Howling Winds: Sound, Sense, and the Politics of Noise Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mopas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThis paper explores attempts made in North America to govern noise and uses the current debates over the impact of wind turbines on human health as a site for examining the politics of noise regulation. I address a number of key questions: First, how has noise been defined and how have these definitions changed over time? Second, how have we tried to control noise and on what grounds have we done this? Lastly, how have our responses to noise been shaped by who is making the noise and who is being disturbed? I argue that our understandings of noise and how we regulate it cannot be disentangled from the broader social, political, cultural, and technological contexts in which these discussions take place. Ultimately, the debates about noise regulation have as much to do with who is making the noise and who is being disturbed as the noise, itself.

scholarly journals Is there an imbalance in the supply and demand for universal accessibility knowledge? Twenty years of UAIS papers viewed through the lens of WCAG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Eika Sandnes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Universal Accessibility ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Research Profile ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPurpose: Some universal accessibility practitioners have voiced that they experience a mismatch in the research focus and the need for knowledge within specialized problem domains. This study thus set out to identify the balance of research into the main areas of accessibility, the impact of this research, and how the research profile varies over time and across geographical regions. Method: All UAIS papers indexed in Scopus were analysed using bibliometric methods. The WCAG taxonomy of accessibility was used for the analysis, namely perceivable, operable, and understandable. Results: The results confirm the expectation that research into visual impairment has received more attention than papers addressing operable and understandable. Although papers focussing on understandable made up the smallest group, papers in this group attracted more citations. Funded research attracted fewer citations than research without funding. The breakdown of research efforts appears consistent over time and across different geographical regions. Researchers in Europe and North America have been active throughout the last two decades, while Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Middle East became active in during the last five years. There is also seemingly a growing trend of out-of-scope papers. Conclusions: Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed to the UAIS editorial board.

scholarly journals Metabolic Signatures of the Exposome—Quantifying the Impact of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals on Human Health

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Matej Orešič ◽  
Aidan McGlinchey ◽  
Craig E. Wheelock ◽  
Tuulia Hyötyläinen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Exposures ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
External Exposures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Human health and well-being are intricately linked to environmental quality. Environmental exposures can have lifelong consequences. In particular, exposures during the vulnerable fetal or early development period can affect structure, physiology and metabolism, causing potential adverse, often permanent, health effects at any point in life. External exposures, such as the “chemical exposome” (exposures to environmental chemicals), affect the host’s metabolism and immune system, which, in turn, mediate the risk of various diseases. Linking such exposures to adverse outcomes, via intermediate phenotypes such as the metabolome, is one of the central themes of exposome research. Much progress has been made in this line of research, including addressing some key challenges such as analytical coverage of the exposome and metabolome, as well as the integration of heterogeneous, multi-omics data. There is strong evidence that chemical exposures have a marked impact on the metabolome, associating with specific disease risks. Herein, we review recent progress in the field of exposome research as related to human health as well as selected metabolic and autoimmune diseases, with specific emphasis on the impacts of chemical exposures on the host metabolome.

Impact of Tenancy on Land Management

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem van Vuuren ◽  
Peter Ysselstein
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Land Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Leasing of agricultural land is gaining in importance in North America. The impact of leasing on soil management practices is examined in an area in the Canadan province of Ontario. Prevailing land contracts are insecure and the rental land market appears to be imperfect in the area. Under these conditions leasing leads to undesirable soil management practices and consequently to a lower state of conservation and to lower crop productivity over time. A difference in soil management and crop productivity has been observed between owner-operated and rented land.

Errors and mistakes in child protection: an introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kay Biesel ◽  
Judith Masson ◽  
Nigel Parton ◽  
Tarja Pösö
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces the whole book: it outlines the thinking behind and rationale for the book, the key questions addressed and how the book is organised. It argues that errors and mistakes in child protection are an important issue in different countries across Europe, Scandinavia and North America. They have attracted public interest, media debates and influenced changes in policy and practice. Such developments raise a number of important questions including: What are the impacts of errors and mistakes in child protection? What discourses inform the way errors and mistakes are understood and the way they are responded to? Are certain strategies seen as helpful in reducing errors and mistakes? The book analyses the developments in policy and practice in response to errors and mistakes in child protection in different countries. Chapters cover the historical and political background of discourses on errors and mistakes in different countries and show how errors and mistakes are constructed differently in different political and social contexts with both similar and different impacts. The book demonstrates that what are understood as errors and mistakes have varied both over time and across different jurisdictions. This chapter provides both the framework for the organization of the book and briefly introduces the contents of the different chapters.

scholarly journals A Review of Groundwater Pollution Potential Threats from Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Sites: Assessing the Impact on Human Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11525-11525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kumari ◽  
N.C. Gupta ◽  
A. Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Musculoskeletal Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

An attempt has been made in this paper to review various studies associated with groundwater contamination near landfill sites, basically caused by non-engineered landfills or open dumps in India and overseas, and its impact on human health. Landfill leachate contains different kinds of municipal toxic wastes as well as heavy metal, which finally percolates into the ground and joins the groundwater table. Consuming such water results in severe health hazards and may sometimes be fatal if consumed for long periods. Several studies have shown evidence on the high concentration of heavy metals in leachate as well as in nearby groundwater sources. Moreover, various studies have confirmed the fact that there is an increased threat of adverse health effects (low birth weight, birth defects, and certain types of cancers), congenital malformations in children, and higher risks for malformations of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems for skin, hair, and nails in local residents. Pregnant women and children are more vulnerable to these pollutants, and newborn children are more prone to the health risk. These findings may signify the real health risks associated with residents residing near landfill sites.

