Study on chemical oxidation of heat treated lignocellulosic biomass under oxygen exposure by STA-DSC-FTIR analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Candelier ◽  
J. Dibdiakova ◽  
G. Volle ◽  
P. Rousset
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Exposure ◽  
Heat Treated

XRD and FTIR analysis heat treated lithium bismo-borate glasses doped with 1.0 mol% copper ferrite

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti Yadav ◽  
P. Narwal ◽  
Manjeet S. Dahiya ◽  
T. Dahiya ◽  
A. Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ferrite ◽  
Borate Glasses ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Heat Treated

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Combustion Characteristics of a Lignite

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhezi Zhang ◽  
Mingming Zhu ◽  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Guoqing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Ignition Delay Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ignition And Combustion

In this study, the ignition and combustion behavior of raw and heat-treated single particles of lignite were experimentally investigated, with a focus on the effect of heat treatment temperatures. The lignite particles were heat treated to various final temperatures (473, 623 and 773 K) in nitrogen and characterized using proximate, ultimate, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. A single lignite particle of 2 or 3 mm in diameter was suspended on a silicon carbide fiber and burned in air in a horizontal tube furnace operating at 1123 K. The ignition and combustion process of the particle was record using a color CCD camera at 25 fps. The ignition mechanism, ignition delay time, volatile flame duration, and burnout time of the single particles were examined by processing the recorded images. The proximate and ultimate analysis results indicated that the volatile matter and oxygen contents decreased, while the carbon content increased with increasing temperature of heat treatment. This trend was consistent with observations in the FTIR analysis, in which the intensity of oxygen-containing functional groups decreased with increasing the heat treatment temperature. The ignition of raw and heat treated lignite particles followed a joint hetero-homogeneous mechanism under all conditions studied. The ignition delay time, volatile flame extinction time, and the total combustion time decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature up to 623 K. A further increase in the heat treatment temperature to 773 K resulted in prolonged key ignition and combustion characteristic times.

Highly Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramics for Engineering Applicatios

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Ivankovic ◽  
Sebastijan Orlic ◽  
Dajana Kranzelic ◽  
Emilija Tkalcec
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Hydrothermal Transformation ◽  
Highly Porous

Highly porous hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) was prepared through hydrothermal (HT) transformation of aragonitic cuttlefish bones (Seppia Officinalis L. Adriatic Sea) in the temperature range from 140°C to 220°C for 20 minutes to 48 hours. Mechanism of hydrothermal transformation of bones was investigated by DTA/TG analyzer coupled online with FTIR spectrometric gas cell equipment (DTA-TG-EGA-FTIR analysis), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DTA-TG-EGA-FTIR analysis have shown the release of CO2 at about 400°C, 680°C and 990°C. The first release could be attributed to organics not completely removed from the heat treated bones, and the second release to decomposition of unconverted aragonite, whereas, the third one could be attributed to CO3 2– groups incorporated in the structure of HA. The interconnecting porous morphology of the starting material (aragonite) was maintained during the HT treatment. The formation of dandelion-like HA spheres with diameter from 3 to 8 μm were observed, which further transformed into nanoplates and nanorods with an average diameter of about 200-300 nm and an average length of about 8-10 μm.

scholarly journals UV Irradiation Chlorine Dioxide Photocatalytic Oxidation of Simulated Fuchsine Wastewater by UV-Vis and Online FTIR Spectrophotometric Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laishun Shi ◽  
Xiaomei Wang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Chunlei Huai ◽  
Jie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Degradation Reaction ◽  
Online Ftir

The photocatalyst TiO2/SiO2 was prepared and used for chlorine dioxide photocatalytic oxidation of simulated fuchsine wastewater under UV irradiation. The removal efficiency of fuchsine treated by photocatalytic oxidation process is higher than that of chemical oxidation process. By using UV-Vis and online FTIR analysis technique, the intermediates during the degradation process were obtained. The benzene ring in fuchsine was degraded into quinone and carboxylic acid and finally changed into carbon dioxide and water during the photocatalytic oxidation. The degradation reaction mechanism of fuchsine by UV irradiation chlorine dioxide photocatalytic oxidation was proposed based upon the experiment evidence.

