sociodemographic variables and health status variables.Results: Only 40.7% of people who rated their health as fair/poor have disaster supplies compared with 53.1% of those who rate their health as excellent (P < 0.001). Only 34.8% of people who rated their health as fair/poor have an emergency plan compared with 44.8% of those who rate their health as excellent (P < 0.01). Only 29.5% of people who have a serious mental illness have disaster supplies compared with 49.2% of those who do not have a serious mental illness (P < 0.001). People with fair/poor health remained less likely to have disaster supplies (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–0.96) and less likely to have an emergency plan (AOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.92) compared with those who rate their health as excellent, after adjusting for the sociodemographic covariates. People with serious mental illness remained less likely to have disaster supplies after adjusting for the sociodemographic covariates (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.93). Disability status was not associated with lower rates of disaster supplies or emergency communication plans in bivariate or multivariate analyses. Finally, adjusting for the sociodemographic and other health variables, people with fair/poor health remained less likely to have an emergency plan (AOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.92) and people with serious mental illness remained less likely to have disaster supplies (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.95).Conclusions: People who report fair/poor general health and probable serious mental illness are less likely to report household disaster preparedness and an emergency communication plan. Our results could add to our understanding of why people with preexisting health problems suffer disproportionately from disasters. Public health may consider collaborating with community partners and health services providers to improve preparedness among people with chronic illness and people who are mentally ill. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:33–41)

Disaster Evaluation Research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund M. Ricci ◽  
Ernesto A. Pretto, Jr. ◽  
Knut Ole Sundnes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Scientific Evaluation ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Disaster Preparedness And Response

The ultimate hope and great challenge undertaken by the authors of this volume is to improve disaster preparedness and response efforts globally by providing a standardized way to conduct rigorous and comprehensive scientific evaluative studies of the medical and public health response to these horrific events. It is our strongly held belief that the framework for the conduct of evaluative studies, as developed by specialists in scientific evaluation, offers the most appropriate and comprehensive structure for such studies. Our ‘eight-step approach’ is based upon a conceptual framework that is now widely used by health organizations globally as a basis for the evaluation of community-based medical and public health programs. We contend that many more disaster-related injuries and deaths can be prevented if the concepts and methods of evaluation science are applied to disaster events. In Part 1 of this book we describe the basic concepts and scientific methods used by program evaluation scientists to assess the structure, process, and outcomes of medical and public health interventions. In addition, a detailed description of a comprehensive medical and public health response system is described. In Part 2 we present an eight-step model for conducting an evaluative study of the response, again with a focus on the medical and public health components. Ethical issues that come into play in the conduct of disaster evaluative disaster research, and how these should be addressed, are the focus of Chapter 13. The final chapter offers a look to the future as new technology for data collection becomes available. We are not so naïve as to believe that disaster preparedness and response will change as a direct result of the availability of scientifically conducted assessments. Change requires a double pronged commitment—leaders from both the ranks of government and of the health professions must carefully consider, fund, and adopt policy positions and programs that are based upon the findings and recommendations that emerge from scientific evaluation studies. That is the most certain pathway to a better future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document