scholarly journals P114: Geographies of sexual assault: using geographic information system analysis to identify neighbourhoods affected by violence

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S105
Author(s):  
K. Muldoon ◽  
L. Galway ◽  
A. Drumm ◽  
T. Leach ◽  
M. Heimerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Care Program ◽  
High Income ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Ottawa Hospital

Introduction: Emergency Departments are a common point of access for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), but very little is known about where survivors live and the characteristics of the neighbourhoods. The objective of this study was to use hospital-based data to characterize sexual and domestic assault cases and identify geographic distribution across the Ottawa-Gatineau area. Methods: Data for this study were extracted from the Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP) case registry (Jan 1-Dec 31, 2015) at The Ottawa Hospital. Spatial analyses were conducted using 6-digit postal codes converted to Canadian Census Tracts to identify potential geographic areas where SGBV cases are clustered. Hot-spots were defined as Census Tracts with seven or more assaults within a single calendar year.Data for this study were extracted from the Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP) case registry (Jan 1-Dec 31, 2015) at The Ottawa Hospital. Spatial analyses were conducted using 6-digit postal codes converted to Canadian Census Tracts to identify potential geographic areas where SGBV cases are clustered. Hot-spots were defined as Census Tracts with seven or more assaults within a single calendar year. Results: In 2015, there were 406 patients seen at the SAPACP, 348 had valid postal codes from Ottawa-Gatineau and were included in the analyses. Over 90% of patients were female and 152 (43.68%) were below 24 years of age. Eight hot-spots were identified including 3 in the downtown entertainment district, 3 lower income areas, 1 high income neighbourhood, and 1 suburb more than 20km from downtown. Conclusion: This study is of the first to use hospital-based data to examine the geographic distribution of SGBV cases, with key findings including the identification of high-income neighbourhoods and suburbs as SGBV hot-spots. Alongside efforts like the #MeToo movement, this evidence challenges stereotypes of assault survivors and highlights the breadth and widespread nature of SGBV.

scholarly journals MP07: Rate of return: prevalence and correlates of revictimization among sexual and domestic assault cases presenting to the emergency department

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S42-S42
Author(s):  
A. Drumm ◽  
K. Muldoon ◽  
F. Blaskovits ◽  
T. Leach ◽  
M. Heimerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Domestic Assault ◽  
Ottawa Hospital ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Patients At Risk

Introduction: Many survivors of sexual and domestic assault return to violent environments following post-assault care. The objective of this study was to estimate the annual prevalence of revictimization and examine factors associated with return emergency department (ED) visits following their initial encounter for sexual or domestic assault. Methods: The Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP) at The Ottawa Hospital is the only program in Ottawa offering emergency and forensic care for survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence. Information on demographics, assailant characteristics and clinical presentation were extracted from the SAPACP case registry (January 1 2015- January 31 2016). We conducted descriptive analyses to describe the study sample, and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression modelling to assess factors most strongly associated with revictimization using odds ratios (OR), adjusted OR (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among 377 unique patients seen at the SAPACP, there were 409 encounters for sexual and domestic violence. There were 24 revictimization cases (6.4%) with the number of repeat visits ranging from 2-6. There were 343 (91.0%) female patients and 182 (48.3) under the age of 25. There were 243 (64.5%) sexual assaults, 125 (33.2%) physical assaults, and 42 (11.1%) verbal assaults. Compared to patients who presented once, revictimized patients were more likely to have experienced violence from a current or former intimate partner (AOR:3.02, 95% CI:1.24-7.34), have a substance use disorder (AOR:5.57, 95% CI:2.11-14.68), and were more likely to be taking anti-depressants (AOR:3.34, 95% CI:1.39-8.01). Conclusion: This study has identified a high prevalence of revictimization, with some clients being revictimized as many as 6 subsequent times. Key factors to help identify patients at risk of revictimization are assaults by intimate partners, having substance use problems, and being on antidepressants. Reducing revictimization and preventing further violence is a critical component of care to ensure survivors are safe following their ED encounter.

scholarly journals MP45: What to do with #MeToo: pre and post presenting patterns of intimate partner violence

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S59-S59
Author(s):  
A. Sobiesiak ◽  
K. Muldoon ◽  
L. Shipeolu ◽  
M. Heimerl ◽  
K. Sampsel
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Ottawa Hospital