scholarly journals Hot Resistance of Spores from the Thermophilic Bacillus horneckiae SBP3 of Shallow Hydrothermal Vent Origin Elucidated by Spectroscopic Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4256
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Zammuto ◽  
Maria Teresa Caccamo ◽  
Salvatore Magazù ◽  
Antonio Spanò ◽  
Salvatore Guglielmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Thermophilic Bacillus ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Wet Heat ◽  
Spore Proteins

Spores from Bacillus horneckiae SBP3 (SBP3) of shallow hydrothermal vent origin have recently been reported to survive extreme conditions more often than their close phylogenetic relatives B. horneckiae DSM 23495T (BHO) and B. subtilis 168 (BSU) used in biodosimetry and the space microbiology model. To investigate the structures of unheated spores, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used. The FTIR spectra of the spores from the strains SBP3, BHO and BSU mainly differed in the region that referred to lipids and amino acids or polypeptides, indicating that the SBP3 spores were richer in saturated fatty acids, and the protein structures of SBP3 and BHO spores were more aggregated and complex than those of BSU. SBP3 spores were more resistant (LD90 = 4.2 ± 0.3 min) to wet heat treatment (98 °C) than BHO (LD90 = 1.8 ± 0.2 min) and BSU (LD90 = 2.9 ± 0.5 min) spores were. In comparison to the untreated spores, the Raman spectra of the wet-heat-treated SBP3 spores showed minor variations in the bands that referred to proteins, whereas major changes were observed in the bands that referred to lipids and amide I in the heated BSU spores and to both lipids and proteins bands in the treated BHO spores. These results suggest that the major stability of SBP3 spore proteins could explain their greater resistance to wet heat compared to BHO and BSU. Our findings provide basic information for further comparative studies into spore responses to natural and laboratory stresses, which are useful in several different fields, such as astrobiology.

Direct Observation of Crystalline Ordering In Naturally Graphitized Carbon Produced by Low Grade Metamorphism

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Thomas R. McKee ◽  
Peter R. Buseck
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphitized Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
Metamorphic Zone

Sediments commonly contain organic material which appears as refractory carbonaceous material in metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Grew and others have shown that relative carbon content, crystallite size, X-ray crystallinity and development of well-ordered graphite crystal structure of the carbonaceous material increases with increasing metamorphic grade. The graphitization process is irreversible and appears to be continous from the amorphous to the completely graphitized stage. The most dramatic chemical and crystallographic changes take place within the chlorite metamorphic zone.The detailed X-ray investigation of crystallite size and crystalline ordering is complex and can best be investigated by other means such as high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The natural graphitization series is similar to that for heat-treated commercial carbon blacks, which have been successfully studied by HRTEM (Ban and others).

Effect of Shock Loading on the Microstructure of Uniloy 326

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
K. P. Staudhammer ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
05 C ◽  
Shock Deformation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of shock loading on a variety of steels has been reviewed recently by Leslie. It is generally observed that significant changes in microstructure and microhardness are produced by explosive shock deformation. While the effect of shock loading on austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and pearlitic structures has been investigated, there have been no systematic studies of the shock-loading of microduplex structures.In the current investigation, the shock-loading response of millrolled and heat-treated Uniloy 326 (thickness 60 mil) having a residual grain size of 1 to 2μ before shock loading was studied. Uniloy 326 is a two phase (microduplex) alloy consisting of 30% austenite (γ) in a ferrite (α) matrix; with the composition.3% Ti, 1% Mn, .6% Si,.05% C, 6% Ni, 26% Cr, balance Fe.

Phase Transformation In Ti-6al-4v Alloys

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
Shiro Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Mixed Microstructure ◽  
Ductile Behavior

The Ti-6 wt.% Al-4 wt.% V commercial alloys have exhibited an improved formability at cryogenic temperature when the alloys were heat-treated prior to the tests. The author was interested in further investigating this unusual ductile behavior which may be associated with the strain-induced transformation or twinning of the a phase, enhanced at lower temperatures. The starting materials, supplied by RMI Co., Niles, Ohio were rolled mill products in the form of 40 mil sheets. The microstructure of the as-received materials contained mainly ellipsoidal α grains measuring between 1 and 5μ. The β phase formed an undefined grain boundary around the a grains. The specimens were homogenized at 1050°C for one hour, followed by aging at 500°C for two hours, and then quenched in water to produce the α/β mixed microstructure.

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