scholarly journals Time Trends of the Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Parkinsonism

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Wong ◽  
Jeffrey C. Kwong ◽  
Karen Tu ◽  
Debra A. Butt ◽  
Ray Copes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

ABSTRACT:Objectives:We assessed trends in the incidence, prevalence, and post-diagnosis mortality of parkinsonism in Ontario, Canada over 18 years. We also explored the influence of a range of risk factors for brain health on the trend of incident parkinsonism.Methods:We established an open cohort by linking population-based health administrative databases from 1996 to 2014 in Ontario. The study population comprised residents aged 20–100 years with an incident diagnosis of parkinsonism ascertained using a validated algorithm. We calculated age- and sex-standardized incidence, prevalence, and mortality of parkinsonism, stratified by young onset (20–39 years) and mid/late onset (≥40 years). We assessed trends in incidence using Poisson regression, mortality using negative binomial regression, and prevalence of parkinsonism and pre-existing conditions (e.g., head injury) using the Cochran–Armitage trend test. To better understand trends in the incidence of mid/late-onset parkinsonism, we adjusted for various pre-existing conditions in the Poisson regression model.Results:From 1996 to 2014, we identified 73,129 incident cases of parkinsonism (source population of ∼10.5 million), of whom 56% were male, mean age at diagnosis was 72.6 years, and 99% had mid/late-onset parkinsonism. Over 18 years, the age- and sex-standardized incidence decreased by 13.0% for mid/late-onset parkinsonism but remained unchanged for young-onset parkinsonism. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence increased by 22.8%, while post-diagnosis mortality decreased by 5.5%. Adjustment for pre-existing conditions did not appreciably explain the declining incidence of mid/late-onset parkinsonism.Conclusion:Young-onset and mid/late-onset parkinsonism exhibited differing trends in incidence over 18 years in Ontario. Further research to identify other factors that may appreciably explain trends in incident parkinsonism is warranted.

scholarly journals Divergent associations between incident hypertension and deprivation based on different sources of case identification

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aubé-Maurice ◽  
L. Rochette ◽  
C. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Physician Billing ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Incident Cases

Introduction Studies suggest that hypertension is more prevalent in the most deprived. Our objective was to examine the association between incident hypertension and deprivation in Quebec based on different modes of case identification, using two administrative databases. Methods We identified new incident cases of hypertension in 2006/2007 in the population aged 20 years plus. Socio-economic status was determined using a material and social deprivation index. Negative binomial regression analyses were carried out to examine the association between incident hypertension and deprivation, adjusting for several covariates. Results We found a positive and statistically significant association between material deprivation and incident hypertension in women, irrespective of the identifying database. Using the hospitalization database, the incidence of hypertension increased for both sexes as deprivation increased, except for social deprivation in women. However, whether using the physician billing database or the validated definition of hypertension obtained by combining data from the two databases, the incidence of hypertension decreased overall as deprivation increased. Conclusion Associations between hypertension and deprivation differ based on the database used: they are generally positively associated with the hospitalization database and inversely with the standard definition and the physician billing database, which suggests a consultation bias in favour of the most socio-economically advantaged.

Systematic review and collaborative recalculation of 133 693 incident cases of schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van der Werf ◽  
M. Hanssen ◽  
S. Köhler ◽  
M. Verkaaik ◽  
F. R. Verhey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Median Rate ◽  
Age And Sex

