scholarly journals The origin of digital information devices: the Silicon Audio and its family

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Sugiyama ◽  
Masahiro Iwadare
Keyword(s):  
Data Compression ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Semiconductor Memory ◽  
International Standardization Organization ◽  
Memory Card ◽  
Standardization Organization ◽  
Mechanical Movement

This paper presents the origin of digital information devices, the Silicon Audio, and its family. The Silicon Audio is the digital counterpart of the Walkman and the ancestor of the iPod. It employs the MPEG / Audio Layer II algorithm for data compression, which was standardized by ISO (International Standardization Organization)/ IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). A semiconductor memory card is equipped with to store the compressed signal. Since it has no mechanical movement, it is robust against shocks and vibrations that had been a serious problem for portable audio players. The background of the development, implementations, challenges toward a commercial product, and impact on audio players as well as personal information devices are discussed with its family including a video derivative, the Silicon View.

The Silicon Audio an audio-data compression and storage system with a semiconductor memory card

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sugiyama ◽  
M. Iwadare ◽  
N. Ohdate ◽  
T. Manabe ◽  
H. Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Compression ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Semiconductor Memory ◽  
Memory Card ◽  
Audio Data ◽  
And Storage

Investigating the Use of Personal in Formation Management Strategies by Faculty Members of three Medical Sciences Universities in Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Mikaeil Molazadeh ◽  
Ahad Zeinali ◽  
Ghazale Geraily
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
And Gender

In this study, the purpose was to investigate Personal Information Management (PIM) activity rate regardingfourPIM aspects o f acquisition, maintenance, organization, and retrieval o f faculty members in three universities, i.e., Tehran University o f Medical Science (TUMS), Iran University o f Medical Sciences (lUMS), and Shahid Beheshti University o f Medical Sciences (SBUMS). The relationship between PIM use and workplace, academic rank, and gender factors were also studied. A Persian-language questionnaire was used to measure PIM performance of participants. Data were analysed using statistical tests. Findings showed that most o f the participants preferred desktop computers for saving theirpersonal digital information. Also, the percentage of PIM use by the faculty members was reported as 50-75%. However, no significant associations between PIM use by the faculty members and their workplace, academic rank, andgenderwerefound.

scholarly journals Methodology of the Auditing Measures to Civil Airport Security and Protection

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Kolesár ◽  
Lucia Melníková ◽  
Daniela Heralová ◽  
Petr Daňko
Keyword(s):  
Airport Security ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Security Audit ◽  
National Programme ◽  
International Standardization Organization ◽  
Unlawful Interference ◽  
International Standardization ◽  
Independent Auditing ◽  
Certification Requirements ◽  
Standardization Organization

Airports similarly to other companies are certified in compliance with the International Standardization Organization (ISO) standards of products and services (series of ISO 9000 Standards regarding quality management), to coordinate the technical side of standardizatioon and normalization at an international scale. In order for the airports to meet the norms and the certification requirements as by the ISO they are liable to undergo strict audits of quality, as a rule, conducted by an independent auditing organization. Focus of the audits is primarily on airport operation economics and security. The article is an analysis into the methodology of the airport security audit processes and activities. Within the framework of planning, the sequence of steps is described in line with the principles and procedures of the Security Management System (SMS) and starndards established by the International Standardization Organization (ISO). The methodology of conducting airport security audit is developed in compliance with the national programme and international legislation standards (Annex 17) applicable to protection of civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference.

scholarly journals Reflecting on personal data in a health course: Integrating wearable technology and ePortfolio for eHealth

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Sobko ◽  
Gavin Brown
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Ehealth Literacy ◽  
Health Course ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Literacy Scores

Activity trackers (ATs) equipped with biometric sensors may support deep knowledge acquisition of health and active learning. The mechanism may be via personal data being pushed to the students, which deepens the knowledge about their own health and may impact long-term health action processes. To understand health knowledge acquisition, 43 students attending an undergraduate university course were equipped with an AT over a period of five months. Weekly observation on emerging personal data and consequent actions (lifestyle adaptations) were reflected in an individual course-related ePortfolio. Students’ change in health action process was assessed using a short standard eHealth literacy scale at the beginning and end of the course. The usability of ePortfolio tool was tested with two previously validated scales. The combination of personal information from an AT and ePortfolio may have enhanced students’ critical assessment of health-related personal and available digital information. eHealth literacy scores significantly increased by the end of the course (p < .01). The ePortfolio helped with learning, and the usability of the ePortfolio did not really interfere. The combination of AT and ePortfolio constitutes a novel and productive method of using ePortfolios in higher education in regards to eHealth literacy acquisition.

