The Circular Model of Victimization and Teamwork Within the Italian Anti-Violence Centers: A General Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Marco Monzani
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
International Society ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Circular Model ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
First Moment

AbstractA correct understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms that make it possible for a woman to become a victim of intra-family violence allows the necessary measures to be taken so that she can escape from the situation of victimization. Emilio C. Viano, President of the International Society of Criminology, defines the victim of an abuse as “any subject injured or that has suffered wrongdoing on the part of others, who perceives herself to be a victim, who shares the experience with others looking for help, assistance and compensation, who is recognized as a victim and who presumably is being helped by public, private or collective agencies/structures”. Before the birth of Anti-Violence Centers it was believed that the awareness of being a victim was the necessary condition for a woman to ask for help. Experience has shown that, in reality, it is the request for help that allows her to begin a process of awareness together with the operators in the Anti-Violence Centers. This reflection has led to the creation of a theoretical model called “The Circular Model of Victimization”. The aim of the research, and which is presented here, was to verify whether the Italian Anti-Violence Centers recognize the Circular Model in the daily operational reality, and thus to ascertain whether this model can be considered a real empirical model, as well as a theoretical explanatory model. In conclusion, the revisited Circular Model of Victimization will be presented, in which it is assumed that the way out of the circuit of violence passes from a first moment of perception of victimization to arrive at a real awareness of the same.

Appointee vacancies in US executive branch agencies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
William G. Resh ◽  
Gary E. Hollibaugh ◽  
Patrick S. Roberts ◽  
Matthew M. Dull
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
High Status ◽  
Constitutional Design ◽  
Committee Chair ◽  
Institutional Politics

Abstract We analyse United States presidential appointee positions subject to Senate confirmation without a confirmed appointee in office. These “vacant” positions are byproducts of American constitutional design, shaped by the interplay of institutional politics. Using a novel dataset, we analyse appointee vacancies across executive branch departments and single-headed agencies from 1989 to 2013. We develop a theoretical model that uncovers the dynamics of vacancy onset and length. We then specify an empirical model and report results highlighting both position and principal–agent relations as critical to the politics of appointee vacancies. Conditional on high status positions reducing the frequency and duration of vacancies, we find important principal–agent considerations from a separation of powers perspective. Appointee positions in agencies ideologically divergent from the relevant Senate committee chair are vacant for less time than in ideologically proximal agencies. Importantly, this relationship strengthens as agency ideology diverges away from the chair and towards the chair’s party extreme.

scholarly journals Systemic Risk Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Espinoza ◽  
Miguel Segoviano ◽  
Ji Yan
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Equity Returns ◽  
Counterparty Risk ◽  
Risk Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fire Sales ◽  
Multivariate Density

We propose a framework to link empirical models of systemic risk to theoretical network/ general equilibrium models used to understand the channels of transmission of systemic risk. The theoretical model allows for systemic risk due to interbank counterparty risk, common asset exposures/fire sales, and a “Minsky" cycle of optimism. The empirical model uses stock market and CDS spreads data to estimate a multivariate density of equity returns and to compute the expected equity return for each bank, conditional on a bad macro-outcome. Theses “cross-sectional" moments are used to re-calibrate the theoretical model and estimate the importance of the Minsky cycle of optimism in driving systemic risk.

scholarly journals Driven oscillations of a curved object under a laminar jet of water

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Francis Pagaud ◽  
Léa Delance
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Laminar Jet ◽  
Dynamic Hysteresis ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Spontaneous Oscillations

By putting a ball on a flat surface under a jet of water, one may observe spontaneous oscillations of the ball of well-defined amplitude and frequency. As a simpler conformation, the study of a cylinder shows that the mere effect of the jet is sufficient to observe an oscillation for a certain range of parameters such as the curvature of the object and the characteristics of the jet. An empirical model of the forces strengthened by direct measurements of the forces and torque allowed us to predict a theoretical period of 0.64 s when the experimental one was 0.80 s. Further, the origin of the oscillation was determined to be a dynamic hysteresis of the torque as it is deflected on one side of the can even when the jet hits its center. This phenomenon results in a gain of energy that counterbalances the losses by friction and leads to oscillations. Domain of oscillation is also shortly addressed while improvements of the theoretical model and other experiments are suggested as well.

