Modification of the Education System for Organ Procurement Coordinators in Japan After the Revision of the Japanese Organ Transplantation Act

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Konaka ◽  
O. Kato ◽  
J. Ashikari ◽  
N. Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Education System ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Transplantation Act

scholarly journals The Legal Guideline for Organ Transplantation and Therapeutic Tissue Removal

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
KGM Rahman ◽  
MK Osman ◽  
S Mahmud ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Transplantation Act ◽  
Tissue Removal ◽  
Death Determination

Organ transplantations have caused profound changes in saving the life in current days. Also raised several questions in the legal and ethical ground.In this paper we discussed legal considerations, donation procedures, death determination, diagnosis of brain death and organ transplantation act of Bangladesh. Key words: Legal guideline; organ transplantation; therapeutic tissue removal. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6282 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 174-177

scholarly journals The Long Road from the Kidney Bazaar: A Commentary on Pakistan’s Progress Towards Self-sufficiency in Organ Transplantation

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Tourism ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Impact

The dark history of transplant tourism in Pakistan demonstrates the hazards of unregulated cross-border markets in human organs. Trading on existing national and international social inequities, ‘transplant tourism’ offers dubious benefits for transplant recipients and attractive profits to those facilitating the industry at the expense of the world’s poor. The impact of Pakistan’s 2007 Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissue Ordinance and the sustained efforts of transplant professionals and societal groups led by the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, show that organ trading can be effectively discouraged and equitable programs of organ procurement and transplantation pursued despite multiple challenges. In this paper, the factors that have contributed to Pakistan’s progress towards self-sufficiency in organ transplantation are identified and discussed. The case of Pakistan highlights the need for countries to protect their own organ and tissue providers who may be vulnerable in the global healthcare market. Pakistan provides an excellent example for other countries in the region and throughout the world to consider when regulating their own transplantation programs and considering the pursuit of national self-sufficiency.

Organ Transplantation: New Regulations to Alter Distribution of Organs

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Daniel Luke Geyser
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Human Services ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Health And Human Services ◽  
Legislative Action ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Final Rule ◽  
United Network

On December 17, 1999, President Clinton signed the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999, which instituted a 90-day comment period for the amended Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (“OPTN”) Final Rule (“Final Rule”), a comprehensive set of guidelines that would affect how organs are allocated throughout the country. Barring further legislative action, the Final Rule, which has been over five years in the making, will be effective on March 16,2000.The Final Rule, issued by the Department of Health and Human Services (‘‘DHHS”) pursuant to the National Organ Transplant Act, was originally publishedApril 2, 1998. It provided a number of substantive changes to the process through which organs are allocated by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), a private, non-profit organization charged with administering the national organ transplantation network.

scholarly journals Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury during Heart Transplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Vassalli ◽  
Giuseppina Milano ◽  
Tiziano Moccetti
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Mapk Activation ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

In solid organ transplantation, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury during organ procurement, storage and reperfusion is an unavoidable detrimental event for the graft, as it amplifies graft inflammation and rejection. Intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways regulate inflammation and cell survival during IR injury. The four best-characterized MAPK subfamilies are the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal- regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and big MAPK-1 (BMK1/ERK5). Here, we review the role of MAPK activation during myocardial IR injury as it occurs during heart transplantation. Most of our current knowledge regarding MAPK activation and cardioprotection comes from studies of preconditioning and postconditioning in nontransplanted hearts. JNK and p38 MAPK activation contributes to myocardial IR injury after prolonged hypothermic storage. p38 MAPK inhibition improves cardiac function after cold storage, rewarming and reperfusion. Small-molecule p38 MAPK inhibitors have been tested clinically in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, but not in transplanted patients, so far. Organ transplantation offers the opportunity of starting a preconditioning treatment before organ procurement or during cold storage, thus modulating early events in IR injury. Future studies will need to evaluate combined strategies including p38 MAPK and/or JNK inhibition, ERK1/2 activation, pre- or postconditioning protocols, new storage solutions, and gentle reperfusion.

scholarly journals Dificuldades dos enfermeiros no cuidado ao paciente com morte encefálica

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (28) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Veronica Silva de Souza Matos ◽  
Maria Imaculada Cardoso Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Organ Procurement Organization ◽  
The Difference