Introduction: The #MeToo social media movement gained international status in October 2017 as millions disclosed experiences of sexual and intimate partner violence. People who experience violence from a former/current intimate partner may not present for care for many reasons, among them not knowing where to go for care, or not realizing they were experiencing abuse since the behavior was portrayed as ‘normal’. Empirical research identified increased police reporting, internet searches, and new workplace regulations on sexual assault/harassment after #MeToo. Less is known about how #MeToo has influenced hospital-based care, particularly among IPV cases. We aimed to investigate if the #MeToo social movement influenced patterns of IPV cases presenting for emergency care. Methods: This study took place at the Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP), within the Emergency Department of The Ottawa Hospital. Patients seen from November 1st, 2016 through to September 30th, 2017 was considered Pre-#MeToo and those seen November 1st, 2017 to September 30th, 2018 was considered Post-#MeToo. All patients seen in October 2017 were excluded. Analyses compare the proportion and characteristics of IPV cases seen Pre- and Post-#MeToo. Log-binomial regression models were used to calculate relative risk and 95% CI. Results: 890 cases were seen by the SAPACP during the total study period, of which 564 (63%) were IPV cases. 258 IPV cases were seen Pre-#MeToo and 306 IPV Post-#MeToo. The clinical presentation for IPV cases was similar between both periods where approximately 42% of IPV cases presented for sexual assault, 50% presented for physical assault. An increase in frequency and proportion of IPV cases was observed post-#MeToo. Post-#MeToo there were 48 additional cases of IPV, corresponding to almost a 20% increase in risk compared to the Pre-#MeToo period. (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31) Post-#MeToo, there were more presenting cases of IPV among male/trans cases (9 vs 26) and youth cases (82 vs 116). Conclusion: #MeToo is a powerful social movement that corresponded with a significant increase in IPV cases presenting for emergency care. While the assault characteristics among IPV cases remained similar, an important contribution of this research is the increase in youth, male/transgender patients who presented for care post-#MeToo. Continued investigations into pre- post-#MeToo trends is needed to understand more about the changing clinical population and to inform resource and service allocation.

scholarly journals LO49: Achieving just outcomes: forensic evidence collection in sexual assault cases

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S23-S24
Author(s):  
K. Sampsel ◽  
K. Muldoon ◽  
A. Drumm ◽  
T. Leach ◽  
M. Heimerl
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ottawa Hospital ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
Care And Justice

Introduction: Achieving just outcomes in sexual assault cases is one of the most serious and complex problems facing the health care and justice systems. The objectives of this analysis were to determine the prevalence and correlates of Sexual Assault Evidence Kit (SAEK) completion and release to police among sexual assault cases presenting at the hospital emergency department. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study come from the Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP) case registry (Jan1-Dec31, 2015) at The Ottawa Hospital, a unique medical-forensic access point and the only facility offering SAEK collection in Ottawa. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted using odds ratios (OR), adjusted ORs, and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: In 2015 406 patients were seen by the SAPACP and 202 (77.10%) were eligible for a SAEK. Among eligible cases, 129 (63.86%) completed a SAEK and only 60 (29.70%) released the SAEK to police for investigation. Youth cases below 24 years of age (AOR:2.23, 95% CI: 1.18-4.23) and presenting within 24h (AOR:0.93-3.40) were the strongest independent factors contributing to SAEK completion. Cases who were uncertain of the assailant (AOR:3.62, 95% CI:1.23-10.67) and assaults that occurred outdoors (AOR:3.14, 95% CI:1.08-9.09) were the cases most likely to release the SAEK to police. Conclusion: Our study has shown high attrition levels along the continuum of care and justice for sexual assault case. Even with access to specialized forensic evidence collection, many do not complete a SAEK and even fewer release the evidence to police for legal investigation.

scholarly journals Public open spaces and physical activity: disparities of resources in Florianópolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Sofia Wolker Manta ◽  
Rodrigo Siqueira Reis ◽  
Tânia Rosane Bertoldo Benedetti ◽  
Cassiano Ricardo Rech
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Physical Activity Facilities ◽  
Public Open Spaces

