scholarly journals The Effect of Greenhouse Pollination Methods on Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Tomatoes in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Pollination Methods

Abstract Since 2017, the Japanese government has been phasing out the use of non-native bumblebees as greenhouse tomato pollinators due to their ecological risks. We used an online questionnaire to investigate whether pollination methods affect consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for tomatoes. We found that consumers valued the use of non-native bumblebees more than hormonal treatment and native more than non-native bees. Moreover, we found that informing consumers of the ecological risks increased WTP for native bumblebees and hormonal treatment. These results suggest that pollination method labeling may help protect ecosystems from the threat of non-native species.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ATP-WTP TERHADAP TARIF KRL LINTAS TANAH ABANG-RANGKASBITUNG (STUDI KASUS: STASIUN JURANG MANGU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Felix Casey Ignatius ◽  
Dewi Linggasari ◽  
Hokbyan Angkat
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
Collection Methods

Determination of public transport fares needs to be compared to the value of the Ability to Pay (ATP) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) of Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL) service users to pay a sum of money for the services received. The purpose of this study is to analyze the amount of ATP and WTP value of Green Line KRL services’ users, especially those through the Jurang Mangu Station. Primary research data collection methods through surveys with online questionnaire to respondents who have used the Green Line KRL. The research data obtained will be processed and analyzed to obtain the results of respondents’ characteristics, ATP values, and WTP values. The analysis results on the existing tariffs of KRL Green Line with a base rate of Rp. 3.000,- shows the value of ATP and WTP of Rp. 5.057,- and Rp. 4.825,-. The ATP and WTP values respectively for those going through the Jurang Mangu Station are Rp. 5.167,- and Rp. 4.875,-. The results of this study indicate that the ATP value is lower when compared to the WTP value, but this ATP value is greater than the existing tariff. This data shows that the current tariff is proportional to the service received.ABSTRAKPenetapan tarif angkutan umum perlu dibandingkan nilai Ability to Pay (ATP) dan Willingness to Pay (WTP) pengguna jasa Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL) untuk membayar sejumlah uang demi pelayanan jasa yang diterima. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besaran nilai ATP dan WTP pengguna jasa KRL pada lintas Green Line khususnya yang melalui Stasiun Jurang Mangu. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian secara primer melalui survei dengan panduan kuesioner secara online kepada responden yang pernah menggunakan KRL Green Line. Data penelitian yang diperoleh akan diolah dan dianalisis untuk mendapatkan hasil karakteristik responden, nilai ATP, dan nilai WTP. Hasil analisis pada tarif eksisting KRL Green Line dengan tingkat tarif dasar Rp. 3.000,- didapat nilai ATP dan WTP masing-masing adalah Rp. 5.057,- dan Rp. 4.825,-. Nilai ATP dan WTP untuk yang melalui Stasiun Jurang Mangu masing-masing adalah Rp. 5.167,- dan Rp. 4.875,-. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai ATP lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan nilai WTP, tetapi nilai ATP ini lebih besar daripada tarif eksisting. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa tarif yang berlaku saat ini sebanding dengan pelayanan yang diterima.

scholarly journals Broad Geographic and Host Distribution of Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus in South American Native Bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Silvina Quintana ◽  
Gregorio Fernandez de Landa ◽  
Pablo Revainera ◽  
Facundo Meroi ◽  
Leonardo Porrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Gene ◽  
South American ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
First Time

AbstractApis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) is a large double stranded DNA virus of honey bees and its prevalence and relationship with other parasites is poorly known. Samples consisted of fifty-one adult bees belonging to eight native species collected using entomological nets in six provinces of Argentina, from 2009 to 2018. Total genomic DNA was extracted from individual bees and a 551 bp fragment of the Bro-N gene of AmFV was amplified by qPCR. In the present work we have reported for the first time both the presence and the wide geographic distribution of AmFV in Argentinian species of native bees. This is the first report of the presence of this virus associated with Xylocopa atamisquensis, X. augusti, X. frontalis, X. spendidula, Bombus pauloensis and Peponapis fervens. Detecting pathogens that could threaten native bee health is of outmost importance to generate both conservation and management strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: Molineidae) in Lama guanicoe from Patagonia, Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Petrigh ◽  
M. Fugassa
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
South American ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Lama Guanicoe ◽  
South American Camelids

