Towards an epidemiological understanding of the effects of long-term institutional changes on population health: A case study of Canada versus the USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjumand Siddiqi ◽  
Clyde Hertzman
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Digital curation: the development of a discipline within information science

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1318-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Curation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Financial Ecology

Purpose Digital curation addresses the technical, administrative and financial ecology required to ensure that digital information remains accessible and usable over the long term. The purpose of this paper is to trace digital curation’s disciplinary emergence and examine its position within the information sciences domain in terms of theoretical principles, using a case study of developments in the UK and the USA. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical principles regarding disciplinary development and the identity of information science as a discipline are applied to a case study of the development of digital curation in the UK and the USA to identify the maturity of digital curation and its position in the information science gamut. Findings Digital curation is identified as a mature discipline which is a sub-meta-discipline of information science. As such digital curation has reach across all disciplines and sub-disciplines of information science and has the potential to become the overarching paradigm. Practical implications These findings could influence digital curation’s development from applied discipline to profession within both its educational and professional domains. Originality/value The disciplinary development of digital curation within dominant theoretical models has not hitherto been articulated.

scholarly journals Long-term development of the industrial sector – Case study about electrification, fuel switching, and CCS in the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 106602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Luh ◽  
Sara Budinis ◽  
Sara Giarola ◽  
Thomas J. Schmidt ◽  
Adam Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Fuel Switching ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Covert deformed wing virus infections have long-term deleterious effects on honeybee foraging and survival

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1848) ◽  
pp. 20162149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristof Benaets ◽  
Anneleen Van Geystelen ◽  
Dries Cardoen ◽  
Lina De Smet ◽  
Dirk C. de Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Activity ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Radiofrequency Identification ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Level Performance

Several studies have suggested that covert stressors can contribute to bee colony declines. Here we provide a novel case study and show using radiofrequency identification tracking technology that covert deformed wing virus (DWV) infections in adult honeybee workers seriously impact long-term foraging and survival under natural foraging conditions. In particular, our experiments show that adult workers injected with low doses of DWV experienced increased mortality rates, that DWV caused workers to start foraging at a premature age, and that the virus reduced the workers' total activity span as foragers. Altogether, these results demonstrate that covert DWV infections have strongly deleterious effects on honeybee foraging and survival. These results are consistent with previous studies that suggested DWV to be an important contributor to the ongoing bee declines in Europe and the USA. Overall, our study underlines the strong impact that covert pathogen infections can have on individual and group-level performance in bees.

Citizen Chen: a challenging test for bilateral diplomacy

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Barthélémy Michalon
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level

Subject area Diplomatic and consular policies; legal aspects of international relations and Asia regional scenario. Study level/applicability Undergraduate. Case overview In April 2012, high-level officials from China and the USA were about to meet in Beijing in the framework of the bilateral Strategic and Economic Dialogue, organized on a yearly basis. The event was always delicate, due to the ambiguous relationship existing between the two countries, which were at the same time rivals and dependent on one another. That time, the tension previous to the meeting increased significantly: a Chinese human rights activist had just sought and obtained diplomatic protection in the US Embassy in Beijing, thus creating an embarrassing situation for both States' foreign departments […] How could they possibly solve this contentious issue without affecting their already sensitive relationship? Expected learning outcomes Analytical: to be aware of the political nature of the current Chinese Government; to realize the concrete and practical implications of an Embassy's special status; to balance two contradictory objectives, in a specific situation where none of them can be fully discarded; to contrast and try to combine long-term goals (in this case, to maintain a functioning relationship between two main world powers) with short-term objectives (in this case, how to deal with a Chinese activist that required protection against his own country's security forces); to find a modus vivendi (conciliation) between values and interests; to get convinced that certain kinds of negotiations cannot be conceived through a “win or lose” approach: in this case, the only way out must be respectful of the two parties' core interests; and to take into account that image preservation (“face-saving”) must be included within any country's objectives in any situation involving diplomatic means. Conceptual: the purpose is to familiarize the students with specific concepts, such as: best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA), which is to be mentioned as part of the discussion (it is not included in the case study itself); interdependence; (purported) Group of Two; asylum and refuge; Immunity; and sending state/receiving state. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

scholarly journals Information Content of Seasonal Forecasts in a Changing Climate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Y. Krakauer ◽  
Michael D. Grossberg ◽  
Irina Gladkova ◽  
Hannah Aizenman
Keyword(s):  
Information Gain ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Climate Prediction Center