Considering Build-Later as an Alternative in Major Transit Investment Analyses

1998 ◽  
Vol 1623 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehao Chu ◽  
Steven Polzin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Over Time

How the stream of benefits, discount rate, and other parameters of a major transit project affect its optimal timing are examined. A theoretical model of the timing of public infrastructure projects is used. The model takes into account the net benefits of a project, the variation of benefits with project age and timing of investment, construction cost and its growth, and discount rate. The model is used to examine three questions: Under what conditions is build-later optimal? How do changes in the discount rate and other parameters of an investment affect its optimal timing? How significantly do differences in the stream of net benefits from an investment affect its optimal timing? The first two questions are examined analytically, and the last question is examined numerically. When the stream of net benefits stays constant, declines, or shifts parallel with the timing of investment, build-later is not optimal. When the stream of net benefits grows over time, however, build-later can be optimal. A necessary condition for build-later to be optimal is that initial net benefits be relatively small. When build-later is optimal, how much later to build varies significantly.

A New Method for Wax Precipitation Prediction of Waxy Oil Wells and Software Designing

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 1437-1442
Author(s):  
Ren Yuan Sun ◽  
Cheng Xiang Wang ◽  
Ying Long Xuan ◽  
Qi Yong Xiong ◽  
Ai Xian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Wax Precipitation ◽  
Waxy Oil ◽  
Precipitation Prediction ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Productive Time

Wax precipitation of oil production wells seriously influence the oil production. In order to improve the level of wax removal, it is necessary to predict the depth, thickness and period of wax precipitation in the wellbore with oil production. On the basis of the mechanism analysis for wax precipitation in the wellbore, the theoretical model and empirical model were built up and programmed wax precipitation of oil production wells software and the results by the two models were compared. The sensitive factors which influence wax precipitation in the wellbore were analyzed. The results show that the two models can be used to predict the wax thickness, depth and precipitation cycle. The empirical model for wax precipitation profile prediction is more accurate than the theoretical model. The wax precipitation varies with the productive time and water cut.

scholarly journals The theoretical model of developing education

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-164
Author(s):  
V.V. Repkin ◽  
N.V. Repkina
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Student Preparation ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Students First ◽  
And Mathematics

The article outlines representations of nodal components of theoretical model of developing education (further – DE) which were put in the basics of its variant developed by Kharkov research group and implemented in the form of programs and DE textbooks of language 1-9 grades and mathematics in primary school. Source component of this modal is the representation of DE specific function which is to transmit historical experience of constructive creative rather than reproductive and performing, object-transformative activity and student preparation to participate in it. The implementation of this function is possible only providing that goals and methods of creative activity are not transmitted but are re-created and designed in the process of studying by students themselves with the help of a teacher. Within the framework of such constructive-recreating learning activity a student is in a position of its subject that has to set the goals and find the means of achieving them. Due to this a student acquires and develops an ability to reasonable self-organization of his actions which is a necessary condition of involving an individual into creative activity. The main goal of DE is to develop students first as subjects of simplest object-transformative actions, regulated by cultural norms, and then as subjects of self-transformation. Specificity of tasks conduces the characteristics of education content. The main contents in the first stage are general methods of action allowing a student to solve independently the whole class of homogeneous practical problems; in the second stage – various holistic functional natural and social systems and theoretical notions explaining their essence, developing the understanding the meaning of different aspects of activity, which is the background of creativity. Activity in the learning process according to its content and structure unfolds as independent production and solution of increasingly complex learning tasks which have personal meaning for the students. Teacher’s attitude to the student not as an object of learning but as a subject of learning in the form of educational dialogue helps to deploy those forms of learning activity which provide achieving the DE goals. These components of DE participants determine it as holistic educational system subordinated to the goal of student developing as a subject of unproductive transformative activity and then as a creative personality.

scholarly journals МАТЕРИАЛЬНАЯ И ДУХОВНАЯ ДЕПРИВАЦИЯ КАК ФАКТОРЫ РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ КОНВЕРСИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЗАПАДНОГО БУДДИЗМА)

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-260
Author(s):  
В.Б. Исаева
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Tibetan Buddhism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Empirical Material