AbstractThe guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is the major inhabitant and the largest wild artiodactyl in Patagonia. The introduction of invasive species into its ecological niche poses ecological risks, since invasive species may introduce harmful parasites to this native species. In this work, filariform larvae of the Nematodirus genus were found in feces of guanacos from the Perito Moreno National Park in Argentina. All species were characterized according to morphological features and molecular analyses using ribosomal DNA (rDNA). For the molecular analysis, rDNA fragments were amplified by PCR and then sequenced. The results of the BLASTN comparison threw a 99 % of identity with Nematodirus spathiger and 97 % with N. helvetianus, suggesting that N. spathiger is the infecting parasite. Nematodirus spathiger together with N. filicollis and N. battus causes diarrhea and deaths in sheep and, in some cases, in South American camelids. The availability of more accurate diagnostic methods such as PCR could improve the control measures for gastrointestinal helminthiasis.

scholarly journals Understanding the Tourists’ Perspective of Sustainability in Cultural Tourist Destinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8846
Author(s):  
Begüm Aydın ◽  
Maria D. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
Definition Of

Considering the tourists’ viewpoint when creating a sustainable destination is crucial since marketing may be the driving force behind many sustainability initiatives. However, most of the literature has followed a supply-based perspective, ignoring the way that tourists view sustainability attributes. Therefore, this research attempts to address this gap in the literature by analyzing tourists’ perceptions concerning sustainability attributes in tourist destinations. This research aims to determine which of these traits are seen as most important by the tourists and to ascertain their willingness to pay for these aspects. The study is quantitative, based on an online questionnaire administered to Turkish cultural tourists. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are used to obtain insights into how tourists consider sustainability aspects in tourist destinations. Thus, this research concludes that tourists view sustainability from a more varied perspective than that embraced by the classic definition of the concept, which comprises economic, environmental and socio-cultural dimensions. The findings of the study also determine that tourists favor sustainability attributes that are instrumental in enhancing their own tourist experiences. This information may be useful for destinations, providing guidance about how to market sustainable tourist destinations and encourage responsible tourism choices.

scholarly journals Invasive ants reduce nesting success of an endangered Hawaiian yellow-faced bee, Hylaeus anthracinus

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Sheldon Plentovich ◽  
Jason R. Graham ◽  
William P. Haines ◽  
Cynthia B. A. King
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Invasive Ants ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Vulnerability ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
Ant Control

Hawaii has a single group of native bees belonging to the genus Hylaeus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) and known collectively as Hawaiian yellow-faced bees. The majority of the 63 species have experienced significant declines in range and population. In 2016, seven species received federal protection under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Competitors and predators, such as invasive bees, wasps and ants, are thought to be important drivers of range reductions and population declines, especially at lower elevations where more non-native species occur. We evaluated the effects of invasive ants on nesting Hylaeus anthracinus using artificial nest blocks that allowed us to track nest construction and development. The blocks were placed in pairs at 22 points encompassing three sites on the north and east sides of Oahu. One block in each pair was treated with a sticky barrier to prevent access by ants, while the other block remained untreated. From December 2015 to December 2016, we monitored 961 individual nests in the blocks. Seventy percent of nests in control blocks were invaded by ants. Nests in treated blocks were more likely to produce at least one adult than nests in untreated blocks (38% vs. 14%, respectively). In untreated blocks, ants were the most common cause of nest mortality followed by lack of development, displacement (primarily by the competitor Pachodynerus nasidens) and presumed pathogens. The invasive ant, Ochetellus glaber was the only observed nest predator, although the big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala was also present. Hylaeus anthracinus inhabits coastal strand habitat which occurs in a narrow band just above the high tide line. Nests at one site were destroyed due to a high wave event, highlighting this species’ vulnerability to sea level rise. Additionally, no adult bees or nests were observed at the points where yellow crazy ants, Anoplolepis gracilipes were established. An increased understanding of the factors limiting Hawaii’s yellow-faced bees will provide information for future conservation efforts that may include landscape-scale ant control, habitat restoration and translocations.