Compreender quais são as atribuições do enfermeiro na assistência ao paciente com morte encefálica e expor as dificuldades desses profissionais que são indispensáveis nos serviços de saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, construída a partir de materiais já publicados, especificamente artigos científicos, entre 2008 e 2018.  Foram consultadas as fontes BVS e SCIELO. Logo após a busca, foram identificados 10 artigos relevantes para este estudo. Concluiu-se a importância e a diferença que este profissional proporciona nos casos de paciente com morte encefálica, sendo este profissional que muitas vezes notifica a existência de um paciente com morte encefálica para a organização de procura de órgãos ou central estadual de transplante.Descritores: Morte Encefálica, Cuidados de Enfermagem, Transplante de Órgãos. Nursing difficulties do not care for the patient with encephalic deathAbstract: To understand the nurse's role in assisting the patient with brain death and to explain the difficulties of these professionals that are indispensable in health services. It is an integrative review, built from materials already published, scientific articles between 2008 and 2018. The sources VHL and SCIELO were consulted. Soon after the search 10 relevant articles were identified for this study. It was concluded the importance and the difference that this professional provides in cases of patients with brain death, being this professional that often reports the existence of a patient with brain death for the organ procurement organization or state transplant center.Descriptors: Brain Death, Nursing Care, Organ Transplantation. Dificultades de los enfermeros en el cuidado al paciente con muerte encefálicaResumen: Comprender cuáles son las atribuciones del enfermero en la asistencia al paciente con muerte encefálica y exponer las dificultades de estos profesionales que son indispensables en los servicios de salud. Se trata de una revisión integrativa, construida a partir de materiales ya publicados, artículos científicos entre 2008 y 2018. Se consultó a las fuentes BVS y SCIELO. Después de la búsqueda se identificaron 10 artículos relevantes para este estudio. Se concluyó la importancia y la diferencia que este profesional proporciona en los casos de paciente con muerte encefálica, siendo este profesional que muchas veces notifica la existencia de un paciente con muerte encefálica para la organización de demanda de órganos o central estadual de trasplante.Descriptores: Muerte Cerebral, Cuidado de Enfermería, Trasplante de Órganos.

scholarly journals Organ Donation in the Context of Brain Death in Muslim Countries: Bioethical Positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (07) ◽  
pp. 222-224
Author(s):  
Alqahtani Ibtesam Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Organ Transplants ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Right ◽  
End Stage

One of the miracles of modern medicine for patients with end stage organ failure is organ transplantation. The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) defines organ donation as giving an organ, tissue, cells, or part of an organ from a living or deceased person (i.e., the donor) to a living person in need (i.e., the recipient). In the last two decades, the number of organ transplants has gradually increased; however, the demand for organ transplantation exceeds the number of available donors. Organs from brain dead donors have been suggested as an alternative option for increasing donation rates when living donors are not available. This article explores the debate surrounding brain death organ donation in Muslim countries. Because organ transplantation is based on Ijtihad, Muslim jurists have no clear-cut text in the Holy Quran or Sunna to use as a foundation for judgment. This has made organ transplants an issue among Muslim scholars and researchers, splitting them into two opinion groups, with one side seeing organ transplantation as legal and the other believing it to be illegal. However, all individuals have the right to choose whether they want to help others by sacrificing parts of themselves and donating their organs. Autonomy, justice, and beneficence must be employed in organ transplantation decision-making.

scholarly journals Organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation in 2019. 12th report from the Registry of the Russian Transplant Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-34
Author(s):  
S. V. Gautier ◽  
S. M. Khomyakov
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Moscow Oblast ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
The Russian Federation

Objective: to monitor current trends and developments in organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation based on the 2019 data. Materials and methods. Heads of organ transplant centers were surveyed. Data obtained over years from federal subjects of the Russian Federation and from organ transplant centers in the country were analyzed and compared. Results. Based on data retrieved from the 2019 Registry, only 46 kidney, 31 liver and 17 heart transplant centers were functioning in Russia. In 2019, there were 6,878 potential recipients in the kidney transplant waitlist. This represents 13.7% of the 50,000 dialysis patients in the country. Donation activity in 2019 reached 5.0 per million population; multi-organ procurement rate was 71.6%; 2.9 organs on average were procured from one effective donor. In 2019, there were 10.0 kidney transplants per million population, 4.0 liver transplants per million population and 2.3 heart transplants per million people. Same year, the number of transplant surgeries performed in Russia rose 10.7% from the previous year. Moscow and Moscow Oblast alone have 13 functioning organ transplantation centers. They account for half of all kidney transplant surgeries and 70% of all liver and heart transplants performed in the country. Organ recipients in the Russian Federation have exceeded 16,000 in number. Conclusion. Organ transplantations in Russia keep on increasing – 10–15% per year. Donor and transplant programs are also becoming more effective and efficient. However, the demand for organ transplants far exceeds the current supply of available organs in the Russian Federation. Peculiarities of the development of organ donation and organ transplantation in Russia in 2019 were associated with some factors, such as structure and geographical location of transplant centers, waitlisting of patients, funding sources and amount, and management of donor and transplant programs. The national transplantation registry will be developed taking into account new monitoring and analysis challenges.

