scholarly journals The Flying and the Masked Man, One More Time: Comments on Peter Adamson and Fedor Benevich, ‘The Thought Experimental Method: Avicenna's Flying Man Argument’

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
JARI KAUKUA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Critical Comment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metaphysical Possibility ◽  
American Philosophical Association ◽  
Expected Result ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis is a critical comment on Adamson and Benevich (2018), published in issue 4/2 of the Journal of the American Philosophical Association. I raise two closely related objections. The first concerns the objective of the flying man: instead of the question of what the soul is, I argue that the argument is designed to answer the question of whether the soul exists independently of the body. The second objection concerns the expected result of the argument: instead of knowledge about the quiddity of soul, I claim the argument yields knowledge about the soul's existence independently of the body. After the objections, I turn to the masked man fallacy, claiming that although the Adamson-Benevich interpretation does save the argument from the fallacy, this comes at the cost of plausibility. I then give a more modest interpretation that both avoids the fallacy and is plausible. The paper concludes with a remark about the metaphysical possibility of the flying man.

Influence of the cost of technological equipment of body production on indicators of efficiency of working processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Production Body ◽  
Body Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Efficiency Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

The possibilities for the development of bodywork in the context of the growing level of competition are analyzed in the article. The technological processes of bodywork are considered and the problem of choosing technological equipment is indicated. The statistical data about the efficiency indicators of company body divisions, operating in the body repair market in Krasnoyarsk, are presented. A composite quality index for the equipment of the bodywork department (using the example of body stocks) is proposed and calculated, and on its basis, some recommendations are given for companies which plan to enter the market of body repair services. Keywords: body production, body repair, body equipment, body production efficiency, selection of technological equipment

Improving the efficiency of metal-bonded diamond abrasive end tools by improving manufacturing technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Valentin Smirnov ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Lobanov ◽  
Vadim Skeeba ◽  
Ivan Golyushov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Diamond Abrasive ◽  
Bearing Part

Introduction. Difficult-to-machine materials with enhanced physical and mechanical properties are increasingly being used in various industries. Such materials are used in mechanical engineering for the manufacture of parts and assemblies of machines and mechanisms, in the production and processing of food products where increased operational requirements are required. In modern production, along with traditional methods of intensifying technological operations, combined and hybrid processing technologies are used. For the finishing of products, abrasive grinding with a diamond tool is used. One of the problems hindering the wide practical application of this method in industry is the fact that it has a high prime cost caused by the cost of materials used in the manufacture and the laboriousness of the tool shaping process. This leads to the need to develop a new technology for manufacturing diamond tools. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of the end diamond abrasive tool with a metal bond by using carbon steels as a body material, increasing the strength of the connection between the body and the diamond-bearing part, as well as choosing an effective tool manufacturing technology. Research methodology. To gain this task, a technology for manufacturing end diamond abrasive tools is developed and tested. Allowing using the technology of capacitor welding to connect the diamond-bearing part with the shank and use medium-carbon hardened high-quality steels with a hardness of 45-60 HRC as the shank material. The strength of the connection of the body with the working diamond-bearing part of the grinding head samples is determined by tensile testing on a 1958U10 tensile machine with maximum load 100 kN. The quality of the joint is assessed visually by the presence of discontinuities in the joint, as well as by examining the microstructure and measuring the microhardness of the weld and heat-affected zones. The microhardness of the welded joint is measured using an HMV-G21ST semi-automatic microhardness tester (Shimadzu, Japan) at a load of 50 g. Results and discussion. Thus, the results of comparative studies allow us to assert that the strength of the connection between the shank and the working diamond-bearing part according to the proposed technology surpasses similar characteristics of the strength of the connection between the shank and the diamond-bearing layer of grinding heads obtained by the method selected by the prototype. Conclusions. The proposed technology for the manufacture of diamond heads increases the strength of the connection between the body and the diamond-bearing working part, reduces the cost of manufacturing the grinding heads due to the use of hardened medium-carbon steels as the material of the tool body instead of high-speed steel grades, the technology is simplified and the possibility of automating the manufacture of tools appears.

scholarly journals Unstable Hemostasis and Specific Postoperative Complications (Literature Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
D. V. Lebedeva ◽  
E. A. Ilyicheva
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Technical Errors ◽  
Perioperative Bleeding ◽  
The Cost

