scholarly journals Empirical Evidence of Changing Food Demand and Consumer Preferences in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-501
Author(s):  
Vardges Hovhannisyan ◽  
Magdana Kondaridze ◽  
Christopher Bastian ◽  
Aleksan Shanoyan
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Consumer Theory ◽  
Preference Change ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Empirical Framework

AbstractWe investigate food preference changes in Russia that may have resulted from political, economic, and other changes. Our empirical framework utilizes advances in consumer theory and exploits provincial-level panel data on food consumption and supply shifters to identify price and income effects. Our findings indicate that consumers underwent a structural preference change that began in 2007 and continued into 2014. To illustrate the magnitude of this change, we contrast economic effects for select food commodities across regions. The new insights will be useful in designing timely and effective food and trade policies, as well as informing strategy decisions of agribusiness industry players.

CONSUMPTION, LEISURE, AND MONEY

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Apostolos Serletis ◽  
Libo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Regime Switching ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Systems Of Equations ◽  
Real Money ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Weak Separability ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Made In ◽  
Quantitative Importance

This paper takes a parametric approach to demand analysis and tests the weak separability assumptions that are often implicitly made in representative agent models of modern macroeconomics. The approach allows estimation and testing in a systems-of-equations context, using the minflex Laurent flexible functional form for the underlying utility function and relaxing the assumption of fixed consumer preferences by assuming Markov regime switching. We generate inference consistent with both theoretical and econometric regularity. We strongly reject weak separability of consumption and leisure from real money balances as well as weak separability of consumption from leisure and real money balances, meaning that the inclusion of a money in economic models would be of quantitative importance. We also investigate the substitutability/complementarity relationship among different categories of personal consumption expenditure (nondurables, durables, and services), leisure, and money. We find that the goods are net Morishima substitutes, but because of positive income effects they are gross complements. The implications for monetary policy are also briefly discussed.

An Assessment of the Economic Effects of the Menu of U.S. Trade Policies

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Kiyota ◽  
Robert M Stern
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
The U.S

The Michigan Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model of World Production and Trade is used to calculate the aggregate welfare and sectoral employment effects of the menu of U.S. trade policies. The menu of policies encompasses the various preferential U.S. bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) negotiated and in process, unilateral removal of existing trade barriers, and global (multilateral) free trade. The welfare impacts of the FTAs on the United States are shown to be rather small in absolute and relative terms. The sectoral employment effects are also generally small but vary across the individual sectors depending on the patterns of the bilateral liberalization. The welfare effects on the FTA partner countries are mostly positive though generally small, but there are some indications of potentially disruptive employment shifts in some partner countries. There are indications of trade diversion and detrimental welfare effects on nonmember countries for some of the FTAs analyzed. In comparison to the welfare gains from the U.S. FTAs, the gains from both unilateral trade liberalization by the United States and the FTA partners and from global (multilateral) free trade are shown to be rather substantial and more uniformly positive for all countries in the global trading system. The U.S. FTAs are based on “hub” and “spoke” arrangements. It is shown that the spokes emanate out in different and often overlapping directions, suggesting that the complex of bilateral FTAs may create distortions of the global trading system, which could be avoided if multilateral liberalization in the context of the Doha Round were to be carried out. Kozo Kiyota is Associate Professor of International Economics in the Faculty of Business Administration, Yokohama National University. He is also a Research Fellow at the Manufacturing Management Research Center (MMRC), the University of Tokyo and a Faculty Fellow at the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI). He received his Ph.D. from Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. His research focuses on empirical microeconomics. He has published articles in the International Journal of Industrial Organization, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, and The World Economy. Robert M. Stern is Professor of Economics and Public Policy (Emeritus) in the Department of Economics and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan.

scholarly journals Accounting for Changing Tastes: Approaches to Explaining Unstable Individual Preferences

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Consumer Theory ◽  
Preference Change ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
New Consumer

