Book-lungs in a Lower Carboniferous scorpion

Nature ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 343 (6256) ◽  
pp. 360-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Jeram
Keyword(s):  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Book Lungs

Palaeophysiology of terrestrialisation in the Chelicerata

1989 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Selden ◽  
Andrew J. Jeram
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Book Lungs ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Continuous Record

ABSTRACTThe wide range of organs of respiration (book-gills, book-lungs, sieve- and tube-tracheae), reproduction, sensory perception, etc., among the chelicerates indicates that the major groups made the transition to land life independently. The fossil record is patchy for most chelicerate groups, certain intervals (e.g. Westphalian) being particularly rich in chelicerate bearing Lagerstatten while in others (e.g. Mesozoic) they are sparse. Due, apparently, to their unusual hyaline exocuticle, scorpions are better preserved than other arthropods, and show a fairly continuous record from fully aquatic forms in the Silurian, to both aquatic and terrestrial faunas in the Carboniferous. In particular, new and well-preserved material of the earliest demonstrably terrestrial scorpions from the Lower Carboniferous of East Kirkton, West Lothian, suggests that book-lungs, at least in the scorpions, developed directly from book-gills by suturing of the covering plate (Blattfuss of the related eurypterids) to leave stigmata for diffusion of air. This evidence supports the ideas of early authors that the scorpion mesosomal ‘sternites’ are fused plates, contra Kjellesvig-Waering (1986) who envisaged the plates being lost to reveal true sternites beneath. The fossil evidence also indicates that by the Triassic at least two scorpion lineages had evolved intra-‘sternite’ stigmata.

Lithostratigraphy of the Kweekvlei Formation (Witteberg Group), Cape Supergroup

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Browning ◽  
M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Fossil Assemblage ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Storm Wave

AbstractThe Lower Carboniferous, probably Tournaisian, Kweekvlei Formation is part of the Witteberg Group (Cape Supergroup) of South Africa. Together with the overlying Floriskraal Formation, it forms an upward-coarsening succession within the Lake Mentz Subgroup. Sedimentary features of the Kweekvlei Formation suggest deposition in a storm-wave dominated marine setting, within the storm-influenced, distal part of an offshore transition zone environment. This predominantly argillaceous formation preserves a low diversity trace fossil assemblage. Reworked vascular plant debris (including the problematic genus Praeramunculus sp.) and a shark spine have been reported for the Kweekvlei Formation. There are no known stratigraphic equivalents in South Africa.

The Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) in northeast Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and a re-evaluation of the Billefjorden Group

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Scheibner ◽  
Christoph Hartkopf-Fröder ◽  
Dierk Blomeier ◽  
Holger Forke
Keyword(s):  
Lower Carboniferous

scholarly journals II.—Description of a Fossil Shark (Ctenacanthus costellatus) from the Lower Carboniferous Rocks of Eskdale, Dumfriesshire

1884 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Traquair
Keyword(s):  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
General Organization

The deficiency of our knowledge of the organization and configuration of the Palaeozoic Selachii is an unfortunate fact too well known to biologists to render it necessary for me to dilate upon here. Immense numbers of genera and species have been founded upon detached teeth and spines; but as yet very few specimens have occurred, which threw any light upon the general organization and configuration of the ancient possessors of these now scattered relics.

Planalvus (Brachiopoda, Athyridida) from the Lower Devonian of the Armorican Massif, northwest France

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Racheboeuf ◽  
Paul Copper ◽  
Fernando Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Armorican Massif ◽  
A New Species

Cryptonella? cailliaudi Barrois, 1889, from the Lower Devonian of the Armorican Massif, is tentatively assigned to the athyridid brachiopod genus Planalvus Carter, thus far known only from the Lower Carboniferous of eastern North America. In addition, a new species, Planalvus rufus, is described from the Bois-Roux Formation (Pragian) of Brittany, France. These French species are small brachiopods with complex spiralial and jugal structures, which permit assignment to the order Athyridida.

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