scholarly journals Individual variation in prey choice in a predator–prey community

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Okuyama
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Prey Choice ◽  
Predator Prey

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF VARYING PARAMETER VALUES AND HETEROGENEITY IN AN INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL OF PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION

2003 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 441-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM J. CHIVERS ◽  
RIC D. HERBERT
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Individual Based Model ◽  
Individual Parameter ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
State Variable ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Parameter Values

An individual-based model which produces nonlinear predator-prey dynamics is described. The importance of individual variation to the stability of the population dynamics predicted by the model and the advantages of the individual-based approach to modelling ecological systems is discussed. The individual-based model is compared with the traditional approach of population ecology — the modelling of populations with state variable equations. The individual-based model built here produces similar patterns of mutual dependence of the populations to those produced by the state variable model but has additional utility. It greatly simplifies the adjustment of individual environmental parameters which may be built into the model and it makes it possible to follow individuals or individual parameter values through the simulation. The cost of the utility of the individual-based approach is in the complexity of the model itself, which is more difficult to build than many state variable models. A common finding in the literature of individual-based modelling in ecology is the importance of individual variation. The individual-based model described here is built with a minimum of biological complexity, but still we find that individual variation in the model has profound effects on the stability of the population levels over long time periods.

Determinants of Diet of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Mountain Stream

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Allan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Invertebrate Drift ◽  
Prey Choice ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Numerical Abundance ◽  
June July ◽  
Time Of Feeding

Feeding rates, time of feeding, and prey choice of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were studied in Cement Creek, Colorado, in 1975–77. On each of five dates from early June to late September, I collected trout at intervals over a 24-h period, along with samples of invertebrate drift and benthos. Although substantial individual variation was observed in time of feeding and prey choice, feeding during the day appeared to predominate. The period of peak feeding shifted from 18:00–22:00 in June–July to earlier hours in August–September. The average number of prey per predator declined over the season and trout relied more heavily on terrestrial forms as aquatic taxa became more rare. The weight of food eaten per day was ~3–4 × the average amount observed per stomach.The numerical abundance of prey in the diet was significantly correlated with abundance of prey in the drift. Except for a few trout which ingested large, rare prey, this was also true for prey composition by biomass. Large taxa tended to be consistently overrepresented in trout diet and small taxa underrepresented. Several prey species shifted from underrepresentation in trout diets to overrepresentation as they grew in size. Abundance and size of prey, along with individual specialization by trout presumably as a result of experience, are suggested as primary determinants of trout diet.Key words: brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis; stream, predator-prey, aquatic insects

Modeling Paleolithic Predator-Prey Dynamics and the Effects of Hunting Pressure on Prey ‘Choice’

2008 ◽  
pp. 143-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Stiner ◽  
Joseph E. Beaver ◽  
Natalie D. Munro ◽  
Todd A. Surovell
Keyword(s):  
Prey Choice ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Hunting Pressure

scholarly journals Trait-Based Variation in the Foraging Performance of Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. DeLong ◽  
Stella F. Uiterwaal ◽  
Anthony I. Dell
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Foraging Performance ◽  
Body Velocity ◽  
Males And Females

Although average, species-level interaction strength plays a key role in driving population dynamics and community structure, predator-prey interactions occur among individuals. As a result, individual variation in foraging rates may play an important role in determining the effects of predator-prey interactions on communities. Such variation in foraging rates stems from individual variation in traits that influence the mechanistic components of the functional response, such as movements that determine encounters and behaviors such as decisions to attack. However, we still have little information about individual-level variation in functional responses or the traits that give rise to such variation. Here we combine a standard functional response experiment with wolf spiders foraging on fruit flies with a novel analysis to connect individual morphology, physiology, and movement to individual foraging performance. We found substantial variation in traits between males and females, but these were not clearly linked to the differences in the functional response between males and females. Contrary to expectations, we found no effect of body velocity, leg length, energetic state, or metabolic rate on foraging performance. Instead, we found that body mass interacted with body rotations (clockwise turns), such that larger spiders showed higher foraging performance when they turned more but the reverse was true for smaller spiders. Our results highlight the need to understand the apparent complexity of the links between the traits of individuals and the functional response.

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Inter-individual variation shapes the human microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Wissel ◽  
Leigh K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Microbiome Research

Abstract The target article suggests inter-individual variability is a weakness of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research, but we discuss why it is actually a strength. We comment on how accounting for individual differences can help researchers systematically understand the observed variance in microbiota composition, interpret null findings, and potentially improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in future clinical microbiome research.

Cell morphology, volume, and surface area determinations from multilevel contouring within HVEM micrographs of serial sections and whole-cell mounts

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
M. Marko ◽  
A. Leith ◽  
D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Computer Based

The use of serial sections and computer-based 3-D reconstruction techniques affords an opportunity not only to visualize the shape and distribution of the structures being studied, but also to determine their volumes and surface areas. Up until now, this has been done using serial ultrathin sections.The serial-section approach differs from the stereo logical methods of Weibel in that it is based on the Information from a set of single, complete cells (or organelles) rather than on a random 2-dimensional sampling of a population of cells. Because of this, it can more easily provide absolute values of volume and surface area, especially for highly-complex structures. It also allows study of individual variation among the cells, and study of structures which occur only infrequently.We have developed a system for 3-D reconstruction of objects from stereo-pair electron micrographs of thick specimens.

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