scholarly journals Strategies of host resistance to pathogens in spatially structured populations: An agent-based evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Christophe Boëte ◽  
Morgan Seston ◽  
Mathieu Legros
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations

EDITORIAL — CULTURAL EVOLUTION IN SPATIALLY STRUCTURED POPULATIONS: A REVIEW OF ALTERNATIVE MODELING FRAMEWORKS

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1203001 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE KANDLER ◽  
CHARLES PERREAULT ◽  
JAMES STEELE
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
Spatially Explicit Modeling

We consider the dynamics of cultural evolution in spatially-structured populations. Most spatially explicit modeling approaches can be broadly divided into two classes: micro- and macro-level models. Macro-level models study cultural evolution at the population level and describe the average behavior of the considered system. Conversely, micro-level models focus on the constituent units of the system, and study the evolutionary dynamics that emerge out of the interaction between these units. In this paper, we give an overview of the general properties of micro- and macro-level models using the examples of agent-based simulations and of continuum models based in diffusion theory; we highlight how both frameworks account for spatially-dependent processes. We argue that both micro- and macro-level models are well-suited to describe the process of cultural evolution in spatial settings and stress that micro- and macro-level models should not be considered as competing alternatives, but rather as complementary tools that can provide different insights into cultural evolutionary dynamics. Although adding spatial components to any model increases its complexity, we argue (based on the findings presented by contributors to this Special Issue of Advances in Complex Systems), that the incorporation of space into the evolutionary framework is a necessary step towards a more complete understanding of the process of cultural evolution.

scholarly journals Host resistance and coevolution in spatially structured populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1715) ◽  
pp. 2216-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Best ◽  
Steve Webb ◽  
Andy White ◽  
Mike Boots
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Population Mixing ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Approximate Mathematical Model ◽  
Mixing Patterns

Natural, agricultural and human populations are structured, with a proportion of interactions occurring locally or within social groups rather than at random. This within-population spatial and social structure is important to the evolution of parasites but little attention has been paid to how spatial structure affects the evolution of host resistance, and as a consequence the coevolutionary outcome. We examine the evolution of resistance across a range of mixing patterns using an approximate mathematical model and stochastic simulations. As reproduction becomes increasingly local, hosts are always selected to increase resistance. More localized transmission also selects for higher resistance, but only if reproduction is also predominantly local. If the hosts disperse, lower resistance evolves as transmission becomes more local. These effects can be understood as a combination of genetic (kin) and ecological structuring on individual fitness. When hosts and parasites coevolve, local interactions select for hosts with high defence and parasites with low transmissibility and virulence. Crucially, this means that more population mixing may lead to the evolution of both fast-transmitting highly virulent parasites and reduced resistance in the host.

scholarly journals Strategies of host resistance to pathogens in spatially structured populations: An agent-based evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Boëte ◽  
Morgan Seston ◽  
Mathieu Legros
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Spatial Lattice

AbstractThere is growing theoretical evidence that spatial structure can affect the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of host-parasite interactions. Locally restricted interactions have been shown in particular to affect host resistance and tolerance. In this study we investigate the evolution of several types of host disease resistance strategies, alone or in combination, in spatially structured populations. We construct a spatially explicit, individual-based stochastic model where hosts and parasites interact with each other in a spatial lattice, and interactions are restricted to a given neighbourhood of varying size. We investigate several host resistance strategies, including constitutive (expressed in all resistant hosts), induced (expressed only upon infection), and combinations thereof. We show that the specific resistance mechanism against a pathogen as well as the size of the neighbourhood both affect resistance spread and parasite dynamics, an effect modulated by the level of the cost of resistance. Our results shed new light on the dynamics of disease resistance in a spatially-structured host-pathogen system, and illustrate the conditions in which a variety of resistance mechanisms can be maintained, including when they are costly. Overall these results advance our theoretical understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of disease resistance, a necessary step to elaborate more efficient and sustainable strategies for disease management.

scholarly journals Vector-borne disease risk indexes in spatially structured populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0006234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Velázquez-Castro ◽  
Andrés Anzo-Hernández ◽  
Beatriz Bonilla-Capilla ◽  
Moisés Soto-Bajo ◽  
Andrés Fraguela-Collar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Estado Atual de Conhecimento de Dinâmica de Populações

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Anna Clara Balbina Silva ◽  
Afonso Pelli
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Population Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Population ◽  
Critical Challenge

