Parking permits management and optimal parking supply considering traffic emission cost

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xiaoning Zhang ◽  
H.M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Parking Permits

Solid Phase Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy for In-Situ Chemical Analysis of Combustion Aerosols

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Mahamuni ◽  
Jiayang He ◽  
Jay Rutherford ◽  
Byron Ockerman ◽  
Edmund Seto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Excitation Emission Matrix ◽  
Internal Excitation

<p>Exposure to combustion generated aerosols such as PM from residential woodburning, forest fires, cigarette smoke, and traffic emission have been linked to adverse health outcomes. It is important to assess the chemical composition of PM to examine personal exposure. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy has been shown as a sensitive and cost-effective technique for evaluation of combustion PM composition and as a source apportionment tool. However, EEM measurements are hindered by a solvent extraction step and a need for benchtop instrumentation. Here, we present a methodology that eliminates this labor-intensive sample preparation and allows to automate and miniaturize the detection platform. A miniature electrostatic collector deposits PM sample onto transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated substrate, where PAH components are extracted into solid-phase (SP) solvent and analyzed using EEM spectroscopy in-situ. We evaluated external and internal excitation schemes to optimized signal to noise ratio. Analysis of woodsmoke and cigarette smoke samples showed good agreement with liquid extraction EEM spectra. Internal excitation is hindered by fluorescent interference from PDMS at λ<250nm. The external excitation EEM spectra are dependent on the incident angle; ranges of 30-40⁰ and 55-65⁰ showed the best results. The proposed SP-EEM technique can be used for development of miniaturized sensors for chemical analysis of combustion generated PM. </p>

Effect of transport measures and curfew against COVID-19 spread on air pollution (TSP) in Ecuador’s three most populous cities

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
State Level ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Total Suspended Particulates ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Future Consequences

Although current circumstances pose challenges to foretelling the future consequences of coronavirus spread, we consider environmental load-related researches became more and more important nowadays perhaps as never before. Many experts believe that the increasingly dire public health emergency situation, policy makers and word leaders should make it possible that the COVID-19 outbreak contributes to a transition of sustainable consumption. With the purpose of contributing to rethink the importance of sustainability efforts, here we present total suspended particulates (TSP) results which represent traffic emission caused air pollution in the three most populous cities of Ecuador obtained before, during, and after the: (i) the traffic measures entered into force on state level; (ii) curfew entered into force on state level; (iii) and quarantine entered into force (in Guayaquil, and whole Guayas province). We documented significant decrease in TSP emissions (PM2.5 and PM10) compared to normal traffic operation obtained from some four lanes roads in Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca. The most remarkable fall in suspended particulate values (96.47% decrease in PM2.5) compared to emission observed before traffic measures occurred in Cuenca.

scholarly journals Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Metal Elements in PM2.5 in Central Liaoning’s Urban Agglomeration

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Guo ◽  
Liming Li ◽  
Xueyan Zhao ◽  
Baohui Yin ◽  
Yingying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Adults And Children

To better understand the source and health risk of metal elements in PM2.5, a field study was conducted from May to December 2018 in the central region of the Liaoning province, China, including the cities of Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Yingkou, Liaoyang, and Tieling. 24 metal elements (Na, K, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Fe, Ba, and Si) in PM2.5 were measured by ICP-MS and ICP-OES. They presented obvious seasonal variations, with the highest levels in winter and lowest in summer for all seven cities. The sum of 24 elements were ranged from to in these cities. The element mass concentration ratio was the highest in Yingkou in the spring (26.15%), and the lowest in Tieling in winter (3.63%). The highest values of elements in PM2.5 were mostly found in Anshan and Fushun among the studied cities. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) modelling revealed that coal combustion, industry, traffic emission, soil dust, biomass burning, and road dust were the main sources of measured elements in all cities except for Yingkou. In Yingkou, the primary sources were identified as coal combustion, metal smelting, traffic emission, soil dust, and sea salt. Health risk assessment suggested that Mn had non-carcinogenic risks for both adults and children. As for Cr, As, and Cd, there was carcinogenic risks for adults and children in most cities. This study provides a clearer understanding of the regional pollution status of industrial urban agglomeration.