scholarly journals Island Invasions by Introduced Honey Bees: What Can Be Expected for Puerto Rico and the Caribbean?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Tropical Islands ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Effective Pollinators

Apis species are a major component of pollinator faunas in their native and introduced habitats. A widespread concern is that non-native Apis mellifera may have negative effects on native pollinators and on plant reproduction. This is based on the assumptions that natural communities are at capacity, resource competition structures communities, native pollinators are more effective pollinators of native species, yet A. mellifera are superior competitors. The latter two assumptions are often true, but evidence from the Neotropics indicates that tropical communities are not tightly structured, and the foraging flexibilities of native bees maintain their populations. However, the less diverse and disharmonic biotas of islands may limit the buffering capacity of flexible behaviors. While few studies address these assumptions or the ecological and evolutionary consequences of A. mellifera to the flora and fauna of tropical islands, an accumulation of taxon-specific studies are suggesting that such effects run the spectrum from subtle and indirect to obvious and direct. A concerted research effort is needed to address the multitude of issues to develop strategies to ameliorate or enhance honey bee effects, or just let nature take its course.

scholarly journals Insect flower visitors of planted native species within the arable landscape on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska G. Schmidlin ◽  
Jon J. Sullivan ◽  
Mike H. Bowie ◽  
Brad G. Howlett
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Crop Pollination ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Exotic Vegetation ◽  
Almost All

Almost all of the original native vegetation of Canterbury Plains has been replaced with an arable landscape of managed exotic vegetation. A previous study planted small areas of native trees on arable farms in 2013 to enhance the abundance and diversity of beneficial insect crop pollinators. The aim of the current study was to assess insect flower visitation at three sites in the fifth year after planting. Weekly standardised surveys of native flower visitors were conducted between September 2017 and February 2018. A total of 2349 insects from 37 taxa were observed within three native plantings. Native bees (Lasioglossum sordidum 20%) and the honey bee, Apis mellifera (19%), were the most common followed by the large hoverfly, Melangyna novaezelandiae (16%). The calliphorid flies, brown blowfly Calliphora stygia (8%) and blue blowfly Calliphora vicina (6%), were also well represented. The most abundant insects visited four or more of the eight study plant species. Most (52%) of the flower visitors where natives. Many of these insects are known crop pollinators and it is likely that they assist with crop pollination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Native and Nonnative Ornamentals as Pollinator Plants in Florida: I. Floral Abundance and Insect Visitation

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Heather Kalaman ◽  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Rachel E. Mallinger ◽  
Gary W. Knox ◽  
Edzard van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Nonnative Species ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Carpenter Bees ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Flower Visiting