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics of census tracts and the presence/quality of public open spaces and physical activity facilities. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 643 census tracts in Florianópolis, Brazil, the presence and quality of public open spaces and physical activity facilities were objectively analyzed and the data by census tracts using Geographic Information Systems was treated. Outcomes were analyzed considering the census tracts as having: ≥ 1 public open spaces; ≥ 1 public open spaces with high quality; ≥ 2 physical activity facilities and high-quality physical activity facilities. Sociodemographic characteristics were the independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Census tracts with a medium-income (OR = 1.8; 95%CI 1.1–3.0) and high-income (OR = 2.4; 95%CI 1.4–4.0), in those with medium (OR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0–2.7) and high residential density (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1,2–3.3), and with higher proportions of older adults (OR = 3.3; 95%CI 1.9–5.7) had a higher proportion of public open spaces. Census tracts with higher proportions of children/adolescents (OR = 0.3; 95%CI 0.2–0.6) and non-white residents (OR= 0.6; 95%CI 0.3–0.9) were less likely to contain public open spaces. The tracts with medium (OR = 4.0; 95%CI 1.4–11.3) and high-income (OR = 3.6; 95%CI 1.2–10.2) were more likely to contain public open spaces with ≥ 2 structures for physical activity, compared with those with low-income. We observed the inverse in sectors with a high proportion of non-white residents (OR = 0.3; 95%CI 0.1–0.9). CONCLUSIONS: Census tracts with higher proportions of children or adolescents, non-white individuals and those in the low-income strata had lower odds of containing public open spaces and physical activity facilities.

scholarly journals Predictors of uptake and retention in an intervention to improve social reactions to disclosures of sexual assault and partner abuse

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emily A. Waterman ◽  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Lindsey M. Rodriguez ◽  
Sarah E. Ullman ◽  
Christina M. Dardis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Social Reactions

scholarly journals An Ecological Comparison Study On The Causal Association Between Leptospirosis and Moyamoya Disease in Hubei, China, 2017-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Zhiyang ◽  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Meifang Li ◽  
Da Zhou ◽  
Jianjian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Cold Spots ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background and PurposeThe importance of environmental factors (especially leptospirosis) in moyamoya disease (MMD) has not been clarified. Here we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of MMD under perspective of ecology in Hubei province, China.MethodsWe conducted a population-based study to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of MMD in Hubei province between 2017 and 2019. The regional clusters of the hot spots (high incidence) and cold spots (low incidence) of MMD were identified using the spatial statistical method. To evaluate the role of leptospirosis in MMD, we performed an ecological comparison study to evaluate whether the socioeconomic and environmental variables of hot spots are more suitable for leptospirosis spread. Results The average annual age-adjusted incidence of MMD was 2.85 per 100 000 person-years from 2017 to 2019. The middle-aged had higher incidence of MMD than the children. There existed an obvious geographic distribution of MMD at county level that the average annual age-adjusted incidence of hot spots was about 8 times than the cold spots. The hot spots were identified mainly in the low mountainous and hilly terrain, while cold spots were located in the Jianghan Plains. Compared to cold spots, the hot spots had larger cattle density (28.9 vs 7.7, P=0.002), higher percentages of rice field (80.3% vs 35.7%, P=0.002), and lower elevation (33.6 vs 157.4, P=0.001)Conclusions We identified the obvious geographic distribution of MMD in the province, which initially strengthened the importance of environmental factors of this disease. Moreover, we preliminarily identified that people who lived in the low elevation regions with close contact to the cattle and rice field has a high risk of MMD. Future studies are needed to explore the potential environmental factors in MMD, especially for early-life exposure to leptospirosis.

A Mixed-Method Process Evaluation of an Intervention to Improve Social Reactions to Disclosures of Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091858
Author(s):  
Emily A. Waterman ◽  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Meredith J. Baker ◽  
Sarah E. Ullman ◽  
Christina M. Dardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Data ◽  
Social Reactions ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
Current Program ◽  
Program Engagement ◽  
Negative Social Reactions

Because of the high rates and deleterious consequences of sexual assault (SA) and partner abuse (PA) on college campuses, there is a proliferation of programming to both prevent and respond to these issues. Most research to date, however, presents outcome evaluation data on these programs and neglects to present process evaluation data which are critical for program refinement and dissemination. The purpose of this study was to present process evaluation data (i.e., acceptability and feasibility) specific to a program that endeavored to increase positive and decrease negative social reactions from disclosure recipients to individuals disclosing SA and PA. Participants were 303 students who completed the program and participated in postintervention surveys and a subset of students ( n = 18) who completed exit interviews. Results documented that the program was both feasible and acceptable, as evidenced by high satisfaction ratings. Important suggestions were also provided for how to improve the program, such as reducing repetition and making scenarios more realistic. Finally, participants who reported higher program engagement and more program usage generally reported more intentions to provide positive social reactions, less intentions to provide negative social reactions, and less actual negative social reactions. This information is useful not only for adapting the current program discussed herein but also for program developers and preventionists wishing to create similar programming to effectively prevent and improve response to SA and PA.

Geographies of Sexual Assault: A Spatial Analyses to Identify Neighborhoods Affected by Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051985117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Muldoon ◽  
Lindsay Galway ◽  
Allegra Reeves ◽  
Tara Leach ◽  
Melissa Heimerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document