The thickness of faults: From laboratory experiments to field scale observations

2006 ◽  
Vol 426 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chambon ◽  
J. Schmittbuhl ◽  
A. Corfdir ◽  
N. Orellana ◽  
M. Diraison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Scale

Comparison and Evaluation of in-situ Bio-Denitrification Systems for Nitrate Reduction in Groundwater

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Dahab
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Careful Management ◽  
The U.S

Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a growing problem in the U.S. and throughout the world. This paper examines the potential application of in-situ bio-denitrification to reduce nitrates in groundwater to an acceptable level as well as pertinent parameters that control the process. Results from laboratory experiments designed to simulate in-situ bio-denitrification using an aquifer model are compared to results of experiments reported in the literature. The results indicate that while denitrification can be effective in reducing nitrates in contaminated groundwater, serious aquifer plugging problems can be expected. Furthermore, the avoidance of the plugging problem requires that careful management schemes be implemented during in-situ treatment The results of field-scale experiments in Europe and other areas generally confirm the efficacy of bio-denitrification. However, aquifer plugging was not reported by some of these studies or appeared to be downgraded by others. In some cases, this problem was reported as having serious ramifications on the success or failure of bio-denitrification. In addition to aquifer plugging, other problems can be expected. These include residual organics and the presence of large bacterial counts in the treated water with subsequent potential effects on the water turbidity, disinfection requirements, and public health acceptability.

Simulations of In-Situ Upgrading Process: Interpretation of Laboratory Experiments and Study of Field-Scale Test

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perez-Perez ◽  
M. Mujica ◽  
I. Bogdanov ◽  
A. Brisset ◽  
O. Garnier
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Scale Test

The ABCs of In-Situ-Combustion Simulations: From Laboratory Experiments to Field Scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (04) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubert Gutiérrez ◽  
R. Gordon Moore ◽  
Matthew G. Ursenbach ◽  
Sudarshan A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
In Situ Combustion

scholarly journals The migration and transformation of chromium during co-processing of cement raw meal mixed with chrome-polluted soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Xiao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Mingwei Wang ◽  
Dahai Yan ◽  
Zhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Full Contact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Chinese Standard

Abstract To efficiently dispose of chrome-polluted soil, we tested the co-processing of raw meal mixed with chrome-polluted soil in a tube furnace (laboratory experiments) and a cement rotary kiln (field-scale experiments). The migration and transformation reactions of chromium were analyzed and the environmental risk was evaluated. The average mass balance value was 91% for the laboratory experiments. In field-scale experiments, the mass balance values were 110% for the control experiments and 84% when 1% soil was treated. Therefore, only a small amount of Cr was volatilized into the flue gas. The average total Cr concentration in the soil samples was 403.25 mg/kg, and the ratio of Cr(VI) to total Cr was 1.83% or less. On average, 45.15% of Cr(III) was oxidized to Cr(VI) in laboratory experiments, while 87.94% of Cr(III) was oxidized in field-scale experiments, and the difference could be a result of the different calcination conditions. The materials in the cement rotary kiln make full contact with oxygen, and in this high temperature and oxidizing atmosphere, abundant CaO and MgO promote the oxidation of Cr(III) to CaCrO4. SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 reduce CaCrO4, which inhibits Cr(III) oxidation. The Cr concentration in the cement products was well below the Chinese standard limits. Therefore, the treatment of 1% chrome-polluted soil with a cement rotary kiln is experimentally safe.

The ABCs of In-Situ Combustion Simulations: From Laboratory Experiments to the Field Scale

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubert Gutierrez ◽  
Robert Gordon Moore ◽  
Matthew G. Ursenbach ◽  
Sudarshan A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
In Situ Combustion

scholarly journals Effects of “Shellbond” on Water Quality: II. Effects on Phytoplankton Growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
L. B. CAHOON ◽  
M. T. ANTONINI ◽  
P. J. BLACKMON ◽  
D. J. DEVITO ◽  
R. K. EARP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Plausible Mechanism

Abstract ShellBond is a patented material derived from high temperature treatment of calcareous materials, including oyster shells, yielding a unique form of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. Previous work with ShellBond showed effects on ammonium and phosphate concentrations in natural waters as well as significant effects on phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll a. The ability of oyster ShellBond to regulate phytoplankton growth in natural waters was investigated in laboratory experiments in order to determine the likely mechanism of action. Experimental investigation of indirect ShellBond effects on phytoplankton growth mediated by effects on nutrient availability (as ammonium and phosphate) revealed no evidence for a plausible mechanism. The direct effect of ShellBond on the pH of the medium was sufficient, however, to suggest that ShellBond acted to limit availability of dissolved CO2 to primary producers; ShellBond amendments at 200 mg L−1 were sufficient to raise pH to >10.5. Dose-response experiments demonstrated an effect of ShellBond concentration on pH and phytoplankton growth, but without complete mortality. These results suggest that ShellBond dosing may have promise for algal bloom remediation, justifying field scale investigations.

Covering of cometary nucleus by refractory crust and its evolution into asteroid-like body

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Kh.I. Ibadinov
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Cometary Nucleus ◽  
Sublimation Rate ◽  
Cometary Nuclei ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Brightness Decrease ◽  
Crust Thickness ◽  
Ice Sublimation ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractFrom the established dependence of the brightness decrease of a short-period comet dependence on the perihelion distance of its orbit it follows that part of the surface of these cometary nuclei gradually covers by a refractory crust. The results of cometary nucleus simulation show that at constant insolation energy the crust thickness is proportional to the square root of the insolation time and the ice sublimation rate is inversely proportional to the crust thickness. From laboratory experiments resulted the thermal regime, the gas productivity of the nucleus, covering of the nucleus by the crust, and the tempo of evolution of a short-period comet into the asteroid-like body studied.

When Does Voice Have to be More Than Only Listening? Procedural Justice Effects as a Function of Confident Leadership

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
David De Cremer ◽  
Maarten Wubben
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Negative Emotions

The present research examined how voice procedures and leader confidence affect participants’ negative emotions and willingness to withdraw. It was predicted that receiving voice would be valued out of instrumental concerns, but only when the enacting leader was high in confidence. Two laboratory experiments indeed showed an interaction between type of voice (pre-decisional vs. post-decisional) and leader’s confidence (low vs. high) on participants’ negative emotions and willingness to withdraw. In particular, post-decision voice only led to more negative responses than did pre-decision voice when the enacting leader was high in confidence. Negative emotions mediated this interaction effect of type of voice on willingness to withdraw. Implications for integrating the leadership and procedural justice literatures are discussed.

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