Статья посвящена исследованию роли факторов материальной и духовной депривации в процессе религиозной конверсии на примере обращения в западный буддизм. Постановка вопроса о значимости депривационных процессов для формирования религиозности осуществляется в рамках дискуссий о взаимосвязи депривации и религиозности, текущих дебатов о методологии исследования религиозной конверсии, а также проблематики изучения причин принятия буддизма в новых для него социокультурных ареалах. Объектом исследования выступают биографии последователей буддизма Алмазного пути, одного из наиболее распространенных в России направлений западного буддизма – варианта тибетского буддизма, ориентированного на потребности западноевропейской аудитории. В качестве методологического инструментария используется подход нарративного анализа Ф. Шютце, адаптированный к задачам исследования. В статье представлены результаты анализа материалов биографических интервью с российскими последователями буддийских общин, проведенных в рамках полевого исследования в 2018–2019 году в Санкт-Петербурге, Архангельске, Северодвинске и Москве. Анализ интервью показал, что непременным условием конверсии, кроме переживания структурных и культурных лишений, является изначальная предрасположенность, интерес к буддизму. Различение в теоретической модели материальной и духовной депривации и обуславливаемых ими двух типов интеграции в буддийскую общину, инструментального и неинструментального, позволило на эмпирическом материале реконструировать феноменологию этих типов во взаимосвязи с переживаемыми лишениями. Обнаружено, что «инструментальность» (ориентация на материальные ресурсы общины) проявляется не только на этапе активного вхождения в общину, но и сохраняется в дальнейшем как «профессионализация» в буддизме. «Неинструментальность» связана со стремлением переопределить мировоззренческие основы, чтобы совладать с жизненными трудностями, решив экзистенциальные вопросы, и, в конечном счете, восстановить субъективное благополучие. The article examines the influence of material and spiritual deprivation on religious conversion on the example of Western Buddhism. The significance of deprivation processes for religiosity is discussed in the light of the association between deprivation and religiosity, current debates about the methodology of religious conversion research, and the studies of Buddhism in new sociocultural areas. The research studies the biographies of the followers of Diamond Way Buddhism, one of the most widespread varieties of Western Buddhism in Russia – a variant of Tibetan Buddhism, oriented to the needs of the Western European audience. F. Schütze's narrative analysis was adapted to the objectives of the study and used as the primary methodological tool. The article presents the analysis of biographical interviews with the members of Buddhist communities conducted in 2018-2019 in St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, and Moscow. Examination of the biographical materials showed that initial interest in Buddhism is a necessary condition for conversion, in addition to experiencing structural and cultural deprivations. The theoretical model we employed distinguished between material and spiritual deprivation and the two corresponding types of integration into the Buddhist community: instrumental and non-instrumental. This allowed us to reconstruct the phenomenology of these types in connection with the experienced deprivation basing on empirical material. It was found that "instrumentalism" (orientation towards the material resources of the community) manifests itself not only at the stage of entering the community but also persists in the future as "professionalization" in Buddhism. "Non-instrumentality" seeks to redefine the foundations of one’s worldview in order to cope with hardships by finding answers to existential questions and, eventually, to restore subjective well-being.

Multiparty Competition in Israel, 1988–96

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN SCHOFIELD ◽  
ITAI SENED
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Mean

Formal models of voting usually assume that political agents, whether parties or candidates, attempt to maximize expected vote shares. ‘Stochastic’ models typically derive the ‘mean voter theorem’ that each agent will adopt a ‘convergent’ policy strategy at the mean of the electoral distribution. In this article, it is argued that this conclusion is contradicted by empirical evidence. Estimates of vote intentions require ‘valence’ terms. The valence of each party derives from the average weight, given by members of the electorate, in judging the overall competence or ‘quality’ of the particular party leader. In empirical models, a party's valence is independent of current policy declarations and can be shown to be statistically significant in the estimation. It is shown here that the addition of valence gives a very strong Bayes factor over an electoral model without valence. The formal model is analysed and shown to be classified by a ‘convergence’ coefficient, defined in terms of the parameters of the empirical model. This coefficient gives necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence. When the necessary condition fails, as it does in these empirical studies with valence, then the convergent equilibrium fails to exist. The empirical evidence is consistent with a formal stochastic model of voting in which there are multiple local Nash equilibria to the vote-maximizing electoral game. Simulation techniques based on the parameters of the empirical model have been used to obtain these local equilibria, which are determined by the principal component of the electoral distribution. Low valence parties, in equilibrium, will tend to adopt positions at the electoral periphery. High valence parties will contest the electoral centre, but will not, in fact, position themselves at the electoral mean. Survey data from Israel for the elections of 1988, 1992 and 1996 are used to compute the parameters of the empirical model and to illustrate the dependence of equilibria on the electoral principal components. The vote maximizing equilibria do not perfectly coincide with the actual party positions. This divergence may be accounted for by more refined models that either (i) include activism or (ii) consider strategic party considerations over post-election coalition bargaining.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document