BackgroundThis systematic review and collaborative recalculation was set up to recalculate schizophrenia incidence rates from previously published studies by age and sex.MethodPubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched (January 1950 to December 2009) for schizophrenia incidence studies. Numerator and population data were extracted by age, sex and, if possible, study period. Original data were requested from the authors to calculate age- and sex-specific incidence rates. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by age and sex from negative binomial regression models.ResultsForty-three independent samples met inclusion criteria, yielding 133 693 incident cases of schizophrenia for analysis. Men had a 1.15-fold (95% CI 1.00–1.31) greater risk of schizophrenia than women. In men, incidence peaked at age 20–29 years (median rate 4.15/10 000 person-years, IRR 2.61, 95% CI 1.74–3.92). In women, incidence peaked at age 20–29 (median rate 1.71/10 000 person-years, IRR 2.34, 95% CI 1.66–3.28) and 30–39 years (median rate 1.24/10 000 person-years, IRR 2.25, 95% CI 1.55–3.28). This peak was followed by an age–incidence decline up to age 60 years that was stronger in men than in women (χ2 = 57.90, p < 0.001). The relative risk of schizophrenia was greater in men up to age 39 years and this reversed to a greater relative risk in women over the age groups 50–70 years. No evidence for a second incidence peak in middle-aged women was found.ConclusionsRobust sex differences exist in the distribution of schizophrenia risk across the age span, suggesting differential susceptibility to schizophrenia for men and women at different stages of life.

Secular Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Medications for Epilepsy from 2007 to 2015 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-494
Author(s):  
I.-Jun Chou ◽  
Ting-Ting Chung ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Liu ◽  
Po-Cheng Hung ◽  
Jainn-Jim Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Research Database ◽  
First Line ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Patients with epilepsy have a higher mortality rate than the general population. Up-to-date estimates of epilepsy incidence, prevalence, and medication use are critical to assist policymaking. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using the National Taiwan Insurance Research Database, the standardized incidence and prevalence of epilepsy were estimated in each calendar year from 2007 to 2015. We used the incident cases of epilepsy to analyze the change in prescribing patterns from 2007 to 2015. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate secular trends. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From 2007 to 2015, the age- and sex-standardized incidence decreased from 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.73) to 0.54 (95% CI 0.53–0.55) per 1,000 person-years, giving an annual percentage change (APC) of −2.73 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). Among patients younger than 20 years, the incidence did not change significantly. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence decreased from 6.94 (95% CI 6.90–6.98) to 6.86 (95% CI, 6.82–6.89) per 1,000 people, giving an APC of −0.31 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). However, the prevalence increased in the 35- to 49- and 50- to 64-year age-groups. The most common first-line anticonvulsant was phenytoin in 2007 and valproate in 2015. The use of levetiracetam, clobazam, and valproate increased during the study period, with APCs of 25.48% (95% CI 19.97–31.24), 6.41 (3.09–9.85), and 2.83 (1.51–4.16), respectively. The use of carbamazepine, phenytoin, and topiramate decreased; the APCs were −23.86% (95% CI −25.25 to −22.44), −6.61 (−8.40 to −4.79), and −4.29% (−7.87 to −0.57), respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The overall prevalence and incidence of epilepsy decreased slightly from 2007 to 2015. The prescribed first-line anticonvulsant also changed over time.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic exposure to air pollution in relation with incidence, prevalence, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a rapid systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. M. C. Katoto ◽  
Amanda S. Brand ◽  
Buket Bakan ◽  
Paul Musa Obadia ◽  
Carsi Kuhangana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background Air pollution is one of the world’s leading mortality risk factors contributing to seven million deaths annually. COVID-19 pandemic has claimed about one million deaths in less than a year. However, it is unclear whether exposure to acute and chronic air pollution influences the COVID-19 epidemiologic curve. Methods We searched for relevant studies listed in six electronic databases between December 2019 and September 2020. We applied no language or publication status limits. Studies presented as original articles, studies that assessed risk, incidence, prevalence, or lethality of COVID-19 in relation with exposure to either short-term or long-term exposure to ambient air pollution were included. All patients regardless of age, sex and location diagnosed as having COVID-19 of any severity were taken into consideration. We synthesised results using harvest plots based on effect direction. Results Included studies were cross-sectional (n = 10), retrospective cohorts (n = 9), ecological (n = 6 of which two were time-series) and hypothesis (n = 1). Of these studies, 52 and 48% assessed the effect of short-term and long-term pollutant exposure, respectively and one evaluated both. Pollutants mostly studied were PM2.5 (64%), NO2 (50%), PM10 (43%) and O3 (29%) for acute effects and PM2.5 (85%), NO2 (39%) and O3 (23%) then PM10 (15%) for chronic effects. Most assessed COVID-19 outcomes were incidence and mortality rate. Acutely, pollutants independently associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality were first PM2.5 then PM10, NO2 and O3 (only for incident cases). Chronically, similar relationships were found for PM2.5 and NO2. High overall risk of bias judgments (86 and 39% in short-term and long-term exposure studies, respectively) was predominantly due to a failure to adjust aggregated data for important confounders, and to a lesser extent because of a lack of comparative analysis. Conclusion The body of evidence indicates that both acute and chronic exposure to air pollution can affect COVID-19 epidemiology. The evidence is unclear for acute exposure due to a higher level of bias in existing studies as compared to moderate evidence with chronic exposure. Public health interventions that help minimize anthropogenic pollutant source and socio-economic injustice/disparities may reduce the planetary threat posed by both COVID-19 and air pollution pandemics.

