Assessment, treatment and the importance of early intervention of childhood hoarding

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Davíð R. M. A. Højgaard ◽  
Gudmundur Skarphedinsson
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
General Data

Abstract Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterised by difficulties in discharging or parting with possessions irrespective of their actual value, urges to save and acquire new items and excessive clutter in living areas. There is an urgent need to advance the understanding of HD in child and adolescent populations. The aim of this paper is to cover the assessment, treatment strategies and tools currently available. In general, data on assessment of paediatric HD are scant. Only one psychometrically sound scale, the Child Savings Inventory, which is a parent-rated scale used to assess the severity of hoarding symptoms, was found. However, this scale is not sufficient to produce a diagnosis of HD. Regarding treatment, there was only a limited number of case studies suggesting the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy that includes exposure to discarding and not collecting new items, using contingency management for exposure and oppositional behaviour, cognitive training and instructing parents to assist with home-based exposures. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for properly validated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders assessment tools, and we encourage practitioners and researchers to develop and test a Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) protocol for paediatric HD based on the aforementioned components.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Isolation, Quarantine: On the Efficacy of Internet-Based Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Ongoing Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Rinaldo Livio Perri ◽  
Paola Castelli ◽  
Cecilia La Rosa ◽  
Teresa Zucchi ◽  
Antonio Onofri
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Brief Treatments ◽  
Online Therapies ◽  
Traumatic Symptoms

Literature points to cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as evidence-based therapies for trauma-related disorders. Treatments are typically administered in a vis-à-vis setting with patients reporting symptoms of a previously experienced trauma. Conversely, online-therapies and ongoing trauma have not received adequate attention. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two brief treatments for health professionals and individuals suffering from the circumstances imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The EMDR and the trauma focused-CBT were administered online during the earliest stage of distress to manage the ongoing trauma associated to quarantine or disease. Thirty-eight patients satisfying the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for acute stress disorder were randomly assigned to the EMDR or CBT treatment. Both groups received a 7-session therapy, and psychometric tests were administered before, after the treatment and at one-month follow-up to assess traumatic symptoms, depression and anxiety. Results revealed that both treatments reduced anxiety by 30%, and traumatic and depressive symptoms by 55%. Present findings indicate the internet-based EMDR and CBT as equally effective brief treatments, also suggesting a maintenance of the effects as indicated by the follow-up evaluation. The EMDR and CBT might be considered as first line therapies to treat the ongoing trauma and to prevent the sensitization and accumulation of trauma memories.

scholarly journals Pain in Patients with Panic Disorder: Relation to Symptoms, Cognitive Characteristics and Treatment Outcome

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman B Schmidt ◽  
Helen T Santiago ◽  
John H Trakowski ◽  
J Michael Kendren
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Pain Symptoms

OBJECTIVE:Although there has been a link between certain types of pain, notably chest pain, and panic disorder, the relation between pain and panic disorder has not been systematically evaluated. In the present study, the relation between pain symptoms (headache, chest pain, stomach pain, joint pain) and the clinical presentation of patients with panic disorder was evaluated.HYPOTHESES:Pain was generally hypothesized to be related to increased symptoms of anxiety, panic-relevant cognitive domains and treatment outcome. In terms of specific pain domains, headache and chest pain were expected to be more closely related to anxiety-related symptoms.PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:Patients (n=139) meeting the criteria of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Editionfor panic disorder completed a set of standardized clinician-rated and self-reported measures. Moderator analyses were used in a subset of these patients completing a treatment outcome study.RESULTS:Approximately two-thirds of the participants endorsed at least one current pain symptom. The hypotheses were partially supported, with pain being associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as panic frequency. Pain was also related to several cognitive features, including anxiety sensitivity and panic appraisals. Headache and chest pain were more highly associated with anxiety symptoms than was joint pain. Cognitive measures did not mediate the relation between anxiety and pain, and pain did not significantly moderate outcome in response to cognitive-behavioural therapy.CONCLUSIONS:Co-occurring pain symptoms appear to be more highly related to phenomenology than to treatment response in patients with panic disorder.

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Majeed ◽  
Charles Stanfa ◽  
Donna Sudak
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an empirically supported psychotherapy shown to be effective and durable for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric illnesses. It is problem focused and conceptually driven. Cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, exposure, and developing good action plans for out-of-session practice are tools that benefit patients for a lifetime. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature that supports the use of CBT, introduce the key elements of the therapeutic approach, and illustrate them with case examples. The structure of the session and the CBT approach to the therapeutic alliance are highlighted in the text.  This review contains 23 tables, and 59 references. Key words: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive restructuring, collaboration, behavioral activation, exposure

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Kirstin Painter ◽  
Maria Scannapieco
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Chapter 9 begins with prevalence estimates for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and impulsivity are addressed, followed by descriptions of how these symptoms present in children and adolescents. An overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for diagnosing ADHD is presented. The chapter includes a discussion of the causes of ADHD and current research, with a focus on possible linkages between ADHD and biological, genetic, environmental, and nutritional causes and current brain research. Diagnosing youth using DSM criteria along with differentiating ADHD and other disorders is discussed. Common assessment tools used to screen for symptoms of ADHD are presented. Chapter 9 ends with two real-life case studies and questions for class discussion.