scholarly journals Residential parking permits and parking supply

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos van Ommeren ◽  
Jesper de Groote ◽  
Giuliano Mingardo
Keyword(s):  
Parking Permits ◽  
Residential Parking

scholarly journals Carbonaceous aerosols contributed by traffic and solid fuel burning at a polluted rural site in Northwestern England

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1603-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liu ◽  
J. Allan ◽  
B. Corris ◽  
M. Flynn ◽  
E. Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Fuel Burning

Abstract. The experiment presented in this paper was conducted at the Holme Moss site, which is located in the southern Pennines region in Northwestern England during November–December 2006. The strong southwesterly wind during the experimental period, which enhanced the transport of urban pollutants from the conurbations of Greater Manchester and Liverpool, in addition to the seasonally increased nearby residential heating activities, made this site a receptor for pollutants from a range of sources. A factor analysis is applied to the mass spectra of organic matter (OM) measured by the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) to attribute the pollutant sources. Besides the oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), this site was found to contain a considerable fraction of primary organic aerosols (POA, mass fraction 50–70% within total mass of OM). The POA sources are attributed to be traffic emission and solid fuel burning, which are identified as hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and solid fuel organic aerosol (SFOA) respectively. There were strongly combined emissions of black carbon (BC) particles from both sources. The refractory BC component (rBC) was characterized by a single particle soot photometer. This site began to be influenced during the late morning by fresh traffic emissions, whereas solid fuel burning became dominant from late afternoon until night. A covariance analysis of rBC and POA was used to derive source specific emission factors of 1.61 μgHOA/μgrBC and 1.96 μgHOA/μgrBC. The absorbing properties of aerosols were characterized at multiple wavelengths (λ), and a stronger spectral dependence of absorption was observed when this site was significantly influenced by solid fuel burning. The rBC was estimated to contribute 3–16% of submicron aerosol mass. The single scattering albedo at λ = 700 nm (SSA700 nm) was significantly anti-correlated with the rBC mass fraction, but also associated with the BC mixing state. The BC incorporation/removal process therefore may play a role in modulating the radiative properties of aerosols at the site under the influence of fresh sources. Given that traffic and residential combustion of solid fuels are significant contributors of carbonaceous aerosols over Europe, these results provide important source-specific information on modeling the anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols.

Evaluation of the parking permits scheme for residents in Thessaloniki, Greece

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Mintsis ◽  
C Taxiltaris ◽  
S Basbas ◽  
Y Stathis
Keyword(s):  
Parking Permits

Modeling of the dispersion of motorway traffic emission for control purposes

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 598-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfréd Csikós ◽  
István Varga ◽  
Katalin M. Hangos
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Emission

Error assessment of traffic emission estimates using novel mobility datasets.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Gensheimer ◽  
Alexander J. Turner ◽  
Ankit Shekhar ◽  
Adrian Wenzel ◽  
Frank N. Keutsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Trace Gas Emissions ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Government Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread reductions in mobility and induced observable changes in the atmosphere. Recent work has employed novel mobility datasets as a proxy for trace gas emissions from traffic, yet there has been little work evaluating these emission numbers. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;We systematically compare mobility datasets from TomTom and Apple to traffic data from local governments in seven diverse urban and rural regions to characterize the magnitude of errors in emissions that result from using those mobility datasets as a proxy for traffic. We observe differences in excess of 60% between these mobility datasets and local traffic data, which result in large errors in emission estimates. These differences are in part driven by the usage of different baselines and the neglect of seasonality, but mainly they are caused by the individual representations of the datasets. The relationship varies strongly depending on time and region and therefore no general functional relationship between mobility data and traffic flow over all regions can be determined. Future work should be cautious when using these mobility metrics for emission estimates. Further, we use the local government data to identify actual emission reductions from traffic in the range of 7-22% in 2020 compared to 2019 for our study regions. Our full analysis is summarized in Gensheimer et al. (2020).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Gensheimer, J., Turner, A., Shekhar, A., Wenzel, A., &amp; Chen, J. (2020). What are different measures of mobility changes telling us about emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic? Earth and Space Science Open Archive, 11. Retrieved from doi: 10.1002/essoar.10504783.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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