82 The Significant Burden of Burn Injuries in the Middle East: An Epidemiological Study of Nineteen Countries over 27 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S56-S57
Author(s):  
Zachary J Collier ◽  
Yasmina Samaha ◽  
Priyanka Naidu ◽  
Katherine J Choi ◽  
Christopher H Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Despite ongoing improvements in burn care around the world, the burden of burn morbidity and mortality has remined a significant challenge in the Middle East due to ongoing conflicts, economic crises, social disparities, and dangerous living conditions. Here, we examine the epidemiology of burn injuries in the Middle East (ME) relative to socio-demographic index (SDI), age, and sex in order to better define regional hotspots that may benefit most from sustainability and capacity building initiatives. Methods Computational modeling from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD17) database was used to extrapolate burn data about the nineteen countries that define the ME. Using the GBD17, the yearly incidence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2017 were defined with respect to age and sex as rates of cases, deaths, and years per 100,000 persons, respectively. Mortality ratio represents the percentage of deaths relative to incident cases. Data from 2017 was spatially mapped using heat-mapping for the region. Results Over 27 years in the ME, an estimated 18,289,496 burns and 308,361 deaths occurred causing 24.5 million DALYs. Burn incidence decreased by 5% globally but only 1% in the ME. Although global incidence continued to decline, most ME countries exhibit steady increases since 2004. Compared to global averages, higher mortality rates (2.8% vs 2.0%) and DALYs (205 vs 152 years) were observed in the Middle East during this time although the respective disparities narrowed by 95% and 42% by 2017. Yemen had the worst death and DALY rates all 27 years with 2 and 2.2 times the ME average, respectively. Sudan had the highest morality ratio (3.7%) for most of the study, twice the ME average (1.8%), followed by Yemen at 3.6%. Sex-specific incidence, deaths, and DALYs in the ME were higher compared to the global cohorts. ME women had the worst rates in all categories. With respect to age, all rates were worse in the ME age groups except in those under 5 years. Conclusions For almost three decades, ME burn incidence, deaths, DALYs, and mortality rates were consistently worse than global average. Despite the already significant differences for burn frequency and severity, especially in women and children, underreporting from countries who lack sufficient registry capabilities likely means that the rates are even worse than predicted.

scholarly journals Age and Sex Specific Trends in Incidence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Danish Birth Cohorts from 1992 to 2002: A Nationwide Register Linkage Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8331
Author(s):  
Isabel Cardoso ◽  
Peder Frederiksen ◽  
Ina Olmer Specht ◽  
Mina Nicole Händel ◽  
Fanney Thorsteinsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Age And Sex

