scholarly journals 3068 Effects of exercise and a very low fat diet in metabolically abnormal obese adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
George Schweitzer ◽  
Monica Kearney ◽  
Gordon Smith ◽  
Samuel Klein
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: People with metabolically abnormal obesity (MAO), defined as those with insulin resistance and high intrahepatic triglyceride, are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Weight loss through reduced energy intake and increased physical activity has profound impacts on improving cardiometabolic function. However, the specific additional effects of exercise training with diet-induced weight loss on metabolic function are equivocal. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A comparative trial is ongoing in MAO adults undergoing 8-10% weight loss induced by a very-low fat plant-based (PB) diet with structured exercise training (n=8) compared to the same weight loss induced by the PB diet alone (n=3). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary results indicate that, PB diet with or without exercise training results in significant weight loss concomitant with enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced intrahepatic triglyceride, reduced 24-hour postprandial glucose response, reduced fat mass, and reduced diastolic blood pressure. Those undergoing PB diet with exercise training had greater improvements in muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness than those undergoing PB diet alone. Differences between intervention groups for other cardiometabolic measures are not yet known. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Each of the interventions resulted in improved cardiometabolic measures; however the extent of the differences between the interventions is not yet clear. It is hypothesized that compared with weight loss induced by a PB diet, the same weight loss induced by a PB diet and structured exercise training will i) cause greater improvement in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, ii) will attenuate the usual decline in muscle mass while increasing strength, and iii) result in greater increases in left ventricular diastolic function. The long-term objective of this proposal is to provide a foundation for future studies evaluating mechanisms for the effects of exercise in cardiometabolic disease prevention and therapy.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Jensen Kolnes ◽  
Maria Houborg Petersen ◽  
Teodor Lien-Iversen ◽  
Kurt Højlund ◽  
Jørgen Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat

In obesity, excessive abdominal fat, especially the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), increases the risk of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Excessive abdominal fat is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, leading to systemic low-grade inflammation, fat overflow, ectopic lipid deposition, and reduced insulin sensitivity. Physical activity is recommended for primary prevention and treatment of obesity, T2DM, and related disorders. Achieving a stable reduction in body weight with exercise training alone has not shown promising effects on a population level. Because fat has a high energy content, a large amount of exercise training is required to achieve weight loss. However, even when there is no weight loss, exercise training is an effective method of improving body composition (increased muscle mass and reduced fat) as well as increasing insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Compared with traditional low-to-moderate-intensity continuous endurance training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) are more time-efficient as exercise regimens and produce comparable results in reducing total fat mass, as well as improving cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity. During high-intensity exercise, carbohydrates are the main source of energy, whereas, with low-intensity exercise, fat becomes the predominant energy source. These observations imply that HIIT and SIT can reduce fat mass during bouts of exercise despite being associated with lower levels of fat oxidation. In this review, we explore the effects of different types of exercise training on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during physical activity, and discuss the potential effects of exercise training on adipose tissue function and body fat distribution.

Insulin sensitivity improvement with exercise training is mediated by body weight loss in subjects with metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mora-Rodriguez ◽  
J.F. Ortega ◽  
M. Ramirez-Jimenez ◽  
A. Moreno-Cabañas ◽  
F. Morales-Palomo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Sensitivity Improvement

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Show Circadian Rhythmicity Which Is Independent of Exercise Training Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid L. Basse ◽  
Emilie Dalbram ◽  
Louise Larsson ◽  
Zach Gerhart-Hines ◽  
Juleen R. Zierath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity

Adiponectin is not altered with exercise training despite enhanced insulin action

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. E861-E865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Hulver ◽  
Donghai Zheng ◽  
Charles J. Tanner ◽  
Joseph A. Houmard ◽  
William E. Kraus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Adiponectin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Before And After

Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that is hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of insulin action. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether plasma adiponectin is altered in conjunction with enhanced insulin action with exercise training. An insulin sensitivity index (SI) and fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were assessed before and after 6 mo of exercise training (4 days/wk for ∼45 min at 65–80% peak O2 consumption) with no loss of body mass (PRE, 91.9 ± 3.8 kg vs. POST, 91.6 ± 3.9 kg) or fat mass (PRE, 26.5 ± 1.8 kg vs. POST, 26.7 ± 2.2 kg). Insulin action significantly ( P < 0.05) improved with exercise training (SI +98%); however, plasma adiponectin concentration did not change (PRE, 6.3 ± 1.5 μg/ml vs. POST, 6.6 ± 1.8 μg/ml). In contrast, in a separate group of subjects examined before and after weight loss, there was a substantial increase in adiponectin (+281%), which was accompanied by enhanced insulin action (SI, +432%). These data suggest that adiponectin is not a contributory factor to the exercise-related improvements in insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiac Function in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekatsu Fukuta
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction

Nearly half of patients with heart failure in the community have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Patients with HFpEF are often elderly and their primary chronic symptom is severe exercise intolerance. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is associated with the pathophysiology of HFpEF and is an important contributor to exercise intolerance in HFpEF patients. The effects of exercise training on left ventricular diastolic function in HFpEF patients have been examined in several randomised clinical trials. Meta-analysis of the trials indicates that exercise training can provide clinically relevant improvements in exercise capacity without significant change in left ventricular structure or function in HFpEF patients. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanisms of exercise intolerance in HFpEF patients and to develop recommendations regarding the most effective type, intensity, frequency, and duration of training in this group.

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