Privacy and Identity in a Networked World

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Tennis
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Privacy Law ◽  
Privacy Laws

Digital information technologies have opened up fantastic new opportunities for ordinary people to both stand atop a virtual soapbox and reach millions and to participate in new forums for social interaction. However, as users conduct more and more of their personal and professional lives online, the distinction between public and private that has underlain the development of privacy law to date has begun to blur. While some traditional regulatory tools have proven adaptable, the ever increasing ability to collect and analyze that electronic information suggests that the assumptions and policy considerations underlying privacy laws must be reexamined. Old dividing lines between public and private forums cannot be readily transported into the digital realm. Instead, privacy regulations in the information age should protect the ability for users of online services to control the dissemination of their personal information and compartmentalize different aspects of their online conduct.

Privacy Risk in E-Commerce

2009 ◽  
pp. 1188-1193
Author(s):  
Tziporah Stern
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Files ◽  
The Right

Privacy, or the right to hold information about oneself in secret (Masuda, 1979; O’Brien & Yasnof, 1999), has become increasingly important in the information society. With the rapid technological advances and the digitalization of information, retrieval of specific records is more rapid; personal information can be integrated into a number of different data files; and copying, transporting, collecting, storing, and processing large amounts of information is easier. Additionally, the advent of the World Wide Web and the fast-paced growth of the Internet have created further cause for concern. The vast amounts of digital information and the pervasiveness of the Internet facilitate new techniques for gathering information—for example, spyware, phishing, and cookies. Hence, personal information is much more vulnerable to being inappropriately used. This article outlines the importance of privacy in an e-commerce environment, the specific privacy concerns individuals may have, antecedents to these concerns, and potential remedies to quell them.

Legibility of Public Information Symbols

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 448-448
Author(s):  
Harm J. Zwaga
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Public Information ◽  
International Standardization Organization ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
International Standardization ◽  
Standardization Organization

A legibility test is one a set of tests to be proposed by a committee of the International Standardization Organization as a standard procedure to ensure that public information symbols can be used efficiently by the population of users. Although the method of administering has been decided upon for most of the tests, there is not yet a satisfactory method for the legibility test.

Quantitative XRD Analysis by Partial Least Squares Application in a Commercial Product

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (A) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Arthur G. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Data Compression ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Data Points

AbstractA new approach to quantitative XRD by Partial Least Squares (PLS) used region(s) or the entirety of the diffraction pattern of calibration standards (also called a training set) in the model. The basic concept of this approach states that the information in many observed variables, expressed as matrix I = (i1, i2 … , ik,) is concentrated onto a few underlying latent variables, called factors, by the process of data compression. In XRD, the data points of the diffraction pattern are compressed to few factors T, computed according to their ability to explain the variation in the diffraction pattern or matrix I. The procedure incorporates into the model that part of I that is correlated to C concentrations. Data compression preserves the redundancy between variables due to collinearity and stabilizies the predictions against noise in I. The resulting calibration model allows for detection of outliers. Another important effect of data reduction is the ability to analyze muticomponent systems even when lines of the components are overlapped, Examples of quantitative analysis by PLS are demonstrated in the analysis of a commercial product.

Evaluation of Human Response to Building Vibration Caused by Transit Buses

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Osama Al-Hunaidi
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
International Standardization Organization ◽  
Transit Buses ◽  
International Standardization ◽  
Iso 2631 ◽  
Standardization Organization

The International Standardization Organization and several countries have published standards that provide guidance on evaluation of human response to vibration in buildings, e.g. ISO 2631-2:1989, BS 6472: 1984, and ANSI S3.29: 1983. This paper demonstrates the application of these standards for the case of vibrations induced in residential homes by transit buses. Difficulties and ambiguities in applying the standards are revealed. Several vibration evaluation methods were applied and compared including rms, rmq, peak, and vibration-dose-value methods. Actual vibration levels measured in 6 residential homes were used to assess the various methods. Two evaluation methods were identified as the most appropriate.

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