This study reports age- and sex-specific incidence rates of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in complete Danish birth cohorts from 1992 through 2002. Data were obtained from the Danish registries. All persons born in Denmark, from 1992–2002, were followed from birth and until either the date of first diagnosis recording, death, emigration, 16th birthday or administrative censoring (17 May 2017), whichever came first. The number of incident JIA cases and its incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) were calculated within sex and age group for each of the birth cohorts. A multiplicative Poisson regression model was used to analyze the variation in the incidence rates by age and year of birth for boys and girls separately. The overall incidence of JIA was 24.1 (23.6–24.5) per 100,000 person-years. The rate per 100,000 person-years was higher among girls (29.9 (29.2–30.7)) than among boys (18.5 (18.0–19.1)). There were no evident peaks for any age group at diagnosis for boys but for girls two small peaks appeared at ages 0–5 years and 12–15 years. This study showed that the incidence rates of JIA in Denmark were higher for girls than for boys and remained stable over the observed period for both sexes.

Frequency distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in human populations and its relationships with age and sex

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Das ◽  
A. Manoharan ◽  
A. Srividya ◽  
B. T. Grenfell ◽  
D. A. P. Bundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYThis paper examines the effects of host age and sex on the frequency distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in the human host. Microfilarial counts from a large data base on the epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, South India are analysed. Frequency distributions of microfilarial counts divided by age are successfully described by zero-truncated negative binomial distributions, fitted by maximum likelihood. Parameter estimates from the fits indicate a significant trend of decreasing overdispersion with age in the distributions above age 10; this pattern provides indirect evidence for the operation of density-dependent constraints on microfilarial intensity. The analysis also provides estimates of the proportion of mf-positive individuals who are identified as negative due to sampling errors (around 5% of the total negatives). This allows the construction of corrected mf age–prevalence curves, which indicate that the observed prevalence may underestimate the true figures by between 25% and 100%. The age distribution of mf-negative individuals in the population is discussed in terms of current hypotheses about the interaction between disease and infection.

Quantitative analysis of the impact of craft worker availability on construction project safety performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Karimi ◽  
Timothy R.B. Taylor ◽  
Paul M. Goodrum ◽  
Cidambi Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poisson Regression Analysis ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Craft Worker

Purpose This paper aims to quantify the impact of craft worker shortage on construction project safety performance. Design/methodology/approach A database of 50 North American construction projects completed between 2001 and 2014 was compiled by taking information from a research project survey and the Construction Industry Institute Benchmarking and Metrics Database. The t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to determine whether there was a significant difference in construction project safety performance on projects with craft worker recruiting difficulty. Poisson regression analysis was then used to examine the relationship between craft worker recruiting difficulty and Occupational Safety and Health Administration Total Number of Recordable Incident Cases per 200,000 Actual Direct Work Hours (TRIR) on construction projects. Findings The result showed that the TRIR distribution of a group of projects that reported craft worker recruiting difficulty tended to be higher than the TRIR distribution of a group of projects with no craft worker recruiting difficulty (p-value = 0.004). Moreover, the average TRIR of the projects that reported craft worker recruiting difficulty was more than two times the average TRIR of projects that experienced no craft recruiting difficulty (p-value = 0.035). Furthermore, the Poisson regression analysis demonstrated that there was a positive exponential relationship between craft worker recruiting difficulty and TRIR in construction projects (p-value = 0.004). Research limitations/implications The projects used to construct the database are heavily weighted towards industrial construction. Practical implications There have been significant long-term gains in construction safety within the USA. However, if recent craft shortages continue, the quantitative analyses presented herein indicate a strong possibility that more safety incidents will occur unless the shortages are reversed. Innovative construction means and methods should be developed and adopted to work in a safe manner with a less qualified workforce. Originality/value The Poisson regression model is the first model that quantifiably links project craft worker availability to construction project safety performance.

