The book lungs of Scorpiones and Tetrapulmonata (Chelicerata, Arachnida): Evidence for homology and a single terrestrialisation event of a common arachnid ancestor

Zoology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Scholtz ◽  
Carsten Kamenz
Keyword(s):  
Book Lungs

OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR AND THE EGG OF ACROCERA ORBICULA (FAB.) (DIPTERA: ACROCERIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-96
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Ralley
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Book Lungs ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Internal Parasites

The larvae of all known species of Acroceridae are internal parasites of spiders (Araneae) and recently (Sferra 1986), first-instar larvae have been described from mites (Acari). The eggs usually are laid in close proximity to their hosts, and the first-instar larvae (planidia) wait for, or actively seek, a host. Once a host is found, the larvae burrow through the spider's integument and attach to the book lungs where they remain in diapause for several months. The consecutive larval instars occur rapidly, during which time the larva consumes most of the liquid contents of the host. The larvae emerge posteriorly from the host, attach to the spider silk for pupation, and adults emerge in 7–10 days. Acrocerid biology was most recently reviewed by Schlinger (1969, 1981).

Book-lungs in a Lower Carboniferous scorpion

Nature ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 343 (6256) ◽  
pp. 360-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Jeram
Keyword(s):  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Book Lungs

The ultrastructure of the book lungs of the Italian trap-door spider Cteniza sp. (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Brunelli ◽  
Pierluigi Rizzo ◽  
Antonello Guardia ◽  
Francesca Coscarelli ◽  
Settimio Sesti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trap Door ◽  
Book Lungs

scholarly journals Sequence Capture Phylogenomics of True Spiders Reveals Convergent Evolution of Respiratory Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín J Ramírez ◽  
Ivan L F Magalhaes ◽  
Shahan Derkarabetian ◽  
Joel Ledford ◽  
Charles E Griswold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Character Evolution ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Spider Web ◽  
Book Lungs ◽  
Character System ◽  
Silk Glands ◽  
Genomic Scale ◽  
Respiratory Systems ◽  
Web Building

Abstract The common ancestor of spiders likely used silk to line burrows or make simple webs, with specialized spinning organs and aerial webs originating with the evolution of the megadiverse “true spiders” (Araneomorphae). The base of the araneomorph tree also concentrates the greatest number of changes in respiratory structures, a character system whose evolution is still poorly understood, and that might be related to the evolution of silk glands. Emphasizing a dense sampling of multiple araneomorph lineages where tracheal systems likely originated, we gathered genomic-scale data and reconstructed a phylogeny of true spiders. This robust phylogenomic framework was used to conduct maximum likelihood and Bayesian character evolution analyses for respiratory systems, silk glands, and aerial webs, based on a combination of original and published data. Our results indicate that in true spiders, posterior book lungs were transformed into morphologically similar tracheal systems six times independently, after the evolution of novel silk gland systems and the origin of aerial webs. From these comparative data, we put forth a novel hypothesis that early-diverging web-building spiders were faced with new energetic demands for spinning, which prompted the evolution of similar tracheal systems via convergence; we also propose tests of predictions derived from this hypothesis.[Book lungs; discrete character evolution; respiratory systems; silk; spider web evolution; ultraconserved elements.]

Scaling of subunit structures in book lungs of spiders (Araneae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Anderson ◽  
Kenneth N. Prestwich
Keyword(s):  
Book Lungs

Heavy metal—A contrasting substance for micro-tomographical visualization of scorpion book lungs

Micron ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Kamenz ◽  
Gerd Weidemann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Book Lungs

scholarly journals Microanatomy of Early Devonian book lungs

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Kamenz ◽  
Jason A Dunlop ◽  
Gerhard Scholtz ◽  
Hans Kerp ◽  
Hagen Hass
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
Book Lungs ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive

The book lungs of an exceptionally preserved fossil arachnid (Trigonotarbida) from the Early Devonian (approx. 410 Myr ago) Rhynie cherts of Scotland were studied using a non-destructive imaging technique. Our three-dimensional modelling of fine structures, based on assembling successive images made at different focal planes through the translucent chert matrix, revealed for the first time fossil trabeculae: tiny cuticular pillars separating adjacent lung lamellae and creating a permanent air space. Trabeculae thus show unequivocally that trigonotarbids were fully terrestrial and that the microanatomy of the earliest known lungs is indistinguishable from that in modern Arachnida. A recurrent controversy in arachnid evolution is whether the similarity between the book lungs of Pantetrapulmonata (i.e. spiders, trigonotarbids, etc.) and those of scorpions is a result of convergence. Drawing on comparative studies of extant taxa, we have identified explicit characters (trabeculae, spines on the lamellar edge) shared by living and fossil arachnid respiratory organs, which support the hypothesis that book lungs were derived from a single, common, presumably terrestrial, ancestor.

The evolution of air-breathing respiratory faculties in invertebrates

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Steven F. Perry ◽  
Markus Lambertz ◽  
Anke Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Book Lungs ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Interesting Correlation ◽  
Respiratory Proteins

This chapter aims at piecing together the evolution of air breathing in invertebrates, the main conclusion here being that it evolved independently several times. In molluscs alone, air breathing has evolved several times, but almost exclusively among snails. Among crustaceans, several groups of crabs have also independently developed terrestrial representatives and transitional stages, particularly in the control of breathing, are evident. Analysis of insects shows few recognizable evolutionary progressions: air sacs and different stigmatal closure mechanisms have appeared and disappeared numerous times, even within closely related groups. But other tracheate groups such as myriapods show an interesting correlation between the presence of tracheal lungs, which end in an open circulatory system, and tracheae that invade the tissue as in insects, and the presence or reduction of respiratory proteins. In arachnids a similar tendency is seen, and the most interesting developments were the (partial) replacement of a ‘perfectly good’ air-breathing organ (book lungs) by another one (tracheae).

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