We study the potential value to stakeholders of probabilistic long-term forecasts, as quantified by the mean information gain of the forecast compared to climatology. We use as a case study the USA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) forecasts of 3-month temperature and precipitation anomalies made at 0.5-month lead time since 1995. Mean information gain was positive but low (about 2% and 0.5% of the maximum possible for temperature and precipitation forecasts, resp.) and has not increased over time. Information-based skill scores showed similar patterns to other, non-information-based, skill scores commonly used for evaluating seasonal forecasts but tended to be smaller, suggesting that information gain is a particularly stringent measure of forecast quality. We also present a new decomposition of forecast information gain into Confidence, Forecast Miscalibration, and Climatology Miscalibration components. Based on this decomposition, the CPC forecasts for temperature are on average underconfident while the precipitation forecasts are overconfident. We apply a probabilistic trend extrapolation method to provide an improved reference seasonal forecast, compared to the current CPC procedure which uses climatology from a recent 30-year period. We show that combining the CPC forecast with the probabilistic trend extrapolation more than doubles the mean information gain, providing one simple avenue for increasing forecast skill.

scholarly journals Space Dimension of the Innovation-Technological Breakthrough

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
L. Pankova ◽  
O. Gusarova
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Strategic Stability ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Space Activities

The article addresses the technological base development for the exploration and use of outer space over the current decade and the subsequent period. Primary attention is given to the USA, Russia and China. The most important disruptive emerging military and dual-use technologies are highlighted, their impact on strategic stability, national and international security is examined in terms of both opportunities and risks. A cluster of the most important and perspective space technologies is considered. The paper indicates the possibility and necessity of new agreements on exploration and use of outer space, crucial for adapting space activities to new military-strategic, military-political and technological realities against a backdrop of the innovative technological breakthroughs and the digitalization processes development. Under the conditions of the U.S. military-political leaders’ commitment to competition between great powers, special attentions are paid to the increase of the competition complex factor and development of the so-called PEMT-competition (political, economic, military and technological competition). One of its important focuses is the space activity. It is underlined in the perspective survey till 2040 that, in spite of the crisis situation in the Russian space sector at the boundary of the third decade of the 21st century, Russia has a real opportunity to remain in the category of leading space powers. Special case study of the article is the interactions between space development and strategic stability, on the one hand, and information warfare, on the other. The problems of the space systems vulnerability are also noted. The article emphasizes the fundamental nature, importance and necessity of an impending long-term revision of future global space activities, primarily from the perspective of strategic stability. But the necessity of intensive world discussions on space control is also stressed.

Caregivers' Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologist Talk About Child Language and Literacy Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2049-2067
Author(s):  
Karmen L. Porter ◽  
Janna B. Oetting ◽  
Loretta Pecchioni
Keyword(s):  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Therapy Goals ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Types Of Information

Purpose This study examined caregiver perceptions of their child's language and literacy disorder as influenced by communications with their speech-language pathologist. Method The participants were 12 caregivers of 10 school-aged children with language and literacy disorders. Employing qualitative methods, a collective case study approach was utilized in which the caregiver(s) of each child represented one case. The data came from semistructured interviews, codes emerged directly from the caregivers' responses during the interviews, and multiple coding passes using ATLAS.ti software were made until themes were evident. These themes were then further validated by conducting clinical file reviews and follow-up interviews with the caregivers. Results Caregivers' comments focused on the types of information received or not received, as well as the clarity of the information. This included information regarding their child's diagnosis, the long-term consequences of their child's disorder, and the connection between language and reading. Although caregivers were adept at describing their child's difficulties and therapy goals/objectives, their comments indicated that they struggled to understand their child's disorder in a way that was meaningful to them and their child. Conclusions The findings showed the value caregivers place on receiving clear and timely diagnostic information, as well as the complexity associated with caregivers' understanding of language and literacy disorders. The findings are discussed in terms of changes that could be made in clinical practice to better support children with language and literacy disorders and their families.

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