scholarly journals 2322

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Amy Elizabeth Langdon ◽  
Christopher Bulow ◽  
Kim Reske ◽  
Sherry Sun ◽  
Tiffany Hink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Healthy Donors

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious antibiotic associated diarrhea. It is often refractory to antimicrobial therapy and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is emerging as a therapeutic option. The objective is to characterize the direct effects of FMT on the gut microbiota. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Fecal specimens were obtained from a cohort of 29 subjects with recurrent C. difficile infection who received FMTs from 1 of 4 healthy donors as part of a phase 2 trial (Rebiotix). Fecal specimens were collected from the subject before FMT and up to 6 months post FMT. 16S rRNA sequencing and whole-genome shotgun sequencing were used to assess microbial community composition as compared by weighted Unifrac. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Before treatment, the microbial community of subjects with C. difficile infection was highly distinct from the composition of the healthy donors in terms of metabolic profile. Quantification of phylogenetic community distance from donor by weighted Unifrac distance showed a significant decrease within the 1st week (Wilcoxon rank sum, p<0.01). This metric was predictive of both treatment failures and antibiotic resistance gene count (LR=22.45, p<0.0001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We conclude that distance from donor is a useful metric to quantify FMT success and that FMTs are a promising treatment for otherwise untreatable carriage of antibiotic resistance genes and organisms.

scholarly journals The effects of offshore petroleum exploitation on microbial community and antibiotic resistome of adjacent marine sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 2501-2510
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jiti Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Transporter ◽  
Class I Integrons ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

Abstract The exploitation of petroleum in offshore areas is becoming more prosperous due to the increasing human demand for oil. However, the effects of offshore petroleum exploitation on the microbial community in the surrounding environment are still not adequately understood. In the present study, variations in the composition, function, and antibiotic resistance of the microbial community in marine sediments adjacent to an offshore petroleum exploitation platform were analyzed by a metagenomics-based method. Significant shifts in the microbial community composition were observed in sediments impacted by offshore petroleum exploitation. Nitrosopumilales was enriched in marine sediments with the activities of offshore petroleum exploitation compared to the control sediments. The abundances of function genes involved in carbon, butanoate, methane, and fatty acid metabolism in sediment microbial communities also increased due to the offshore petroleum exploitation. Offshore petroleum exploitation resulted in the propagation of some antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including a multidrug transporter, smeE, and arnA, in marine sediments via horizontal gene transfer mediated by class I integrons. However, the total abundance and diversity of ARGs in marine sediments were not significantly affected by offshore petroleum exploitation. This study is the first attempt to analyze the impact of offshore petroleum exploitation on the spread of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Composition and Antibiotic Resistance Genes within a North Carolina Urban Water System

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lambirth ◽  
Matthew Tsilimigras ◽  
Anju Lulla ◽  
James Johnson ◽  
Abrar Al-Shaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be potential incubators of antibiotic resistance. Persistence of commonly used antibiotics in wastewater may increase the potential for selection of resistance genes transferred between bacterial populations, some of which might pose a threat to human health. In this study, we measured the concentrations of ten antibiotics in wastewater plant influents and effluents, and in surface waters up- and downstream from two Charlotte area treatment facilities. We performed Illumina shotgun sequencing to assay the microbial community and resistome compositions at each site across four time points from late winter to mid-summer of 2016. Antibiotics are present throughout wastewater treatment, and elevated concentrations of multiple antibiotics are maintained in moving stream water downstream of effluent release. While some human gut and activated sludge associated taxa are detectable downstream, these seem to attenuate with distance while the core microbial community of the stream remains fairly consistent. We observe the slight suppression of functional pathways in the downstream microbial communities, including amino acid, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid metabolism, as well as nucleotide and amino acid scavenging. Nearly all antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and potentially pathogenic taxa are removed in the treatment process, though a few ARG markers are elevated downstream of effluent release. Taken together, these results represent baseline measurements that future studies can utilize to help to determine which factors control the movement of antibiotics and resistance genes through aquatic urban ecosystems before, during, and after wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Formula alters preterm infant gut microbiota and increases its antibiotic resistance load

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Pärnänen ◽  
Jenni Hultman ◽  
Reetta Satokari ◽  
Samuli Rautava ◽  
Regina Lamendella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Feeding Choices

SummaryInfants are at a high risk of acquiring infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) load is typically higher in newborns than in adults, but it is unknown which factors besides antibiotic treatment affect the load. Our study demonstrates that inclusion of any formula in the newborn diet causes shifts in microbial community composition that result in higher ARG loads in formula-fed infants compared to infants not fed formula. The effect of formula was especially strong in premature newborns and newborns treated with antibiotics. Interestingly, antibiotics alone without formula did not have a detectable impact on the ARG load of the newborn gut. We also observed that formula-fed infants had enriched numbers of pathogenic species and were depleted in typical infant gut species such as Bifidobacterium bifidum. The results suggest infant feeding choices should include assessment of risks associated with elevated ARG abundance.

scholarly journals Effects of Sulfamethoxazole on Growth and Antibiotic Resistance of A Natural Microbial Community