Perioperative bleeding occupies a leading place among all surgical complications and, despite the rapid development of surgery, remains relevant to this day. In addition to an increase in mortality, bleeding can cause the development of other postoperative complications, which lead to disability of patients and to a decrease in the quality of life in all age groups. Most perioperative bleeding are caused by technical errors. This article reviews the problem of perioperative bleeding from the point of view of impaired coagulation capabilities of the body. The main etiopathogenetic features of hemostasis during the development of this complication are considered. The analysis of postoperative complications, which were directly or indirectly caused by bleeding during or after surgery, is presented. The prevalence of these complications in various areas of surgery has been demonstrated. More detailed study of the hemostasis system and the identification of predictors of hemostasis difficulties before the surgery may cause an improvement in the results of surgical treatment and reduce the number of postoperative complications and the duration of hospital stay. Accordingly, this will lead to a decrease in the cost of treatment and an increase in patient satisfaction with the medical care. In connection with the above, there is a great interest among surgeons and anesthesiologists in preventing the development of perioperative bleeding.

scholarly journals The Peculiarities of Civil-Legal Regulation of Transplantation in Ukraine and Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Alla Herts
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accessibility Of Health Services ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Processed Form ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cadaveric Transplantation

Abstract In modern realities the issue of the quality and accessibility of health services, the cost of medicines, examinations and treatment in general is being increasingly frequently discussed. The attention is focused on such a narrow surgical field as transplantation, because in Ukraine thousands of patients are waiting in line for organ transplantation and very few operations are performed. The main, most secure and common type of transplantation is the transplantation of organs and tissues from a deceased person, the dead body. Cadaveric transplantation, which is used in most developed countries, is hardly carried out in Ukraine. This is due to the fact that the current regulatory base of Ukraine in the field of transplantation does not fully meet the needs of modern medicine and has many gaps. The aim of donation is a future transplantation (including and in cases of blood transfusion and reproductive cells use). The parts (tissues, organs, their parts, individual cells) extracted (separated) from the body in the process of donation can be used generally in the treatment process in a processed form (blood plasma) or in the original state (fertilized reproductive cells). The detailed analysis of the provisions of the national legal system makes it possible to conclude that, despite the absence of direct regulation of relations concerning organ donation and transplantation as material relations, the legal regulations provide the fundamental provisions, which determine their material nature, and therefore offer opportunities for agreementbased regulation. In our opinion, one of the essential legal means of ensuring the rights of participants in the relations of donation and transplantation can be their agreement-based regulation. The peculiarities of civil-legal regulation of transplantation in Ukraine and Europe are simultaneously analysed; and the grounds of its legitimacy are defined.

scholarly journals A MODIFIED GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR FINDING FUZZY SHORTEST PATHS IN UNCERTAIN NETWORKS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Heidari ◽  
M. R. Delavar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shortest Path Problems ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Uncertain Networks ◽  
Exploration Exploitation

In realistic network analysis, there are several uncertainties in the measurements and computation of the arcs and vertices. These uncertainties should also be considered in realizing the shortest path problem (SPP) due to the inherent fuzziness in the body of expert's knowledge. In this paper, we investigated the SPP under uncertainty to evaluate our modified genetic strategy. We improved the performance of genetic algorithm (GA) to investigate a class of shortest path problems on networks with vague arc weights. The solutions of the uncertain SPP with considering fuzzy path lengths are examined and compared in detail. As a robust metaheuristic, GA algorithm is modified and evaluated to tackle the fuzzy SPP (FSPP) with uncertain arcs. For this purpose, first, a dynamic operation is implemented to enrich the exploration/exploitation patterns of the conventional procedure and mitigate the premature convergence of GA technique. Then, the modified GA (MGA) strategy is used to resolve the FSPP. The attained results of the proposed strategy are compared to those of GA with regard to the cost, quality of paths and CPU times. Numerical instances are provided to demonstrate the success of the proposed MGA-FSPP strategy in comparison with GA. The simulations affirm that not only the proposed technique can outperform GA, but also the qualities of the paths are effectively improved. The results clarify that the competence of the proposed GA is preferred in view of quality quantities. The results also demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently be utilized to handle FSPP in uncertain networks.