AbstractStandard economic theory assumes individual preferences to be fixed and exogenously given. This view has been challenged by numerous empirical observations. In reaction to those challenges, economic theory has been modified, mostly by including additional arguments into individuals’ utility functions. Among the approaches that tackle preference change are new consumer theory, habit formation, interdependent and status preferences, social and emotional influences, and reference point-dependent preferences. Hence, while standard economics largely abide by their assumption of stable preferences, an array of alternative approaches is now available to account for changing tastes. Some of these approaches are old and have been discussed in the literature for many decades while others are younger. However, all approaches have in common that they, in some cases surprisingly, have not made it to standard microeconomics textbooks. This survey aims at putting the approaches in perspective. For each of them, empirical evidence as well as methodological issues are discussed.

scholarly journals Research in Consumer Preferences Selecting the Services of Wellness-Fitness Centres in Kaunas

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (89) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Tamulienė
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Political Economic

Research background and hypothesis. Competition among wellness-fitness centre companies is quite high. Each company which provides services to sport, in order to effectively carry out its activities, must take into account not only the political, economic, social, cultural, technological environment to follow current and potential competitors and their actions, but also consumer needs and priorities in selecting services. In addition, wellness-fitness centre managers must know the key criteria of consumer choice, especially when preparing strategic marketing plans for future company activities. Hypothesis – the most important keys of consumers selecting fitness centres services are geographic location, the quality of services and price. Research aim was to determine consumer preferences in selecting fitness and wellness services at the largest health centres in Kaunas. Research methods. The methods of quantitative questionnaire survey and observation were used, as well as the comparison of the conducted research findings with Euro barometer (2009), “Rait” (2007), KTU representatives investigating  the  customers  in  “Impuls”  sports  and  entertainment  parks  (2009),  Lithuanian  Union  of  Sports Federations (LSFS) in 2010.The questionnaire survey was conducted in March-April of 2011. A random probability sampling method was used with visitors (n = 170) from four largest wellness-fitness centres in Kaunas and the e-version of the questionnaire was uploaded into the social network profiles of wellness-fitness centres. The data were analysed and processed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 17.0 version).Research results. Results of the present research allow concluding that respondents’ opinions concerning the following service assessment of wellness-fitness centres in Kaunas were very scattered and very unequal (standard deviation of the motivator assessment >1). However, only one provided service coincided. It was the service of sauna and sauna area (standard deviation of the motivator assessment = 0.996 < 1). The research hypothesis was proved partially. Discussion and conclusions. Having executed the research it was determined that there were very versatile consumer priorities in selecting the service provided by wellness-fitness centres in Kaunas and it was impossible to distinguish predominant ones proving that wellness-fitness centres had to focus on the personalized service packages and modern information technologies for the customer relationship management.Keywords: consuming sports services, companies of sports services, package of services.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PRODUCT DUMPING ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN IRAQ (2009-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadhban & Jbara
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Export Price ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Food Commodities

The aim of this work was to check the presence of the dumping from neighboring countries of Iraq, Turkey and Jordan. The margin of dumping was calculated by taking the difference between the normal value and the export price. If it exceeds 2%, then there is dumping. Product dumping in Iraq has increased since 2003, and it is increasing from year to year for many types of agricultural and food commodities. Main reasons are the high rate of imports and the absence of trade policies represented by customs tariffs which in turn control the trade exchange. The research concluded that there is an intentional dumping in the trade of some agricultural commodities with Iraq from neighboring countries. Trade exchange with these countries has negative effects on the domestic product.  

A National Vocation

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Owain Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Environmental Determinism ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
Bourgeois Culture ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Governing Institutions

Abstract This article writes engineers into the history of Lebanese political-economic thought. Historians of Lebanon's postindependence period have emphasized how a narrow, elite “consortium” espoused a national ideology that authorized laissez-faire monetary and trade policies. These intellectuals and businessmen invoked environmental determinism to claim that trade, tourism, and services were Lebanon's national vocation. This article reveals that engineers formed an influential and underexamined countercurrent advocating statist developmentalism. Engineer-bureaucrats saw the postindependence era as an opportunity to claim their profession's status and redefine bourgeois culture and its relationship to governing institutions according to their conceptions of modernity. By reinterpreting the consortium's environmental narrative of Lebanese history, the hydrological engineer Ibrahim Abd-El-Al portrayed rational development of water resources and agriculture as an organic expression of national identity. These efforts cultivated a critical and technically literate reading public that favored statism and shaped how that public understood their national subjectivity and relationship to the natural world.

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