scholarly journals Public attitudes and environmental impacts of wind farms: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-604 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
The Impact

<p>The promotion of renewable sources for electricity production, independent of carbon fuels and nuclear power, is a priority in the energy policy of many countries all over the world. The European Union has launched an ambitious program to increase the contribution of energy production from wind turbines; the aim set for the year 2020 is that wind power should account for 31% of EU&rsquo;s current target regarding 20% reductions of carbon dioxide. This policy is favored by the fact that wind energy production cost is nowadays competitive in many cases to the cost of electricity produced from conventional non-renewable sources. However, there is a conflict concerning public attitudes: although the public in general is in favor of renewable energy sources including wind, there is usually very strong opposition by local people living in neighboring areas of wind farm developments that is attitudes toward wind power are to a large extent different from attitudes toward wind farms. It is also interesting that negative public opinion is rather high during the planning stage and significantly lower during the implementation stage. In addition, there are impacts on landscape aesthetic, human health as well as ecological impact on the flora and fauna, although compared to environmental impact from conventional energy sources, the environmental impact caused by wind turbines is relatively minor. Recent developments of offshore wind farms seemed to avoid people&rsquo;s negative attitudes and soften public resistance and hostility against wind power energy but these expectations were rather optimistic. Opposition due to seascape aesthetic spoiling is as strong even for the marine environment. The impact on marine life and particularly on sea mammals due to noise and vibrations need to be further investigated. Existing activities such as navigation, fishing and recreational activities should not be hindered during site selection and planning. In the present work public attitudes and impacts on human health as well as impacts on landscape and ecosystem level, both terrestrial and marine, are reviewed and discussed.</p>

scholarly journals European lobster stocking requires comprehensive impact assessment to determine fishery benefits

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i35-i48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie D. Ellis ◽  
David J. Hodgson ◽  
Carly L. Daniels ◽  
Dominic P. Boothroyd ◽  
R. Colin A. Bannister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
European Lobster ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Questions

Abstract Historically, hatcheries in Europe and North America attempted to contribute to the conservation and enhancement of clawed lobster stocks, but lacked monitoring programmes capable of assessing success. In the 1990s, this perspective was changed by the results of restocking and stock enhancement experiments that inserted microwire tags into hatchery-reared juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) before release. This allowed recapture in sufficient numbers to prove that lobsters had survived and recruited to the mature fishable stock. However, evidence of recruitment still failed to answer key questions about the ultimate ecological and economic benefits. As a result, a growing number of lobster stocking ventures remain hindered by a lack of clear evidence of the effects of their stocking schemes. This review evaluates these experiments and related studies on other fished species, summarizes key findings, and identifies data and knowledge gaps. Although studies of fitness in cultured lobsters provide some of the most encouraging results from the wider field of hatchery-based stocking, the limitations of physical tagging technology have significantly hindered appraisals of stocking impacts. We lack basic knowledge of lobster ecology and population dynamics, especially among prerecruits, and of the impact of stocking on wild lobster population genetics. We advocate the use of genetic methods to further our understanding of population structure, rearing processes, and stocking success. We also recommend that more focused and comprehensive impact assessments are required to provide a robust endorsement or rejection of stocking as a viable tool for the sustainable management of lobster fisheries.

Meat

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-205
Author(s):  
Samiparna Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Cruelty To Animals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

While there had always remained a close relationship between animals and human disease, until the mid-20th century however, medical knowledge on the boundary between animal and human health remained blurred. Against this backdrop, this chapter investigates the relationship between cattle plague and slaughterhouse inspection. Diseased animals increasingly flooded markets because Bengali farmers often rejected the “English method” of slaughter and culling as it was economically damaging. It was often cheaper for farmers to sell diseased animals than seek veterinary attention. This chapter thus focuses on how rinderpest subsequently revived the interest in Bengali diet – the debate over safety of meat from diseased animals became fiercer over time and quickly kindled bhadralok paranoia on animal disease, public health, and sanitation, as they now abruptly turned to vegetarianism. Additionally, it examines the interplay between veterinarians and the Calcutta Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (CSPCA) to study the impact it had on the spatial reconfiguration of Calcutta with slaughterhouses being increasingly ousted from the heart of the “sanitary city.”

Narratives of a place named Ellora: Myths, culture and politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-111
Author(s):  
Mahesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Important Site ◽  
Over Time

Ellora is the place where caves associated with different sects and religions were carved over a span of at least 800 years. While the caves, narrowly understood, have been the subject of many studies, the ‘place’, as a site of political and social interaction, has been largely neglected. Ellora was larger than just the caves; it was a place with a long history where traders, monks, artisans and armies brought in different ideas, reconsidered the old and innovated upon cultural traditions that reflected on their own identities and their relationship with Ellora. These people and their actions stamped the place with meaning and identity, which accrued over time—sometimes exclusive, at other times hybrid, but inevitably transformative. Ellora was an important site that conjured multivalent sensibilities, more complex than many other places. This article uses toponym as an analytic focus to bring into play different subjects—the historical agents, religious organisations, monuments and textual materials—that provided structure and meaning to the Ellora Caves at different historical junctures. It argues how the place and people in power have different kinds of relationships with the past, especially when it is not their past but one that they need to master. The impact of material change and transition in the production of historical materials is particularly striking when studied in the long duration with focus on a relatively small but politically significant site.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

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