scholarly journals Addition of N-glycosylation sites on the globular head of the H5 hemagglutinin induces the escape of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses from vaccine-induced immunity

Virology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Louis Hervé ◽  
Valérie Lorin ◽  
Grégory Jouvion ◽  
Bruno Da Costa ◽  
Nicolas Escriou
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
Globular Head

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of antibody recognition in convalescent humans from highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Zuo ◽  
Jianfeng Sun ◽  
Guiqin Wang ◽  
Liwei Jiang ◽  
Yanan Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
H5n1 Infection ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Globular Head

Abstract Understanding the mechanism of protective antibody recognition against highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1 in humans is critical for the development of effective therapies and vaccines. Here we report the crystal structure of three H5-specific human monoclonal antibodies bound to the globular head of hemagglutinin (HA) with distinct epitope specificities, neutralization potencies and breadth. A structural and functional analysis of these epitopes combined with those reported elsewhere identifies four major vulnerable sites on the globular head of H5N1 HA. Chimeric and vulnerable site-specific mutant pseudoviruses are generated to delineate broad neutralization specificities of convalescent sera from two individuals who recovered from the infection with H5N1 virus. Our results show that the four vulnerable sites on the globular head rather than the stem region are the major neutralizing targets, suggesting that during natural H5N1 infection neutralizing antibodies against the globular head work in concert to provide protective antibody-mediated immunity.

scholarly journals First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Madslien ◽  
Torfinn Moldal ◽  
Britt Gjerset ◽  
Sveinn Gudmundsson ◽  
Arne Follestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Poultry Farms

Abstract Background Several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A virus of subtype H5N8 have been reported in wild birds and poultry in Europe during autumn 2020. Norway is one of the few countries in Europe that had not previously detected HPAI virus, despite widespread active monitoring of both domestic and wild birds since 2005. Results We report detection of HPAI virus subtype H5N8 in a wild pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), and several other geese, ducks and a gull, from south-western Norway in November and December 2020. Despite previous reports of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), this constitutes the first detections of HPAI in Norway. Conclusions The mode of introduction is unclear, but a northward migration of infected geese or gulls from Denmark or the Netherlands during the autumn of 2020 is currently our main hypothesis for the introduction of HPAI to Norway. The presence of HPAI in wild birds constitutes a new, and ongoing, threat to the Norwegian poultry industry, and compliance with the improved biosecurity measures on poultry farms should therefore be ensured. [MK1]Finally, although HPAI of subtype H5N8 has been reported to have very low zoonotic potential, this is a reminder that HPAI with greater zoonotic potential in wild birds may pose a threat in the future. [MK1]Updated with a sentence emphasizing the risk HPAI pose to poultry farms, both in the Abstract and in the Conclusion-section in main text, as suggested by Reviewer 1 (#7).

scholarly journals Unusually High Mortality in Waterfowl Caused by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Haider ◽  
K. Sturm-Ramirez ◽  
S. U. Khan ◽  
M. Z. Rahman ◽  
S. Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

scholarly journals Pathologic Changes in Wild Birds Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses, South Korea, 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Ryoung Kim ◽  
Yong-Kuk Kwon ◽  
Il Jang ◽  
Youn-Jeong Lee ◽  
Hyun-Mi Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

scholarly journals Biological characterisation of the emerged highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H7N9) viruses in humans, in mainland China, 2016 to 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfei Zhu ◽  
Jianfang Zhou ◽  
Zi Li ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Xiyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Binding Preference ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Epidemic Wave

With no or low virulence in poultry, avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has caused severe infections in humans. In the current fifth epidemic wave, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus emerged. The insertion of four amino acids (KRTA) at the haemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site enabled trypsin-independent infectivity of this virus. Although maintaining dual receptor-binding preference, its HA antigenicity was distinct from low-pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9). The neuraminidase substitution R292K conferred a multidrug resistance phenotype.

scholarly journals Infection Risk for Persons Exposed to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5 Virus–Infected Birds, United States, December 2014–March 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2135-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen S. Arriola ◽  
Deborah I. Nelson ◽  
Thomas J. Deliberto ◽  
Lenee Blanton ◽  
Krista Kniss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

scholarly journals Protection and Virus Shedding of Falcons Vaccinated against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus (H5N1)

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lierz ◽  
Hafez M. Hafez ◽  
Robert Klopfleisch ◽  
Dörte Lüschow ◽  
Christine Prusas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Virus H5n1 ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus

scholarly journals Genetically Divergent Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses in Wild Birds, Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2940-2943
Author(s):  
Guimei He ◽  
Le Ming ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yuhe Song ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

scholarly journals A28 Spatial spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) virus in Italy, 2017–8

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zecchin ◽  
A Fusaro ◽  
G Zamperin ◽  
A Milani ◽  
A Schivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Wild Duck ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Domestic Birds

Abstract In winter 2016–7 the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, H5N8 subtype, clade 2.3.4.4 group B, circulated extensively both in wild and domestic birds in Europe. Northern Italy was hit by three epidemic waves: the first in January–May 2017, the second in July–December 2017, and the latest in March 2018. To genetically characterize the viruses circulating in Italy we used the Illumina MiSeq platform to sequence the complete genome of representative viruses from each infected farm, for a total of 86 cases in poultry and 17 in wild birds. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses performed using PhyML version 3.1 identified multiple viral introductions of distinct genotypes of HPAI H5N8 viruses in Italy at the beginning of the epidemic (January–February 2017). During the second epidemic wave a single genetic group originating from the virus A/wild duck/Poland/82A/2016 seemed to have been selected, further evolving into two different clusters, namely Italy-A and Italy-B. We identified four clusters of secondary outbreaks, the largest being the epidemic in the province of Brescia between October 2017 and March 2018, which had affected 26 farms. Evolutionary and phylogeographic analyses performed with the BEAST v1.8.4 package (applying a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approach, using a constant size coalescent tree prior and a SRD06 model of nucleotide substitution) indicated that different viral introductions had probably occurred through migratory birds from West Russia, Siberia, Central and East Europe. The discrete and continuous phylogeographic analyses showed that group Italy-A had probably emerged between February and April 2017 in the province of Mantua and had then spread eastwards, circulating in the Veneto region and eastern Lombardy; on the contrary, Italy-B had arisen between March and July 2017 in the central part of Lombardy and had spread westwards, circulating in the western part of Lombardy, Emilia Romagna, and Piedmont regions. This study was instrumental to reconstruct the virus dissemination routes and indicated that wild and domestic birds from Lombardy most likely represented the key source for the re-emergence and spread of the HPAI virus during the second and the third epidemic waves. This key spatial information will help to define appropriate disease control strategies.

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