Compreender os mecanismos que regulam a dinâmica das populações espacialmente estruturadas é um desafio crítico para os ecólogos e gestores de conservação. A dinâmica de populações é um ramo da ecologia que estuda as populações como sistema em atividades, relacionando as influências ambientais com a distribuição e abundância dos indivíduos e suas interações com o ambiente. O presente artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica, com o objetivo de identificar produções científicas relevantes sobre dinâmica populacional. Para isso, foram utilizados periódicos revisados por pares, na base de Periódicos Capes. A pesquisa foi realizada em junho de 2019, utilizando-se as palavras-chave para título contendo: "population dynamics" e no assunto “ecology”, a partir de 2014, quando o texto completo estava disponível. Foram considerados como critérios de exclusão os artigos publicados antes de 2014. Após a leitura dos títulos dos artigos, foram selecionados 34 artigos que foram lidos na íntegra. Em livros disponíveis no acervo da biblioteca da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, foram selecionados quatro livros no tema dinâmica populacional. O referencial teórico aborda os aspectos da dinâmica de populações, tabela de vida, formas de crescimento e interações populacionais. Ressalta-se a necessidade de novos estudos que ainda possuem lacunas, que venha complementar e contribuir para o conhecimento de organismos que faltam ou ainda não possuem registros de estudos. Palavras-chave: Taxas de Natalidade e Mortalidade. Atributos Populacionais. Dispersão. AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that regulate the dynamics of spatially structured populations is a critical challenge for ecologists and conservation managers. Population dynamics is a branch of ecology that studies populations as a system in activities, relating environmental influences to the individuals’ distribution and abundance and their interactions with the environment. This article is a bibliographic review, aiming to identify relevant scientific productions about population dynamics. Thus. peer-reviewed journals were used in the Capes Periodicals base, the research was conducted in June 2019, using the keywords for title containing "population dynamics" and in the subject "ecology", from 2014, when the full text was available. Exclusion criteria were: articles published before 2014, after reading the article titles, 34 articles were selected that met the initially proposed criteria and were read in full. In books available in the library collection of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, with a search for the dynamic population theme, 4 books were used. The theoretical framework addresses the aspects of population dynamics, life table, forms of growth and population interactions. It is emphasized  the need for further studies that still have gaps, which will complement and contribute to the knowledge of organisms that are missing or do not have study records. Keywords: Birth and Mortality Rates. Population Attributes. Dispersion.

Spatial Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Michael J. Fogarty ◽  
Jeremy S. Collie
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Spatial Processes ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Core Habitat ◽  
Spatially Explicit Models ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Realistic Representation

Aquatic populations are patchily distributed. The full implications of this statement for the dynamics of these populations depend very strongly on movement and dispersal patterns. The characteristically heterogeneous distribution of exploited aquatic species is of course essential to harvesting strategies employed by fishers. It can also present important challenges to management when species distributions contract to core habitat areas and these concentrations can be readily located and exploited. The types of models described in this chapter, including metapopulation models, provide an initial framework for considering the dynamics of spatially structured populations. Dispersal can provide a stabilizing force by providing a subsidy or rescue effect for depleted populations. Realistic representation of spatial processes in models of aquatic populations is an evolving art. Quantifying movement and connectivity of aquatic species entails special challenges. Spatially explicit models should account for exchange among subpopulations in relation to their size, distance, and degree of separation.

Shared resources and disease dynamics in spatially structured populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Nunn ◽  
Peter H. Thrall ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations

scholarly journals Coevolving parasites enhance the diversity-decreasing effect of dispersal

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Vogwill ◽  
Andy Fenton ◽  
Michael A. Brockhurst
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Experimental Populations

High dispersal rates between patches in spatially structured populations can impede diversification and homogenize diversity. These homogenizing effects of dispersal are likely to be enhanced by coevolving parasites that impose strong selection on hosts for resistance. However, the interactive effects of dispersal and parasites on host diversification have never been tested. We used spatially structured, experimental populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens , cultured with or without the phage SBW25Ф2 under three levels of dispersal (none, localized or global), and quantified diversity in terms of evolved bacterial colony morphologies after approximately 100 bacterial generations. We demonstrate that higher levels of colony morphology richness evolved in the presence of phage, and that dispersal reduced diversity most strongly in the presence of phage. Thus, our results suggest that, while parasites can drive host diversification, host populations coevolving with parasites are more prone to homogenization through dispersal.

Forecasting spatially structured populations: the role of dispersal and scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cailin Xu ◽  
Mark S. Boyce ◽  
Madhav Gadgil ◽  
Vidyanand Nanjundiah
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations
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