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Jasmin Rauseo ◽  
Anna Barra Caracciolo ◽  
Francesca Spataro ◽  
Andrea Visca ◽  
Nicoletta Ademollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Emerging Compounds ◽  
Mixed Microbial Community ◽  
Natural Microbial Community ◽  
Community Growth ◽  
Animal Exposure

Diffuse environmental antibiotic and antibiotic resistance gene contamination is increasing human and animal exposure to these emerging compounds with a consequent risk of reduction in antibiotic effectiveness. The present work investigated the effect of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on growth and antibiotic resistance genes of a microbial community collected from an anaerobic digestion plant fed with cattle manure. Digestate samples were used as inoculum for concentration-dependent experiments using SMX at various concentrations. The antibiotic concentrations affecting the mixed microbial community in terms of growth and spread of resistant genes (sul1, sul2) were investigated through OD (Optical Density) measures and qPCR assays. Moreover, SMX biodegradation was assessed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The overall results showed that SMX concentrations in the range of those found in the environment did not affect the microbial community growth and did not select for antibiotic-resistant gene (ARG) maintenance or spread. Furthermore, the microorganisms tested were able to degrade SMX in only 24 h. This study confirms the complexity of antibiotic resistance spread in real matrices where different microorganisms coexist and suggests that antibiotic biodegradation needs to be included for fully understanding the resistance phenomena among bacteria.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Composition and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Within a North Carolina Urban Water System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lambirth ◽  
Matthew Tsilimigras ◽  
Anju Lulla ◽  
James Johnson ◽  
Abrar Al-Shaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be potential incubators of antibiotic resistance. Persistence of commonly used antibiotics in wastewater may increase the potential for selection of resistance genes transferred between bacterial populations, some of which may pose a threat to human health. In this study, we measured the concentrations of ten antibiotics in wastewater plant influents and effluents, and in surface waters up- and downstream from two Charlotte area treatment facilities. We performed Illumina shotgun sequencing to assay the microbial community and resistome compositions at each site across four time points from late winter to mid-summer of 2016. Antibiotics are present throughout wastewater treatment, and elevated concentrations of multiple antibiotics are maintained in moving stream water downstream of effluent release. While some human gut and activated sludge associated taxa are detectable downstream, these seem to attenuate with distance while the core microbial community of the stream remains fairly consistent. We observe slight suppression of functional pathways in the downstream microbial communities, including amino acid, carbohydrate and nucleic acid metabolism as well as nucleotide and amino acid scavenging. Nearly all antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and potentially pathogenic taxa are removed in the treatment process, though a few ARG markers are elevated downstream of effluent release.&nbsp; Taken together, these results represent baseline measurements which future studies can utilize to help to determine which factors control the movement of antibiotics and resistance genes through aquatic urban ecosystems before, during and after wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Multi-Session FMT Treatment in Active Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Pilot Study

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Mańkowska-Wierzbicka ◽  
Marta Stelmach-Mardas ◽  
Marcin Gabryel ◽  
Hanna Tomczak ◽  
Marzena Skrzypczak-Zielińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Active Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Healthy Donors

The modification of the microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming a very promising therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Our pilot study aimed to assess the effectiveness of multi-session FMT treatment in active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Ten patients with UC were treated with multi-session FMT (200 mL) from healthy donors, via colonoscopy/gastroscopy. Patients were evaluated as follows: at baseline, at week 7, and after 6 months, routine blood tests (including C reactive protein (CRP) and calprotectin) were performed. 16S rRNA gene (V3V4) sequencing was used for metagenomic analysis. The severity of UC was classified based on the Truelove–Witts index. The assessment of microbial diversity showed significant differences between recipients and healthy donors. FMT contributed to long-term, significant clinical and biochemical improvement. Metagenomic analysis revealed an increase in the amount of Lactobacillaceaea, Micrococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and TM7 phylumsp.oral clone EW055 during FMT, whereas Staphylococcaceae and Bacillaceae declined significantly. A positive increase in the proportion of the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Rothia, Streptococcus, and Veillonella and a decrease in Bacillus, Bacteroides, and Staphylococcus were observed based on the correlation between calprotectin and Bacillus and Staphylococcus; ferritin and Lactobacillus, Veillonella, and Bifidobacterium abundance was indicated. A positive change in the abundance of Firmicutes was observed during FMT and after 6 months. The application of multi-session FMT led to the restoration of recipients’ microbiota and resulted in the remission of patients with active UC.

scholarly journals Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Microbial Communities, Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Diversity and Potential Pathogen Transmission Risk of Two Different Landfills in China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Shan Wan ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Yanjun Pang ◽  
Fugen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene

In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze microbial communities, antibiotic resistance gene diversity, and human pathogenic bacterium composition in two typical landfills in China. Results showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were predominant in the two landfills, and archaea and fungi were also detected. The genera Methanoculleus, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas were predominantly present in all samples. sul2, sul1, tetX, and adeF were the four most abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Sixty-nine bacterial pathogens were identified from the two landfills, with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus as the major pathogenic microorganisms, indicating the existence of potential environmental risk in landfills. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis indicated the presence of antibiotic resistance genes typically associated with human antibiotic resistance bacterial strains. These results provide insights into the risk of pathogens in landfills, which is important for controlling the potential secondary transmission of pathogens and reducing workers’ health risk during landfill excavation.

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