Diagnostic and Demographic Differences Between Incarcerated and Nonincarcerated Youth (Ages 6-15) With ADHD in South Carolina

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Soltis ◽  
Janice Probst ◽  
Sudha Xirasagar ◽  
Amy B. Martin ◽  
Bradley H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
South Carolina Department ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Youth With Adhd

Objective: Analyze diagnostic and demographic factors to identify predictors of delinquency resulting in incarceration within a group of children/adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Method: The study followed a cohort of 15,472 Medicaid covered children/adolescents with ADHD, ages 6 to 15 inclusive, between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2006. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev. [ DSM-IV-TR]), 2000 Codes were used for qualifying diagnosis codes. Available demographic characteristics included race, sex, and residence. The outcome was incarceration at the South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice during 2005-2006. Results: Among youth with ADHD, incarceration was more likely among black, male, and urban youth. Children/adolescents with comorbid ODD and/or CD were at greater risk compared with those with ADHD alone. Conclusion: Within ADHD-diagnosed youth, comorbid conditions and demographic characteristics increase the risk of incarceration. Intervention and treatment strategies that address behavior among youth with these characteristics are needed to reduce incarceration.

Eating Disorders

2014 ◽  
pp. 391-409
Author(s):  
Robyn Sysko ◽  
G. Terence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dsm Iv

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) describes two eating disorder diagnoses, anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Provisional criteria are also provided in DSM-IV for binge eating disorder (BED), which is an example of an eating disorder not otherwise specified. This chapter presents a summary and synthesis of research related to the clinical features and treatment of AN, BN, and BED, including studies of prevalence, common comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. Both psychological and pharmacological treatments are reviewed, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, family therapy, and the use of antidepressant medications. Recommendations are made for future research across the eating disorders.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Added to Pharmacotherapy in Patients Suffering from Pharmacoresistant Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S643-S644
Author(s):  
J. Vyskocilova ◽  
J. Prasko ◽  
J. Sipek ◽  
M. Slepecky
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Somatoform Dissociation ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Intensive Group

BackgroundThe objective of investigation was to determine whether patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) resistant to drug therapy may improve their condition using intensive, systematic cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) lasting six weeks and whether it is possible to predict treatment outcome using clinical and selected psychological characteristics.MethodFrom 66 OCD patients fifty-seven completed program. The diagnosis was confirmed using the structured mini international neuropsychiatric Interview. Patients were rated using the objective and subjective forms of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), objective and subjective forms of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), dissociative experiences scale, 20-item Somatoform dissociation questionnaire and sheehan disability scale before treatment, and with subjective Y-BOCS, objective and subjective CGI, BAI and BDI at the end of treatment. Patients were treated with antidepressants and daily intensive group CBT for six weeks.ResultsDuring 6-week intensive CBT program in combination with pharmacotherapy, there was significant improvement in patients suffering from OCD resistant to drug treatment. There were statistically significantly decreased scores of scales assessing severity of OCD symptoms, anxiety, and depressive feelings. A lower treatment effect was achieved specifically in patients who (a) showed fewer OCD themes in symptomatology, (b) showed higher level of somatoform dissociation, (c) had poor insight and (d) had a higher initial level of overall severity of the disorder. Remission of the disorder was more likely in patients who (a) had good insight, (b) had a lower initial level of anxiety and (c) had no comorbid depressive disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Strategies of cognitive-behavioural therapy in the rehabilitation of polydrug

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Melehin ◽  
Yu.V. Veselkova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Over the past few years, cognitive-behavioral therapy, aimed at forecasting and min¬imizing recidivism, was the most effective treatment for substance dependence (opiate addiction, cocainism, kannabizm and polydrug use). This article describes the psychotherapeutic treatment protocols polinarkozavisimosti. Given the short-term integrative principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy, along with motivational thera¬py, psychoeducation and systemic family therapy. Presents the steps of motivational interviewing, functional analysis of problem behavior, social skills training and tech¬niques to overcome the negative stress based on the principle of awareness. Particular attention in this article on the prevention of recurrence in patients with polydrug use.

scholarly journals KLEPTOMANIA: MANIFESTASI KLINIS DAN PILIHAN TERAPI

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Yelvi Levani ◽  
Aldo Dwi Prastya ◽  
Safira Nur Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Kleptomania (curi patologis) merupakan salah satu bentuk gangguan kejiawaan yang ditandai dengan mencuri berulang. Perilaku tersebut disertai dengan keinginan kuat yang sulit dikendalikan. Kleptomania dapat berhubungan dengan gangguan kejiwaan seperti depresi, kecanduan alcohol, gangguan kecemasan dan gangguan obsesif kompulsif. Kleptomania memiliki kesamaan gejala dengan adiksi seperti adanya tekanan yang kuat sebelum keinginan tersebut dicapai, penurunan keinginan segera sesaat setelah aksi dilakukan, adanya jeda waktu (jam, hari atau minggu) terhadap munculnya keinginan melakukan aksi pencurian berulang, serta terdapat perasaan senang setelah melakukan aksinya Kleptomania juga dapat berkaitan denganperubahan mood. Kriteria diagnostik untuk kleptomania berdasarkan American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diantaranya adalah prilaku mencuri barang berulang dimana penderita tidak mampu untuk mengendalikan keinginan tersebut. Barang yang dicuri biasanya tidak diperlukan oleh pasien dan bukan untuk dijual. Terdapat beberapa alat bantu untuk penegakkan diagnosis kleptomaniadiantaranya adalah Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Kleptomania (K-YBOCS) dan Kleptomania Symptom Asessment Scale (K-SAS). K-YBOSC merupakan alat ukur keparahan gejala kleptomania. Untuk terapi farmakologi diantaranya Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) merupakan golongan antidepresan yang bekerja dengan meningkatkan level serotonin di otak dan naltrexon merupakan terapi medikasi terhadap adiksi alcohol selain itu beberapa psikoterapi yang banyak dilakukan untuk penderita kleptomania adalah Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), psikoterapi kognitif, desensitisasi sistemik dan terapi aversi. Psikoterapi ini bertujuan untuk mengubah persepsi penderita terhadap tindakan mencuri dan mengalihkan minat ke hal lain.Kata kunci: kleptomania, psikopatologi, adiks

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