Diverse floral resources impart immense value for pollinating insects of all types. With increasing popularity and demand for modern ornamental hybrids, cultivation by breeders has led to selection for a suite of traits such as extended bloom periods and novel colors and forms deemed attractive to the human eye. Largely understudied is pollinator preference for these new cultivars, as compared with their native congeners. To address this gap in understanding, 10 species of popular herbaceous flowering plants, commonly labeled as pollinator-friendly, were evaluated at two sites in Florida [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) cold hardiness zones 8b and 9a] and across three seasons for their floral abundance and overall attractiveness to different groups of pollinating insects. Each genus, apart from pentas, encompassed a native and nonnative species. Native species included blanket flower (Gaillardia pulchella), lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata), pineland lantana (Lantana depressa), and scarlet sage (Salvia coccinea). Nonnative species included Barbican™ yellow-red ring blanket flower (G. aristata ‘Gaiz005’), Bloomify™ rose lantana (L. camara ‘UF-1011-2’), mysty salvia (S. longispicata ×farinacea ‘Balsalmysty’), Lucky Star® dark red pentas (Pentas lanceolata ‘PAS1231189’), ruby glow pentas (P. lanceolata ‘Ruby glow’) and Uptick™ Gold & Bronze coreopsis (Coreopsis × ‘Baluptgonz’). Flower-visiting insects were recorded during five-minute intervals in the morning and categorized into the following morpho-groups: honey bees, large-bodied bees (bumble and carpenter bees), other bees (small to medium-bodied native bees), butterflies/moths, and wasps. Floral abundance and pollinator visitation varied widely by season, location, and species. Of the plant species evaluated, nonnative plants produced nearly twice as many flowers as native plants. About 22,000 floral visitations were observed. The majority of visits were by native, small to medium-bodied bees (55.28%), followed by butterflies and moths (15.4%), large-bodied native bees (11.8%), wasps (10.0%), and honey bees (7.6%). Among plant genera, both native and nonnative coreopsis and blanket flower were most attractive to native, small to medium-bodied bees (e.g., sweat bees, leafcutter bees) with the greatest number of visitations occurring during the early and midmonths of the study (May–August). Across the study, butterflies and moths visited lantana more frequently than all other ornamentals evaluated, whereas pentas were most attractive to wasps. Large-bodied bees visited plants most frequently in May and June, primarily foraging from both native and nonnative salvia. While results from this study showed nominal differences between native and nonnative species in their ability to attract the studied pollinator groups, care should be taken to making similar assessments of other modern plant types.

scholarly journals Entomofauna and potential pollinators of strawberry crop under semi-hydroponic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
Bruna Piovesan ◽  
Aline C Padilha ◽  
Marcos Botton ◽  
Moisés João Zotti
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

ABSTRACT Strawberry cultivation under semi-hydroponic conditions has increased in the Southern region of Brazil since it facilitates management, besides avoiding weather adversities, pests and diseases. However, protected environment can hamper the access of pollinator insects, essential for crop productivity. This work aimed to know the entomofauna associated with strawberry cultivar Albion cultivated under semi-hydroponic conditions and to identify potential species of native pollinating bees. Insects were captured at different times of the day (9:30 a.m., 12:30 p.m. and 3:30 p.m.) in three commercial crops located in Bento Gonçalves and Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul. In each study area, three days of sampling were carried out during January 2017. The flowers were visited by 47 species of insects. Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was the most abundant, constant, dominant and frequent species. Twelve species of native bees were identified: Tetragonisca fiebrigi, Tetrapedia sp., Trigona spinipes, Schwarziana quadripunctata, Plebeia emerina, P. remota, Bombus pauloensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Dialictus sp.1, Dialictus sp.2, Augochloropsis sp.1, Augochloropsis sp.2, and Augochlora sp.1 (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). All these species are potential pollinators of the crop. The native species T. fiebrigi, P. emerina and P. remota present potential for directed pollination of the strawberry under protected cultivation due to abundance and ease of management.

scholarly journals German Marathon Runners’ Opinions on and Willingness to Pay for Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10337
Author(s):  
Thomas Könecke ◽  
Holger Schunk ◽  
Tabea Schappel ◽  
Ine Hugaerts ◽  
Fabio Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Managerial Implications

Research on sustainability and/in sport and, specifically, on the ecological aspects of participatory sporting events is still very scarce despite the recognition these topics have received by actors like, for instance, the European Commission and the United Nations. Against this backdrop, this paper sheds light on a field that is virtually uncharted in academic research, which is the environmental attitudes and willingness to pay for environmental sustainability of participants in participatory sporting events in Europe. In collaboration with the organizer of the Frankfurt Marathon, a study was conducted with a specific focus on German (speaking) marathon runners. In total 1764 data sets were collected with a German (1455 respondents) and an English (309 respondents) online questionnaire. Very insightful descriptive analyses showed that the awareness for the issue of sustainability and sport is still low and that ecological initiatives only have a medium influence on the evaluation of a marathon event. Nevertheless, particularly the German-speaking respondents indicated a high willingness to pay for environmental sustainability in general and for specific measures that can enhance the environmental friendliness of a marathon event, in particular. As will be discussed in the paper, these insights have important managerial implications and are a valuable basis for further research in this evolving field.

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