Abstract O.02: Validation of Kawasaki Disease Incidence Assessment as Derived from Health System Administrative Databases vs. Active Retrospective Surveillance in Ontario, Canada

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Manlhiot ◽  
Sunita O’Shea ◽  
Bailey Bernknopf ◽  
Michael Labelle ◽  
Mathew Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Canadian Hospital ◽  
Hospital Discharge Database ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Discharge Database

Introduction: Historically, 2 methods have been used to determine the incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD): active or passive surveillance, or the use of administrative databases. Given the increasing regulatory requirements, mainly around patient privacy, periodic retrospective surveillances have become increasingly challenging. Administrative databases are not curated datasets and doubts have been cast on their accuracy. Methods: The Hospital for Sick Children has been conducting retrospective triennial surveillances of KD since 1995 by contacting all hospitals in Ontario and manually reviewing all cases through chart review, reconciling inter-hospital transfers and multiple readmissions. We queried the Canadian hospital discharge database (Canadian Institute for Health Information) for hospitalizations associated with a diagnosis of KD between 2004-9. The administrative dataset was manually reviewed; patient national health number, institution and dates of admission/discharge were used to identify inter-hospital transfers, readmission and follow-up episodes. Results: The Canadian hospital discharge database reported 1,685 admissions during the study period (281±44 per year) for Ontario. Manual review of the dataset identified 219 (13%) as inter-hospital transfers (56, 26%), readmissions (122, 56%), admissions for follow-up of coronary artery aneurysms (14, 6%) or hospital admissions not related to KD (27, 12%). When these admissions were removed, the total number of incident cases for the study period was 1,466 (244±45 per year). The retrospective triennial surveillance identified 1,373 KD cases during the same period (229±33 per year). The Canadian hospital discharge database overestimated the number of cases in all 6 years by an average of 6.7±5.9%. The overestimation likely comes from patients who were originally diagnosed with KD but in whom the diagnosis of KD was subsequently excluded (historically ~5-6%). Conclusions: Reliance on administrative data to determine incidence of KD is possible and accurate; data should be manually reviewed to remove non-incident cases and estimates should be adjusted to reflect the expected proportion of patients in whom the diagnosis of KD will be subsequently excluded.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN MODEL REGRESI BINOMIAL NEGATIF BIVARIAT DENGAN MODEL GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED NEGATIVE BINOMIAL BIVARIAT REGRESSION (GWNBBR) PADA KASUS ANGKA KEMATIAN BAYI DAN KEMATIAN IBU DI JAWA TENGAH

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-498
Author(s):  
Yashmine Noor Islami ◽  
Dwi Ispriyanti ◽  
Puspita Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Bivariate Regression

Infant mortality (0-11 months) and maternal mortality (during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum) are significant indicators in determining the level of public health. Central Java Province which has 35 regencies/cities is included in the top five regions with the highest number of infant and maternal mortality in Indonesia. The data characteristics of the number of infants and maternal mortality are count data. Therefore, the Poisson Regression method can be used to analyze the factors that influence the number of infants and maternal mortality. In Poisson regression analysis, there must be a fulfilled assumption, called equidispersion. Frequently, the variance of count data is greater than the mean, which is known as the overdispersion. The research, binomial negative bivariate regression is used as a solutions to overcome the problem of overdispersion in poisson regression. This method produce a global model. In reality, the geographical, socio-cultural, and economic conditions of each region will be different. This illustrates the effect of spatial heterogeneity, so it needs to be developed into Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Bivariate Regression (GWNBBR). The model of GWNBBR provides weighting based on the position or distance from one observation area to another. Significant variables for modeling infant mortality cases included the percentage of obstetric complications treated (X1), the percentage of infants who were exclusively breastfed (X3), and the percentage of poor people (X5). Significant variable for modeling maternal mortality cases is the percentage of poor people (X5). Based on the AIC value, GWNBBR model is better than binomial negatif bivariat regression model because it has a smaller AIC value. 

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