scholarly journals The burden of the current curative expenditure of injury in Dalian, China-A study based on “System of Health Accounts 2011”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Sun ◽  
Liuna Yang ◽  
Xinzhu Hu ◽  
Yalan Zhu ◽  
Boxi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
Health Accounts ◽  
System Of Health Accounts ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Injury is one of the major public health problems, which causes more than 5 million deaths in the world every year. Cases of specific types of injury put a tremendous threat to human health and also add a heavy medical burden on individuals and societies. This study was to calculate and analyze the current curative expenditure (CCE) of injury in Dalian and consequently to provide control strategies for decision-makers. Main text: A total of 565 medical institutions were selected with multistage stratified cluster random sampling, containing 4,375,351 valid samples. Subsequently, the distribution of injury CCE in different dimensions (including age and site of injury) was analyzed under the framework of System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA 2011) using the established database. There were increases from 32.36/100,000 in 2006 to 37.34/100,000 in 2017 and from 46.12/100,000 in 2006 to 54.48/100,000 in 2017 in urban and rural residents respectively. The study found that the CCE of injury in Dalian had reached 1572.73 million RMB, accounting for 7.45% of the total curative care expenditure. In the 15–25 age group, the cost of injury accounts for a larger proportion of CCE than other age groups. Among the injuries in different regions of the body, injuries to the spine, lower limb, head and foreign body entering cost the most. Conclusions Dalian has a relatively serious burden of injury costs. The essential and primary goal is to reduce the cost and increase the benefit of attending to patients with injuries. Specific control strategies should be tilted toward the age group 15–25. Injuries to the spine, lower limb, head and foreign body entering also should be priorities of interventions.

scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF DETERMINING THE COST OF PAINTWORK OF WHEELED VEHICLES WITH ELEMENTS OF AIRBRUSHING

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
О. Mykhalskyi ◽  
S. Kiriakov ◽  
D. Fokin
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Tabular Data ◽  
Standard Time ◽  
Auto Parts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Real Costs

This article outlines problematic issues in determining the cost of paintwork of wheeled vehicles with elements of airbrushing. Options of applying patterns on the auto parts of the body depending on their complexity and the possibility of reapplication are considered. Ways of calculating the number of man-hours on airbrushing work are taken out, namely tabular data on already existing methodological recommendations as well as alternative, more accurate ways of calculating standard time are suggested, which at most reflect real costs, both for the time spent on airbrushing drawing, and on the amount of materials accordingly.

Shape Sensitivity Analysis Applied to Exterior Acoustics

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo R. Feijóo ◽  
Assad A. Oberai ◽  
Peter M. Pinsky
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Auxiliary Problem ◽  
Adjoint Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structural Acoustics ◽  
Shape Sensitivity ◽  
Shape Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Primal Problem ◽  
Acoustic Media ◽  
The Cost

Abstract We present a method to calculate the derivative of a functional that depends on the shape of a body immersed in an acoustic media. The functional depends implicitly on the shape through the solution of an exterior acoustic problem. The derivative is calculated in terms of the solution of the primal problem and an auxiliary problem, the adjoint problem. An important aspect of this method is that the cost of calculating the derivative is independent of the number of parameters used to represent the shape of the body. This allows for efficient solution of optimization problems in structural acoustics.

A Sermon on the National Fast-Day

2012 ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Sabato Morais
Keyword(s):  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Book Of Isaiah ◽  
Introductory Section ◽  
The People ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In

This chapter takes a look at a sermon by Sabato Morais. Its structure is fairly straightforward. An introductory section focuses on what may appear to be a relatively minor issue but was apparently one that Morais considered to be of symbolic significance: the wording of the presidential proclamation of the national fast-day (made in response to a request by the Senate, possibly in response to the Southern day of prayer on 27 March). The body of the sermon presents two major themes. The first is introduced by the celebrated verses from the fifty-eighth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in which the prophet, speaking in God's behalf, castigates the people for the insincerity of their observance of a day of fasting and prayer. The chapter then turns to the second major theme: the repudiation of a dishonourable, ignominious peace that would come at the cost of dissolution of the American body politic.

Evolution: Medicine’s most basic science

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Randolph M. Nesse ◽  
Richard Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost

The role of evolutionary biology as a basic science for medicine is expanding rapidly. Some evolutionary methods are already widely applied in medicine, such as population genetics and methods for analysing phylogenetic trees. Newer applications come from seeking evolutionary as well as proximate explanations for disease. Traditional medical research is restricted to proximate studies of the body’s mechanism, but separate evolutionary explanations are needed for why natural selection has left many aspects of the body vulnerable to disease. There are six main possibilities: mismatch, infection, constraints, trade-offs, reproduction at the cost of health, and adaptive defences. Like other basic sciences, evolutionary biology has limited direct clinical implications, but it provides essential research methods, encourages asking new questions that foster a deeper understanding of disease, and provides a framework that organizes the facts of medicine.

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