Awareness regarding organ transplantation among visitors of the ICU patients in three tertiary care centres in Kathmandu, a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Gentle S. Shrestha ◽  
Amit S Bhattarai ◽  
Tseten Yonjen ◽  
Ramesh S Bhandari ◽  
Paleswan J Lakhey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Organ Failures ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background and aims: Organ transplant is often the only viable treatment option for various end stage organ failures. Inadequacy of organ procurement from living as well as cadaveric donors is common, more so in developing countries. The aim of this study was to find out the knowledge and attitude regarding organ transplantation. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 150 respondents, who were the visitors of patients admitted to ICU of three tertiary care centres in Kathmandu. Results: Majority of the respondents were male 105 (70%) and 132 (88%) were aware about organ transplant. Likewise, 111 respondents (84.1%) hold the belief that organ transplant save lives. Ninety-four of the responses (34.8%) believe that media was the source of knowledge and 121 (91.7 %) of the respondents stated that organ transplant should be promoted. Majority of them, 80 of the total respondents (60.6%) believed that organ can be donated by both living and deceased donors and 111 (84.1%) of them believed that organ transplant save lives. While 88 of the respondents (66.7%) have heard about brain death, 60 of them (45.4%) believe that there is an organ transplant act in Nepal. Out of all respondents who are aware about transplantation, 91 of them (68.9%) have opinion that they are willing to donate the organ of their beloved ones should there be a situation of brain death. Conclusions: The study concludes that respondents have adequate knowledge regarding organ transplantation. Respondents have overall positive attitude towards organ donation and transplantation.  

scholarly journals Family-Based Consent to Organ Transplantation: A Cross-Cultural Exploration

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-533
Author(s):  
Mark J Cherry ◽  
Ruiping Fan ◽  
Kelly Kate Evans
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Individual Good ◽  
Medicine And Philosophy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Based

Abstract This special thematic issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy brings together a cross-cultural set of scholars from Asia, Europe, and North America critically to explore foundational questions of familial authority and the implications of such findings for organ procurement policies designed to increase access to transplantation. The substantial disparity between the available supply of human organs and demand for organ transplantation creates significant pressure to manipulate public policy to increase organ procurement. As the articles in this issue explore, however, even if well intentioned, the desire to maximize organ procurement does not justify undermining foundational elements of human flourishing, such as the family. While defending at times quite different understandings of autonomy, informed consent, and familial authority, each author makes clear that a principled appreciation of the family is necessary. Otherwise, health care practice will treat the family in a cynical and instrumental fashion unlikely to support social or individual good.

The Organ Transplantation Act and Recent Trends in Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho No Joo
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Allocation ◽  
Incentive System ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Transplantation Act ◽  
Allocation Criteria ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Brain Dead

The Organ Transplantation Act, including transplantation of organs from brain-dead donors, entered into force in Korea on February 9, 2000. This article introduces the Organ Transplantation Act, focusing on scope of the Act, determination of brain death, removal of organs from brain-dead or deceased donors, removal from living donors, organ allocation, and prohibition of trade in human organs. Especially, some primary ethical dilemmas surrounding organ allocation arise from the shortage of available organs. The primary ethical problems surrounding organ allocation are as follows. A key purpose of the organ donation incentive system is to increase the number of organ transplants from brain-dead donors. In particular, the priority for kidney patient was allowed in consideration of doctor’s strong desire to increase the brain-dead donors. Also, the organ allocation criteria based on the organ donation incentive system appear unfair, especially for the kidney patient, because the criteria do not fit the principles of distributive justice. In the future, the organ donation incentive system itself may need to be reexamined.

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